Post on 01-Jan-2016
MYOFASCIAL MUSCLE CHAINS
PETER D.M. JONCKHEERE, Physical therapy, Principal Teacher Myofascial Therapy, Belgium. E-mail: Pejo@glo.be.
JAN A.J. PATTYN, Physical therapy, Teacher Myofa sci a I Therapy, Belgium.
Objectives: To present a handy survey of the myofascial classification of the muscles according to their pain region in function of their focus and radiation. With this survey the myofascial muscle chains can be consulted instantly.
Methods: In function of the myofascial pain regions, per muscle, painfocus and radiation pain have been visually presented on the computer, based upon data out of the international myofascial literature. Out of these findings, for each myofascial region, primary (muscles that give focal pain) and secondary (muscles that give radiation pain) myofascial muscle chains were determined and charted.
Results:
1. Classification of the muscles divided into 61 pain regions according to focality and radiation.
2. Classification of the associated chains in dysfunction according to pain region.
3. Classification of the development of myofascial muscle chains departing from a well-defined muscle.
4. Classification of the myofascial muscle chains where a well-defined muscle occurs in the muscle chain of another muscle.
Conclusions: The examiner or therapist can easily trace the myofascial dysfunctions with the help of a compact reference book (practical workbook). The progress of pain can be explained by the development of the myofascial
- muscle chains and so there is a point of application to dissolve myofascial dysfunctions efficiently by means of these causal muscle chains.
ISBN: 90-804265-1-2
FRONT
23
P.
Face - Upper Cheek & Jaw ...... .. . .. .. ... ... ..... .. 12 Face - Lower Cheek & Jaw .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . .. .. . . 13 Eye . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14 Ear - TMJ . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . ... . . . . . . .. . .. . . . . . .. . . . ... . .. . . .. .. 15 Teeth . . . .. . . . . . . .. . . ..... . . . . . . ... . . . . ... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . .... 16 Throat . . . .. . . .. .. . . .. .. . . . . . . . . . ... ... .... . . . .. ... . . .. .. . ..... .... 17 Head - Frontal . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18 Head - Temporal . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . .. . . . . . . .. . . . . . 21 Head - Vertex .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . 23 Shoulder Anterior ......................................... .40 Shoulder Lateral. .......................................... .46 Upperarm Anterior . . . . . . . ...... .... . . . .. .. . . . . .. . ........ . . 49 Upperarm Lateral .......................................... 53 Elbow - Epicondylus Lateralis ....................... 54 Elbow - Epicondylus Medialis ....................... 56 Elbow - Antecubital ....................................... 58 Forearm - Volar ............................................. 59 Forearm - Radial . . . . . . . . . . . .. . ......... .. . . . . . .. .... ....... 61 Forearm - Ulnar . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62 Hand - Wrist - Radial . . . . . . . . .. . . . .. ... .. . . . . . . ...... ... . 66 Hand - Volar side & Wrist ............................. 69 Hand - Wrist - Ulnar ...................................... 71 Fingers Volar . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . .. . . ...... . 75
89 Chest - Front .. .. . . . . . . . . . .. ... . ... . .... . ....... . .. . ... ... ... . 76 Chest _ Side . . . .. . . .. . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . ... . . . . .. . ... ...... ... . 78 Abdomen ....................................................... 79 Groin ............................................................. 83 Hip - Anterior ................................................. 85 Thigh - Medial ............................................... 89 Thigh - Anterior ................................... : ......... 90 Thigh - Lateral. .............................................. 94 Knee - Anterior .............................................. 97 Knee - Medial. . .. . . . . . . . . ... .... .. .............. . ..... .. . . ... 99 Knee - Lateral ............................................. 1 00 Leg - Anterior (shank) ................................. 101 Leg - Lateral. ............................................... 1 04 Leg - Medial ................................................ 1 05
107 Ankle - Malleolus Externus ......................... 106 Ankle - Malleolus Internus . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . ... . 107 Foot - Dorsal ............................................... 11 0
BACK
23
P.
Ear - TMJ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15 Head - Occipital . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19 Head - Vertex . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23 Neck - Posterior . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24 Back - Upper-Thoracic . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25 Back - Mid-Thoracic . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27 Back - Low-Thoracic . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30 Back - Lumbar . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31 Back - Sacral . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34 Back - SIJ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37 Back - Coccyx . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39 Shoulder Posterior . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43 Shoulder Lateral . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46 Upperarm Posterior . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51 Upperarm Lateral . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53 Elbow - Epicondylus Lateralis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54 Elbow - Epicondylus Medialis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56 Elbow - Olecranon . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57 Forearm - Dorsal . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60 Forearm - Radial . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61 Forearm - Ulnar . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62 Hand - Dorsal side & Wrist . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63 Hand - Wrist - Radial . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 66 73 Hand - Wrist - Ulnar . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 71 Fingers Dorsal . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 73 Chest - Side . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 78 Buttock . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 80 Hip - Lateral . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 87 Thigh - Medial . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 89 Thigh - Posterior . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 92 Thigh - Lateral . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 94 Knee - Posterior . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 95 Knee - Medial . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 99 Knee - Lateral . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 00 Leg - Posterior (calf) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 102 Leg - Lateral . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 04 Leg - Medial . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 05 Ankle - Malleolus Externus . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 106 Foot - Plantar . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 08
Title: "Myofascial Muscle Chains"
Authors: Peter D.M. Jonckheere Jan A.J. Pattyn
Cover: Ignace Pattyn
Translation: Kathelijne Decloedt
Copyright © 1998 Trigger vzw Weidestraat 234 8310 Brugge Belgium
All rights reserved. This book is protected by copyright. No part of this book may be reproduced in any form or by any means, including photocopying, or utilized by any information storage and retrieval system without written permission from the copywright owner.
Printed in Belgium - All rights reserved.
ISBN 90-804265-1-2
979287
Index
Introduction 1
Chapter 1 : Practical Working Method 2
Procedure chapter 4 : muscle chains according to their pain region 2 Procedure chapter 5 : the muscle chains of each particular muscle 4
Chapter 2 : Definitions 7
Myofascial Muscle Chains 7 Trigger Point 8
Chapter 3 : Algometrics 9
Purpose 9 Myofascial Pain Index (MPI) 9
Myofascial Dysfunctions 10 Conclusions 10
Chapter 4 : Myofascial Chains in function of the 11
pain region
Face - Upper Cheek & Jaw 12 Face - Lower Cheek & Jaw 13
Eye 14 Ear - TMJ 15
Teeth 16 Throat 17
Head - Frontal 18 Head - Occipital 19
Head - Temporal 21 Head - Vertex 23
Neck - Posterior 24 Back - Upper-Thoracic 25
Back - Mid-Thoracic 27 Back - Low-Thoracic 30
Back - Lumbar 31 Back - Sacral 34
Back - SIJ 37
Back - Coccyx 39 Shoulder - Anterior 40
Shoulder - Posterior 43 Shoulder - Lateral 46
Upperarm - Anterior 49 Upperarm - Posterior 51
Upperarm - Lateral 53 Elbow - Epicondylus Lateralis 54 Elbow - Epicondylus Medialis 56
Elbow - Olecranon 57 Elbow - Antecubital 58
Forearm - Volar 59 Forearm - Dorsal 60 Forearm - Radial 61
Forearm - Ulnar 62 Hand Dorsal Side & Wrist 63
Hand - Wrist - Radial 66 Hand Volar Side & Wrist 69
Hand - Wrist - Ulnar 71 Fingers - Dorsal 73
Fingers - Volar 75 Chest - Front 76 Chest - Side 78
Abdomen 79 Buttock 80
Groin 83 Hip - Anterior 85
Hip - Lateral 87 Thigh - Medial 89
Thigh - Anterior 90 Thigh - Posterior 92
Thigh - Lateral 94 Knee - Posterior 95
Knee - Anterior 97 Knee - Medial 99 Knee - Lateral 100
Leg - Anterior (shank) 101 Leg - Posterior (calf) 102
Leg - Lateral 104 Leg - Medial 105
Ankle - Malleolus Externus 106 Ankle - Malleolus Internus 107
Foot - Plantar 108 Foot - Dorsal 110
Chapter 5 : Myofascial Muscle Chains per muscle 112
Abductor Digiti Minimi (fingers) 113 Abductor Hallucis 114
Adductor Brevis 115 Adductor Hallucis 118
Adductor Longus 119 Adductor Magnus 122
Adductor Pollicis 124 Anconeus 125
Biceps Brachii 126 Biceps Femoris 128
Brachialis 130 Brachioradialis 132
Coccygeus 134 Coracobrachialis 135
Deltoideus 137 Digastricus 140
Extensor Carpi Radialis Brevis 141 Extensor Carpi Radialis Longus 143
Extensor Carpi Ulnaris 146 Extensor Digitorum (middle finger) 147
Extensor Digitorum (ring finger) 149 Extensor Digitorum Brevis 151
Extensor Digitorum Longus 152 Extensor Hallucis Brevis 154
Extensor Hallucis Longus 155 Extensor Indicis 157
Flexor carpi Radialis 158 Flexor Carpi Ulnaris 160
Flexor Digitorum Brevis 161 Flexor Digitorum Longus 162
Flexor Digitorum Superficialis & Profundus 164 Flexor Hallucis Brevis 165
Flexor Hallucis Longus 166 Flexor Pollicis Longus 167
Gastrocnemius 168 Gluteus Maximus 170
Gluteus Medius 172 Gluteus Minimus 175
Gracilis 178 Iliocostalis Lumborum 179
Iliocostalis Thoracis 181 Iliopsoas 183
Infraspinatus 185 Interosseus Dorsalis 1 & 2 (fingers) 188
Interosseus Dorsalis 1 (toes) 190 Latissimus Dorsi 191
Levator Ani 194 Levator Scapulae 195
Longissimus Thoracis 196 Masseter 199
Multifidus (neck) 201 Multifidus (back) 202
Obliquus Externus Abdominis 204 Obturatorius Internus 205
Occipitofrontalis 206 Opponens Pollicis 207
Orbicularis Oculi 208
Palmaris Longus 209 Pectineus 210
Pectoralis Major 212 Pectoralis Minor 215
Peroneus Brevis 217 Peroneus Longus 218 Peroneus Tertius 220
Piriformis 221 Plantaris 223
Popliteus 224 Pronator Teres 225
Pterygoideus Lateralis 226 Pterygoideus Medialis 227 Quadratus Lumborum 228
Quadratus Plantae 231 Quadriceps Femoris Rectus Femoris 232
Quadriceps Femoris Vastus Intermedius 234 Quadriceps Femoris Vastus Lateralis 235 Quadriceps Femoris Vastus Medialis 237
Rectus Abdominus 240 Rhomboideus Major 242 Rhomboideus Minor 243
Sartorius 244 Scalenus 246
Semimembranosus 249 Semispinalis Capitis 251
Semispinalis Cervicis 252 Semitendinosus 253
Serratus Anterior 255 Serratus Posterior Inferior 256
Serratus Posterior Superior 257 Soleus 258
Splenius Capitis 260 Splenius Cervicis 261
Sternalis 263 Sternocleidomastoideus 264
Suboccipitale 267 Subscapularis 268
Supinator 270 Supraspinatus 272
Temporalis 275 Tensor Fasciae Latae . 277
Teres Major 278 Teres Minor 280
Tibialis Anterior 282 Tibialis Posterior 283
Trapezius 284 Triceps Brachii 287
Foreword
For the therapist who has to deal with a pain problem of the locomotor system there is an enormous amount of information available. Along with the "classical" orthopaedic approach, the manual, osteopathic or chiropractical vision, the electromagnetical therapies a.o. acupuncture etc., the Myofascial approach gains more and more importance. For a great number of therapists, Myofascial Therapy is the ideal completion of their other techniques. This new book: "Myofascial Muscle Chains" is to be situated within the Myofascial Therapy.
With impatience we have been looking forward to this book. It really fills up a gap in which the myofascial pain therapist will find practical information which cannot be found anywhere at the moment.
How did this book come into existence? Why throw a book about Muscle Chains and more specifically Myofascial Muscle Chains on the market?
The deeper roots of "Myofascial Muscle Chains" can naturally be found in the splendid basic work written by Travell and Simons: Myofascial Pain and Dysfunction: The Trigger Point Manual I and II. In this systematic work, Travell and Simons make mention of the fact that each particular muscle has associated muscles. When active trigger points are found in one particular muscle, Travell discovered on a clinical basis that there are permanent connections between this muscle and other muscles. In practice this means that, when dealing with a pain problem, one muscle is found to be prominent, the associated muscles have to be checked and treated as well.
Peter Jonckheere is the principal teacher of the highly qualified course of "Myofascial Therapy" at the Jing Ming School in Flanders, Belgium. On the basis of his clinical practice and his intrrest in computer programs he went in search of systems among these associated muscles and created the concept "Myofascial Muscle Chains" in the early 90ties. With the help of his own ingeniously built-up schedule of muscles and the year-long clinical testing and debating with his students, this basic concept was gradually turned into what is lying now in front of you: a very handy workbook about clinically relevant links between muscles and their pain patterns.
The manual is divided into 2 chapters:
In the first chapter the therapist can start from the PAIN REGION. For this region all prominent muscles are presented into a schedule, together with their associative chains. (The definitions of these chains can be found in an introductory chapter). In this way the therapist immediately knows which main muscles he is dealing with.
In the second chapter the therapist can start from a MUSCLE. Which chains start from this muscle and which chains this muscle forms a part of? In that way surprising links between muscles of the same region occur. Links can also be made with more distant muscles. This knowledge can help the treatment spectacularly. The neurological segment per muscle is also mentioned: in that way the link between the relevant muscle chains and potenially primary dysfunctions in the vertebral column can be put more easily.
Both authors are teachers at the Jing Ming School for "Myofascial Therapy" in Belgium. Peter Jonckheere works as a physiotherapist in Bruges, is a pioneer of the Myofascial Therapy in Flanders, Belgium. He started the above training from scratch and is author of some basic works on MT.: 'Spieren en Dysfuncties, Trigger Punten, Basisprincipes van de Myofasciale Therapie', Publ. SATAS and 'Pijn, u kunt er iets aan doen', Publ. SAT AS. Peter is vice-president of the Myofascial Therapists' Association and editor of "Trigger Nieuws", the three-monthly magazine about MT.
Jan Pattyn works as a physiotherapist in Torhout, attended the training as a student of Peter's and some years ago he was qualified as a fellow-teacher. His enthusiasm and dynamism formed the start of their co-operation which resulted in the publishing of this manual in less than 1 year.
As president of 'Trigger", ex-student and fellow teacher of the training and dedicated user and defender of the MT., I am convinced this manual is indispensable in the library of every pain therapist. Moreover, it deserves a place, within reach, to be consulted easily, between two palpations or function tests, which, sadly enough, can not be said of a lot of manuals.
Kris Demanet, M.D. Sports Medicine Private Practice Torhout, Belgium.
Introduction
Objectives
To present a handy survey of the myofascial classification of the muscles according to their pain region in function of their focus and radiation. With this survey the myofascial muscle chains can be consulted instantly.
Methods
In function of the myofascial pain regions, per muscle, painfocus and radiation pain have been visually presented on the computer, based upon data out of the international myofascial literature. Out of these findings, for each myofascial region, primary (muscles that give focal pain) and secondary (muscles that give radiation pain) myofascial muscle chains were determined and charted.
Results
1. Classification of the muscles divided into 61 pain regions according to focality and radiation.
2. Classification of the associated chains in dysfunction according to pain region.
3. Classification of the development of myofascial muscle chains departing from a well-defined muscle.
4. Classification of the myofascial muscle chains where a well-defined muscle occurs in the muscle chain of another muscle.
Conclusions
The examiner or therapist can easily trace the myofascial dysfunctions with the help of a compact reference book (practical workbook). The progress of pain can be explained by the development of the myofascial muscle chains and so there is a point of application to dissolve myofascial dysfunctions efficiently by means of these causal muscle chains.
Chapter 1
Practical working-method
Myofascial therapy treats, by means of trigger points, pains that are caused by the malfunctioning of muscles.
The purpose of this work is to present a handy survey of the myofascial classification of the muscles according to their pain region, in function of focus and radiation. This survey enables the user to consult the myofascial muscle chains instantly.
Procedure chapter 4 muscle chains according to their pain region
PURPOSE: searching the main muscles starting from the pain region indicated by the patient.
We argue horizontally.
How do we determine which muscles are responsable for pain in a certain region? We start from a specific pain region, indicated by the patient
Per pain region you get a survey of the primary and secondary muscle chains
• primary m uscle chain = minimum 3 muscles that cause focal pain. • secondary m uscle chain = minimum 3 that cause referred pain.
e.g. patient complains of pain in the neck.
pain focus referred pain Splenius Cervicis (UTP) Infraspinatus (Upper 2TPs) Levator Scapulae Sternocleidomastoideus (sternal) Multifidus (neck) Suboccipital Trapezius (TP1 ,2,3)
Out of this schedule we immediately read there are 4 muscles that cause focal pain in the neck. By means of algometries (see chapter 2) we can determine which of these muscles contain an active trigger point.
active TP = TP that provokes the recognizable pain when palpated.
2
An association muscle chain can start from each muscle with an active TP out of the primary muscle chain.
• association m uscle chain = a muscle chain that only consists of muscles that from their muscle in dysfunction develop TPs in associated muscles.
Example 1 : our patient with pain in the neck shows an active TP in the M. Multifidus
Multifidus Levator Scapulae Semispinalis Capitis Semispinalis Cervicis Sternocleidomastoideus Splenius Cervi cis
This schedule shows that the M.Multifidus has 5 associative muscles.
Which of these 5 associative muscles also cause focal or referred pain?
Multifidus(neck)
In our example the 2 above-mentioned muscles are the only ones that cause focal pain in the neck. We speak of a primary association chain. We neglect the M.Sternocieidomastoideus because this muscle only causes radiation pain for the neck and therefore cannot be fitted into the primary association chain. In this book we only sum up the sheer primary and secondary association chains in function of each pain region.
Example 2 : our patient with pain in the neck shows an active TP in the M. Splenius Cervicus.
Splenius Cervicis Sternocleidomastoideus Trapezius Splenius Capitis Suboccipital
This schedule shows the M. Splenius Cervicus contains 4 associative muscles.
Which of these 4 associative muscles also cause focal or radiation pain?
Splenius Cervicis
3
Suboccipital Sternocleidomastoideus (Sternal)
In our example only the 2 above-mentioned muscles. Since both cause merely radiation pain, we can speak of a secondary association chain. For the same reason the M. Trapezius does not belong here.
In this chapter we have determined which muscles are myofascially involved in a certain pain region . When we want to go further into this matter, we consult chapter 5 : the muscle chains of each particular muscle. In that way we can put the links to other pain regions.
procedure Chapter 5 the muscle chains of each particular muscle
PURPOSE: Finding the links (possibly to other pain regions) starting from the muscle that is already defined.
The working-method is vertical.
We start from a muscle in dysfunction , as defined in chapter 3.
e.g. a dysfunction of the M. Trapezius.
Chains starting from the Trapezius
We give a catalogue of the muscles associated with the M. Trapezius.
associated muscles (according to Travell &
Simons)
Levator Scapulae Trapezius (contralateral) Supraspinatus Rhomboideus Major Rhomboideus Minor Pectoralis Major Scalenus Temporalis Occipitofrontalis
We now give a catalogue of the primary and secondary asociative chains starting from the M. Trapezius in function of the different pain regions.
Primary associated chains
head - lateral Temporalis Trapezius (contralateral, TP1 ) Occipitofrontalis
neck - posterior Levator Scapulae Trapezius (contralateral, TP 1 ,2,3)
etc.
4
Secundary associated chains
head - occipital Trapezius (contralateral) Temporalis Occipitofrontalis
shoulder - posterior Levator Scapulae Scalenus
Chains in which Trapezius is involved
Dealing with a chronological complaint in which different pain regions are involved, you don't always find the solution to the problem, because already several muscle chains have developed and succeeded one another. To go back to the initial muscle chain we have to proceed in a reversed order . We can do this by looking in which chain of another muscle the Trapezius occurs.
The scheme below shows the muscle of which the Trapezius is an associative muscle.
associated muscles (according to Travell &
Simons)
Supraspinatus Rhomboideus Major Rhomboideus Minor Pectoralis Major Scalenus Temporalis Suboccipital Sternocleidomastoideus Splenius Cervi cis Splenius Capitis Biceps Brachii
We schedule all the different associative chains which the M. Trapezius occurs in.We make three columns. Firstly, the muscle out of which the associative chain starts. In the second column, the likely involved pain region and in the third column the actual associative chain which the M. Trapezius occurs in.
Primary associated chains
... Levator Scapulae
Trapezius neck - Trapezius posterior (contralateral,
TP1,2,3) Semispinalis
Suboccipital head-lateral Capitis Sternocleidomastoi-deus (Sternal) Trapezius (TP1)
.. .
5
Secundary associated chains
... Rhomboideus back - Trapezius Minor mid - thoracic Levator Scapulae
Splenius Cervi cis Sternocleidom Temporalis astoideus head - Trapezius
occipital (TP 1 ,2,3) ...
6
Chapter 2
Definitions
Myofascia/ Muscle Chains
Conditions:
• the presence of at least 3 muscles • the presence of at least 1 TP per muscle involved • the presence of at least 1 active TP in the chain
Kinds:
Direct myofasciaJ muscle chain
Collection of muscles that, in dysfunction,can cause pain, for a well-defined region.
Primary direct myofascia/ muscle chain Collection only of muscles that , in dysfunction, for a well-defined region, can cause FOCAL PAIN.
Secondary direct myofascia/ muscle chain Collection of muscles that, in dysfunction, can cause not merely focal but referred pain as well.
MyofasciaJ Associative muscle chain
Collection of muscles that starting from their muscle in dysfunction develop associative TPs in other muscles.
Primary myofascia/ associative muscle chain Collection of muscles that, starting from their muscle in dysfunction, develop associative TPs that cause FOCAL pain for a well-defined region.
Secondary myofascia/ associative muscle chain Collection of muscles that, starting from their muscle in dysfunction, develop associative TPs that not necessarily cause merely focal pain for a well-defined region.
7
Trigger Point
A self-maintaining hyper-irritable spot in a skeleton muscle or its associated fascia.
Active Trigger Point
A very sensitive spot that , when palpated, causes an identifiable pain that totally or partly agrees with the pain track of the muscle in dysfunction.
Latent Trigger Point
A spot that causes local pain only when palpated.
False Positive Trigger Point
A spot that causes referred pain:
or: - not in accordance with the identifiable pain or: - in accordance with the specific track for this trigger point but with
an algometric score higher than the MPI
8
Chapter 3
Algometries
Purpose
The purpose of algometrics is to define whether a TP is active, latent, falsely positive or absent.This knowledge is based on the most recent data from the American study: "Pressure Threshold for referred pain by compression on the trigger point and adjacent area." (Chang-Zern Hong, Yuh-Ning Chen, Debra, Twehous, Dennis H. Hong. Journal of Musculoskeletal Pain.)
Myofascial Pain Index (MPI)
Pain is subjective. To get an idea by means of algometrics of the pain the patient experiences , we must be able to make an objective evaluation. By means of the calculation of a myofascial pain index we can estimate objectively the value of the pain the patient can bear.
The MPI is calculated by measurements on the 18 Tender Points with the
Algoprobe® .
The Algoprobe® is an electric algometer by means of which the MPI is automatically calculated . , The trigger point research is linked to the MPI and evaluated in that way in function of the individual pain threshold of each patient.
These are the locations of the Tender Points we have tomeasure :
1. occiput : at the insertions of the Suboccipital muscles.
2. lower cervical: at the anterolateral aspect of C5-C6
3. edge of trapezius: in the middle of the shoulder
4. supraspinatus: the fossa supraspinatus at the medium edge of the scapula
5. second rib: up lateral at the sterno-costal junction
6. lateral epicondyl: 2 cm distal of the epicondyl
7. knee: at the medium fleshy thickness proximal of the jOint
8. major trochanter: posterior of the prominentia trochanterica
9. gluteal: in the upper lateral quadrant anterior
The MPI is the average pressure that is measured at these 18 Tender point locations (9 right - 9 left)
=> 18 values have to be registered by pressure with the probe
=> The MPI is simply the average value measured at the Tender Points.
Here comes an example how the MPI is calculated.
9
e.g.
left right
TeP 1 3,70 4,30 at the insertions Suboccipital muscles TeP2 3,30 3,30 anterolateral aspect C5-C7
TeP3 4,80 5,30 middle point of the shoulder TeP4 4,00 3,60 fossa supraspinatus, medium edge scapula TePS 3,90 3,50 upper lateral at costochondral junction rib 2
TeP6 3,60 4,30 2 cm distal of the epicondylus lateralis TeP7 6,10 7,40 at the medium side of the knee TeP8 8,90 7,20 posterior of prominentia trochanterica TeP9 6,20 4,50 in upper exterior quadrant
44,50 43,40
0,12 4,94 4,82
MPI 4,88
The calculation of an individual MPI is essential for the following reasons:
I. pain is subjective and has to be assessed objectively and individually.
2. when, as in the example above, a palpation pressure of 2 kg is used, a lot of muscle indications will be missed, as for this person too little pressure is given. When, on the other hand, a palpation pressure of 6 kg is used, this is too high for this person and a lot of false positive results will be registered.
3. when diagnosing myofascial dysfunctions, this MPI is determining whether we are dealing with active TPs, latent TPs or with False positive TPs. This information is essential as to stipulate the way of treatment.
Myofascial dysfunctions
In function of the pain region (dr. Chapter 4) and the already determined MPI we measure the Trigger Points that are considered.
In function of the individual pain index we can automatically read whether a Trigger Point is active, latent or falsely positive. A TP is active when it has a lower score than the MPI and is attended with the typical referred pain . A TP is latent with a lower score than the MPI but without radiation. A TP is falsely positive when it has referred pain with a score higher than the MPI or when the patient experiences a non-recognizable referred pain with a score lower than the MPI.
Conclusions.
It is useless to apply algometrics without determining a Myofascial Pain Index. The interpretation of the measurements can only be objectified in function of the patient himself.
10
Face - Upper Cheek & Jaw
pain focus referred pai n
Masseter Tempora l is (3 anterior TPs) Pterygoideus Lateralis Sternocleidomastoideus (sternal) Zygomaticus Major Masseter Sternocleidomastoideus (sternal) Orbicularis Oculi Soleus (Iat UTP) Platysma
Pterygoideus Medialis
Masseter Temporal is Pterygoideus Medial is Sternocleidomastoideus Digastricus Pterygoideus Lateral is
Pterygoideus Lateral is Zygomaticus Major Sternocleidomastoideus (sternal) Scalenus
Trapezius Levator Scapulae Splenius Cervicis Pectoralis Major Masseter Temporalis Orbicularis Ocul i Occipitofrontal is
Soleus Gastrocnemius Tibial is Posterior Hal iucis Longus Flexor Digitorum Longus Gluteus Minimus Tibial is Anterior Extensor Digitorum Longus Extensor Hal iucis Longus Peroneus Tertius
Secundary associated chains
Masseter Pterygoideus Lateralis Pterygoideus Medialis Temporalis Sternocleidomastoideus
Sternocleidomastoideus Masseter Temporal is
1 2
Face - Lower Cheek & jaw
pain focus
Masseter Trapezius (TP1)
Masseter
Trapezius (TP 1 )
Masseter
referred pain
Sternocleidomastoideus (sternal) Digastricus Platysma Pterygoideus Medial is
Temporal is Pterygoideus Med ial is Sternocleidomastoideus (sternal) Digastricus Pterygoideus Lateral is (inferior) Levator Scapulae Trapezius (contralatera l ) Supraspinatus Rhomboideus Major Rhomboideus Minor Pectoral is Major Scalenus Temporalis Occipitofrontal is
Secundary associated chains
Digastricus Sternocleidomastoideus
1 3
Eye
pain focus referred pain
Masseter Suboccipital Occipitofrontalis (UTP) Temporalis (anterior TP) Splenius Cervicis (UTP) Trapezius (TP1 ) Sternocleidomastoideus (sternal) Orbicularis Oculi
Masseter Temporalis Pterygoideus Med ial is Sternocleidomastoideus (sternal) Digastricus Pterygoideus Lateralis (inferior)
Occi pitofrontal is Splenius Cervicis Sternocleidomastoideus
Trapezius (TP1 ) Splenius Capitis Suboccipita l
Sternocleidomastoideus (sternal ) Scalenus Trapezius Levator Scapulae Splenius Cervicis Pectoral is Major Masseter Temporal is Orbicularis Ocu li Occi p itofronta l is
Orbicularis Oculi
Primary associated chains
Sternocleidomastoideus (sternal) Masseter Splenius Cervicis (UTP) Orbicularis Oculi
Secundary associated chains
Masseter Temporalis (anterior TP) Sternocleidomastoideus (sternal)
Sternocleidomastoideus (sternal) Temporalis (anterior TP) Trapezius (TP1 )
Splenius Cervicis (UTP) SL\boccipital Trapezius (TP1 )
1 4
Ear - TMJ
pain focus . referred pain
Masseter Splenius Cervi cis (UTP) Pterygoideus Medialis Pterygoideus Lateralis Sternocleidomastoideus (clavicular)
Masseter
Pterygoideus Medial is Pterygoideus Lateralis Sternocleidomastoideus
Masseter
Temporalis Pterygoideus Med ial is Sternocleidomastoideus Digastricus Pterygoideus Lateral is
Scalenus Trapezius Levator Scapulae Splenius Cervicis Pectoral is Major Masseter Temporal is Orbicularis Ocul i Occipitofrontalis
Primary associated chains
Sternocleidomastoideus Pterygoideus Medialis Pterygoideus Lateralis
1 5
Teeth
pain focus referred pain
Temporalis (TP1) (upper incisor teeth) Sternocleidomastoideus Temporalis (TP2) (upper premolar teeth) Temporalis (TP3) (upper molar teeth) Digastricus (anterior part)
(lower incisor teeth) Masseter (superficial part)
(upper molar teeth) Masseter (superficial part)
(lower molar teeth)
Temporalis Masseter (other side) Pterygoideus Lateralis Pterygoideus Medial is Trapezius Sternocleidomastoideus
Digastricus Masseter Temporalis
Masseter Temporalis Pterygoideus Medial is Sternocleidomastoideus Digastricus Pterygoideus Lateral is
Primary associated chains
Masseter
Digastricus
Temporalis
Digastricus Temporalis Masseter Temporalis
Secundary associated chains
Masseter Sternocleidomastoideus
1 6
pain focus
Digastricus Sternocleidomastoideus (sterna/)
Digastricus
Sternocieidomastoideus
Throat
referred pain
Pterygoideus Medial is
Masseter Temporal is Scalenus Trapezius Levator Scapulae Splenius Cervicis Pectoral is Major Masseter Temporalis Orbicularis Ocu l i Occipitofrontalis
1 7
Head - Frontal
pain focus referred pain
Masseter Semispinalis Capitis Occipitofrontalis Splenius Cervicis (UTP) Sternocleidomastoideus (clavicular) Suboccipital Zygomaticus Major Temporalis (anterior 2 TPs)
Sternocleidomastoideus Scalenus Trapezius Levator Scapulae Splenius Cervicis Pectoral is Major Masseter Temporal is Orbicularis Oculi Occipitofrontalis
Zygomaticus Major Occipitofrontalis Masseter Temporalis
Pterygoideus Medialis Sternocleidomastoideus (sternal) Digastricus Pterygoideus Lateralis (inferior)
Temporalis Masseter (other side) Pterygoideus Lateralis Pterygoideus Medialis Trapezius Sternocleidomastoideus
Primary associated chains
Temporal is Sternocleidomastoideus Masseter
Sternocleidomastoideus Masseter Occipitofrontalis Temporal is
Masseter Temporal is / Sternocleidomastoideus
1 8
Head - Occipita l
pain focus referred pain
Sternocleidomastoideus Semispinalis Capitis Semispinalis Cervicis Temporalis ( Post TP) Trapezius (TP1,2,3) I nfraspinatus (Upper 2 TPs) Digastricus (Post TP) Occipitofrontal is
Splenius Cervicis (UTP) Suboccipital
Sternocleidomastoideus Scalenus Trapezius Levator Scapulae Splenius Cervicis Pectoral is Major Masseter Temporalis Orbicularis Oculi Occipitofrontal is
Semispinal is Cervicis Multifidus (neck) Splenius Cervicis Semispinalis Capitis Levator Scapulae Sternocleidomastoideus
Trapezius (TP1,2,3) Levator Scapulae Trapezius (contralateral) Supraspinatus Rhomboideus Major Rhomboideus Minor Pectoralis Major Scalenus Temporalis Occipitofrontal is
Digastricus Masseter Temporal is
1 9
Secundary associated chains
Semispinalis Cervicis Semispinal is Capitis Sternocleidomastoideus Splenius Cervicis
Sternocleidomastoideus Splenius Cervicis Temporal is Trapezius (TP1 ,2,3)
Trapezius (TP1 ,2,3) Trapezius (contralateral) Temporalis Occipitofrontalis
/
20
Head - Temporal /
pain focus referred pain
Sternocleidomastoideus (Sternal) Masseter Semispinalis Capitis Splenius Cervicis Occipitofrontalis Suboccipital Temporalis Trapezius (TP1) Masseter (superficial lower 2 TPs)
Sternocleidomastoideus Scalenus Trapezius Levator Scapulae Splenius Cervicis Pectoralis Major Masseter Temporalis Orbicularis Oculi Occipitofrontal is
Semispinalis Capitis Levator Scapulae Semispinal is Cervicis Splenius Cervi cis Sternocleidomastoideus Multifidus (neck)
Occi pitofronta l is Suboccipital Trapezius
Sternocleidomastoideus Splenius Capitis Splenius Cervicis
. Semispinal is Capitis Semispinalis Cervicis Levator Scapulae Multifidus (neck)
Temporal is Masseter (other side) Pterygoideus Lateral is Pterygoideus Medialis Trapezius Sternocleidomastoideus
21
Trapezius Levator Scapulae Trapezius (contralatera l ) Supraspinatus Rhomboideus Major Rhomboideus Minor Pectoral is Major Scalenus Temporal is Occipitofrontalis
Masseter Temporal is Pterygoideus Medial is Sternocleidomastoideus (sternal ) D igastricus Pterygoideus Lateral is (inferior)
Primary associated chains
Suboccipital Semispinal is Capitis Sternocleidomastoideus (Sternal ) Trapezius (TP1 )
Sternocleidomastoideus Trapezius (TP1 ) Temporalis Occipitofrontalis Masseter
Trapezius Temporalis Trapezius (contralateral, TP1 ) Occipitofrontalis
Temporal is Sternocleidomastoideus Trapezius (TP1 ) Masseter
Masseter Temporal is Sternocleidomastoideus
Secundary associated chains
Semispinal is Capitis Splenius Cervicis (UTP) Sternocleidomastoideus (Sternal)
Sternocleidomastoideus Masseter Splenius Cervicis (UTP)
22
pain focus
Splenius Capitis
Splenius Capitis
Head - Vertex
referred pain
Sternocleidomastoideus (sternal)
Sternocleidomastoideus Trapezius Splenius Cervicis Suboccipital
23
pain focus
Splenius Cervicis (UTP) Levator Scapulae Multifidus (neck) Trapezius (TP1,2,3)
Splenius Cervicis
Levator Scapulae
Multifidus
Trapezius
Multifidus(neck)
Trapezius
Splenius Cervicis
Neck - Posterior
referred pain
I nfraspinatus (Upper 2TPs) Sternocleidomastoideus (sternal) Suboccipital
Sternocleidomastoideus Trapezius Splenius Capitis Suboccipital Splenius Cervicis Scalenus Levator Scapulae Semispinalis Capitis Semispinal is Cervicis Sternocleidomastoideus Splenius Cervicis Levator Scapulae Trapezius (contralateral) Supraspinatus Rhomboideus Major Rhomboideus Minor Pectoralis Major Scalenus Temporalis Occipitofrontal is
Primary associated chains
Levator Scapulae Splenius Cervicis Levator Scapulae Trapezius (contralatera l , TP1 .2.3)
Secundary associated chains
Suboccipital $ternocleidomastoideus
24
Back - Upper-Thoracic
pain focus referred pain
Levator Scapulae Biceps Brachi i Rhomboideus Minor Rhomboideus Major Scalenus I l iocostalis Thoracis (T6) Trapezius (TP5) Multifidus (neck)
Supraspinatus Trapezius (TP2,3) Triceps Brachi i (caput longum)
Levator Scapulae Splenius Cervicis Scalenus
Rhomboideus Minor Levator Scapulae Trapezius Infraspinatus Pectoral is Major Pectoral is Minor
Scalenus Sternocleidomastoideus Trapezius (TP2 ,3) Splenius Capitis Pectoral is Major Pectoral is Minor Triceps Brachi i (caput longum) Brachial is Brachioradial is Extensor Carpi Radialis Longus Extensor Carpi Radialis Brevis Extensor Digitorum (middle finger) Extensor DiQitorum (rinQ finQer)
Trapezius Levator Scapulae Trapezius (contralateral) Supraspinatus Rhomboideus Major Rhomboideus Minor Pectoral is Major Scalenus Temporal is Occipitofrontalis
25
Primary associated chains
Rhomboideus Minor Levator Scapulae Trapezius (TP4,5)
Trapezius Levator Scapulae Rhomboideus Major Rhomboideus Minor Scalenus Trapezius (contralateral)
Secundary associated chains
Scalenus
26
Back - M id-Thoracic
pain focus referred pain
Rhomboideus Major Multifidus (neck) Rhomboideus Minor Levator Scapulae Scalenus Subscapularis Trapezius (TP4) Trapezius (TP3-TP5) Iliocostalis Thoracis (T6) Infraspinatus (lower medial TP) Latissimus Dorsi (UTP) Multifidus(back) (T3) Serratus Anterior Serratus Posterior Superior
Rhomboideus Major Levator Scapulae Trapezius Infraspinatus Pectoral is Major Pectoral is Minor
Scale'lus Sternocleidomastoideus Trapezius (TP2,3) Splenius Capitis Pectoralis Major Pectoral is Minor Triceps Brachii (caput longum) Brachial is Brachiorad ial is Extensor Carpi Radial is Longus Extensor Carpi Radialis Brevis Extensor Digitorum (middle finger) Extensor Digitorum (ring finger)
Trapezius Levator Scapulae Trapezius (contralateral ) Supraspinatus Rhomboideus Major Rhomboideus M inor Pectoral is Major Scalenus Temporal is Occipitofrontalis
I l iocostal is Thoracis Latissimus Dorsi Quadratus Lumborum Serratus Posterior I nferior Serratus Posterior Superior
27
I nfraspinatus Teres Major Teres Minor Deltoideus (Anterior) Supraspinatus Biceps Brachi i Latissimus Dorsi Subscapularis Pectoral is Major
Latissimus Dorsi Teres Major Triceps Brachi i (caput longum) Rectus Abdominus (UTP) Subscapularis I l iocostal is Thoracis Serratus Anterior Serratus Posterior Inferior Serratus Posterior Superior
Multifidus(back) Latissimus Dorsi Quadratus Lumborum Serratus Posterior I nferior Serratus Posterior Superior
Serratus Anterior Latissimus Dorsi Scalenus Sternocleidomastoideus
Serratus Posterior Superior Scalenus Rhomboideus Major Rhomboideus Minor I l iocostal is Thoracis Longissimus Thoracis Multifidus(neck)
Rhomboideus Minor Levator Scapulae Trapezius Infraspinatus Pectoralis Major Pectoralis Minor
28
Primary associated chains
I l iocostal is Thoracis Latissimus Dorsi Serratus Posterior Superior
Latissimus Dorsi l I iosostal is Thoracis Serratus Anterior Serratus Posterior Superior
Multifidus(back) Latissimus Dorsi Serratus Posterior Superior
Rhomboideus Major Infraspinatus Trapezius
Serratus Anterior Latissimus Dorsi Scalenus
Serratus Posterior Superior Scalenus Rhomboideus Major I l iocostal is Thoracis
Trapezius Rhomboideus Major Scalenus Trapezius (contralateral)
Rhomboideus Minor Trapezius Infraspinatus
Secundary associated chains
Rhomboideus Minor
29
Back - Low-Thoracic
pain focus referred pain
Rectus Abdominus (UTP) Serratus Anterior Iliocostalis Thoracis (UTP - T11) Trapezius (TP3) Serratus Posterior Inferior Latissimus Dorsi(UTP)
Rectus Abdominus Obl iquus Externus Abdominus Adductor Longus Adductor Brevis Adductor Magnus Gracil is
I l iocostal is Thoracis Latissimus Dorsi Quadratus Lumborum Serratus Posterior I nferior Serratus Posterior Superior
Serratus Posterior I nferior I l iocostalis Thoracis Longissimus Thoracis
Latissimus Dorsi Teres Major Triceps Brach i i (caput longum) Rectus Abdominus (UTP) Subscapularis I l iocostal is Thoracis Serratus Anterior Serratus Posterior I nferior Serratus Posterior Superior
Primary associated chains
I l iocostal is Thoracis Latissimus Dorsi Serratus Posterior I nferior
Latissimus Dorsi I l iocostal is Thoracis Rectus Abdominus Serratus Posterior I nferior
30
Back - Lumbar
pain focus referred pain
Multifidus (back) (L2) Serratus Posterior Inferior Quadratus Lumborum (superficial) I l iocostalis Lumborum Longissimus Thoracis (UTP-L 1) Latissimus Dorsi (UTP) Gluteus Medius (med - lat TP) Longissimus Thoracis (UTP- T1 0) Rectus Abdominis (UTP) Iliocostalis Thoracis (UTP - T11) Iliopsoas Soleus (Iat UTP)
Multifidus (back) Latissimus Dorsi Quadratus Lumborum Serratus Posterior Inferior Serratus Posterior Superior
Quadratus Lumborum Quadratus Lumborum (other side) I l iopsoas I l iocostal is Lumborum Obliquus Externus Abdominus Latissimus Dorsi Gluteus Medius Gluteus Minimus
Longissimus Thoracis Latissimus Dorsi Quadratus Lumborum Serratus Posterior I nferior Serratus Posterior Superior
Gluteus Medius (med TP) Pi riformis Gluteus Maximus Gluteus Minimus (Posterior) Tensor Fasciae Latae
Rectus Abdominus Obl iquus Externus Abdominus Adductor Longus Adductor Brevis Adductor Magnus Graci l is
I l iocostalis Thoracis Latissimus Dorsi Quadratus Lumborum Serratus Posterior Inferior Serratus Posterior Superior
31
I l iopsoas Quadratus Lumborum Rectus Abdominus Quadriceps Femoris Rectus Femoris Tensor Fascia Latae Pectineus Semitendinosus Semimembranosus Biceps Femoris Gluteus Maximus Gluteus Medius Gluteus Minimus I l iocostal is Thoracis Longissimus Thoracis I l iocostal is Lumborum Trapezius Splenius Cervicis Levator Scapulae Suboccipital Sternocleidomastoideus Multifidus (neck)
Soleus Gastrocnemius Tibial is Posterior Flexor Hal lucis Longus Flexor Digitorum Longus Gluteus Minimus Tibial is Anterior Extensor Digitorum Longus Extensor Hal lucis Longus Peroneus Tertius
32
Primary associated chains
Quadratus Lumborum I l iopsoas Quadratus Lumborum (other side) Gluteus Medius
I l iopsoas Quadratus Lumborum Longissimus Thoracis Gluteus Medius Rectus Abdominis I l iocostal is Thoracis
Secundary associated chains
Quadratus Lumborum I l iocostal is Lumborum Latissimus Dorsi
I l iopsoas I l iocostalis Lumborum LonQissimus Thoracis
Multifidus (back) Latissimus Dorsi Serratus Posterior I nferior
Longissimus Thoracis Latissimus Dorsi Serratus Posterior Inferior
I l iocostalis Thoracis Latissimus Dorsi
L----Serratus Posterior I nferior
Remark
Eventually we can take the Hamstrings as a key for the low back pain in this region. In this book we didn't take them in the muscle chains.
33
Back - Sacral
pain focus referred pain
Multifidus (back) (S1-S4) Quadratus Lumborum (superficial) Rectus Abdominus (UTP) I l iocostalis Lumborum Piriformis Longissimus Thoracis (UTP - T1 0-1 1 ) Gluteus Medius (Iat TP - med TP) I l iocostal is Thoracis (UTP - T1 1 ) Gluteus Maximus (Iat UTP - med UTP) Soleus (Iat UTP) Quadratus Lumborum (deep) Coccygeus Sphincter Ani Levator Ani Longissimus Thoracis (UTP - L 1) Iliopsoas
Multifidus (back) Latissimus Dorsi Quadratus Lumborum Serratus Posterior Inferior Serratus Posterior Superior
Rectus Abdominus Obl iquus Externus Abdominus Adductor Longus Adductor Brevis Adductor Magnus Gracilis
Piriformis Gluteus Minimus (posterior part) Levator Ani Coccygeus Gluteus Maximus
Gluteus Med ius Piriformis Gluteus Maximus Gluteus Min imus (posterior part) Tensor Fascia latae
Gluteus Maximus Gluteus Medius (posterior part) Gluteus Minimis (posterior part) Biceps Femoris Semitendinosus Semimembranosus Longissimus Thoracis I l iocostal is Thoracis I l iocostalis Lumborum I l iopsoas Quadriceps Femoris Rectus Femoris
34
Soleus Gastrocnemius Tibial is Posterior Flexor Hal lucis Longus Flexor Digitorum Longus Gluteus Minimus Tibial is Anterior Extensor Digitorum Longus Extensor Hal lucis Longus Peroneus Tertius
Quadratus Lumborum Quadratus Lumborum (other side) I l iopsoas I l iocostal is Lumborum Obliquus Externus Abdominus Latissimus Dorsi Gluteus Medius Gluteus Minimus
Coccygeus Sphincter An i Levator Ani Longissimus Thoracis Latissimus Dorsi
Quadratus Lumborum Serratus Posterior Inferior Serratus Posterior Superior
I l iopsoas Quadratus Lumborum Rectus Abdominus Quadriceps Femoris Rectus Femoris Tensor Fascia Latae Pectineus Semitendinosus Semimembranosus Biceps Femoris Gluteus Maximus Gluteus Medius Gluteus Min imus I l iocostal is Thoracis Longissimus Thoracis I l iocostal is Lumborum Trapezius Splenius Cervi cis Levator Scapulae Suboccipital Sternocleidomastoideus Multifidus (neck)
35
Gluteus Medius
Piriformis
Gluteus Maximus
Quadratus Lumborum
I l iopsoas
Gluteus Maximus
Primary associated chains
Gluteus Maximus Piriformis Levator Ani Coccygeus Gluteus Maximus Gluteus Medius Longissimus Thoracis I l iopsoas Quadratus Lumborum (contralateral) I l iopsoas Gluteus Medius Quadratus Lumborum Recus Abdominus Gluteus Maximus Gluteus Medius Longissimus Thoracis
Secundary associated chains
I l iocostalis Thoracis Longissimus Thoracis I l iopsoas
36
Back - SIJ
pain focus referred pain
Multifidus (back) (S1) I l iocostal is Lumborum Rectus Abdominus (UTP) Longissimus Thoracis (UTP) Gluteus Medius (med TP - lat TP) Quadratus Lumborum (superficial) Quadratus Lumborum (deep) Soleus (Iat UTP) Iliopsoas Longissimus Thoracis (UTP)
Multifidus (back) Latissimus Dorsi Quadratus Lumborum Serratus Posterior Inferior Serratus Posterior Superior
Rectus Abdominus Obliquus Externus Abdominus Adductor Longus Adductor Brevis Adductor Magnus Gracil is
Gluteus Medius Piriformis Gluteus Maximus Gluteus Minimus (posterior part) Tensor Fasciae latae
Quadratus Lumborum Quadratus Lumborum (other side) I l iopsoas I l iocostal is Lumborum Obl iquus Externus Abdominus Latissimus Dorsi Gluteus Medius Gluteus Minimus
Soleus Gastrocnemius Tibial is Posterior Flexor Hallucis Longus Flexor Digitorum Longus Gluteus Minimus Tib ia l is Anterior Extensor Digitorum Longus Extensor Hal lucis Longus Peroneus Tertius
37
I l iopsoas Quadratus Lumborum Rectus Abdominus Quadriceps Femoris Rectus Femoris Tensor Fascia Latae Pectineus Semitendinosus Semimembranosus B iceps Femoris Gluteus Maximus Gluteus Medius Gluteus Minimus I l iocostalis Thoracis Longissimus Thoracis I l iocostal is Lumborum Trapezius Splenius Cervicis Levator Scapulae Suboccipital Sternocleidomastoideus Mu ltifidus (neck)
Longissimus Thoracis Latissimus Dorsi Quadratus Lumborum Serratus Posterior Inferior Serratus Posterior Superior
Primary associated chains
Quadratus Lumborum Gluteus Medius Iliopsoas Quadratus Lumborum (contralateral)
I l iopsoas Rectus Abdominus Quadratus Lumborum Gluteus Medius LonQissimus Thoracis
Secundary associated chains
I l iopsoas Longissimus Thoracis i l iocostalis Lumborum
Quadratus Lumborum Quadratus Lumborum (contralateral ) I l iocostal is Lumborum
38
Back - Coccyx
pain focus
Gluteus Maximus Gluteus Medius (Iat TP - med TP) Multifidus (S1 - S4) Obturatorius Internus Levator Ani Coccygeus Sphincter Ani
Gluteus Maximus
Gluteus Medius
Gluteus Medius
Multifidus
Obturatorius I nternus Levator Ani Coccygeus Sphincter Ani
referred pain
Gluteus Medius Gluteus Minimus Biceps Femoris Semitendinosus Semimembranosus Longissimus Thoracis I l iocostal is Thoracis I l iocostal is Lumborum I l iopsoas Quadriceps Femoris Rectus Femoris Piriformis Gluteus Maximus Gluteus Minimus Tensor Fascia latae Pi riformis Gluteus Maximus Gluteus Minimus Tensor Fascia latae Latissimus Dorsi Quadratus Lumborum Serratus Posterior I nferior Serratus Posterior Superior
39
Shoulder - Anterior
pain focus referred pain
Biceps Brachii Brachialis Coracobrachialis Latissimus Dorsi Deltoideus (ant TP - mid TP) Sternalis Infraspinatus (Iat TP - med TP) Subclavius Pectoralis Minor Teres Major Pectoralis Major (clavicular) Subscapularis Scalenus Pectoralis Major (sternal) Supraspinatus
Biceps Brachi i Brachial is Supinator Triceps Brachii Deltoideu
·s
Supraspinatus Trapezius Coracobrachial is
Coracobrachialis Deltoideus Biceps Brachii Supraspinatus Triceps Brachii
Deltoideus (anterior) I nfraspinatus Supraspinatus
anterior part: Pectoralis Major (clavicular part) Biceps Brachii Deltoideus (posterior part)
Infraspinatus Teres Major Teres Minor Deltoideus Anterior Supraspinatus Biceps Brachii Latissimus Dorsi Subscapularis Pectoral is Major
Pectoral is M inor Pectoralis Major Deltoideus (anterior part) Scalenus Sternocleidomastoideus Sternal is
40
Pectoral is Major (clavicular & sternal) Deltoideus (anterior part) Coracobrachial is Sternal is Sternocleidomastoideus Scalenus Serratus Anterior Rhomboideus Major Rhomboideus Minor Trapezius (middle part) Subscapularis Teres Minor Deltoideus (posterior part)
Scalenus Sternocleidomastoideus Trapezius (upper part) Splenius Capitis Pectoral is Major Pectoral is Minor Triceps Brachii (caput longum) Brachialis Brachioradialis Extensor Carpi Radialis Longus Extensor Carpi Radial is Brevis Extensor Digitorum (middle finger) Extensor Digitorum (ring finger)
Supraspinatus Infraspinatus Trapezius (upper & middle part) Deltoideus Latissimus Dorsi
4 1
Primary associated chains
Biceps Brachi i Coracobrachialis Deltoideus (anterior) Supraspinatus
Coracobrachial is Biceps Brachii Deltoideus (anterior) Supraspinatus
Deltoideus Biceps Brachii I nfraspinatus Pectoral is Major (clavicular) Supraspinatus
Infraspinatus Biceps Brachii Deltoideus (anterior) Pectoral is Major (clavicular & sternal) Supraspinatus
Supraspinatus Deltoideus Infraspinatus
Scalenus Pectoral is Major (clavicular & sternal) Pectoral is Minor
Pectoral is Major Coracobrachialis Deltoideus (anterior) Scalenus
Pectoral is Minor Deltoideus (anterior) Pectoral is Major (clavicular & sternal ) Scalenus
Secundary associated chains
I nfraspinatus Teres Major Latissimus Dorsi Subscapularis Pectoral is Major
Pectoral is Major Sternalis Subscapularis
Pectoral is Minor Sternalis Pectoral is Major
42
Shou lder - Posterior
pain focus referred pain
Deltoideus (post TP - mid TP) l I iocostalisThoracis Serratus Posterior Superior Latissimus Dorsi Subscapularis Levator Scapulae Supraspinatus Scalenus Teres Major Biceps Brachii Teres Minor Trapezius (TP 3 & TP 6) Triceps Brachii (caput longum) Infraspinatus (/at TP - med TP)
Deltoideus (posterior) Infraspinatus Supraspinatus
posterior part: Triceps Brachii (caput longum) Latissimus Dorsi Teres Major Deltoideus (anterior part)
Serratus Posterior Superior Scalenus Rhomboideus Major Rhomboideus Minor I l iocostalis Thoracis Longissimus Thoracis Multifidus (neck)
Subscapularis Teres Major Latissimus Dorsi Pectoral is Major I nfraspinatus Teres Minor Triceps Brachii (caput longum) Deltoideus (posterior)
Supraspinatus Infraspinatus Trapezius (upper & middle part) Deltoideus Latissimus Dorsi
Teres Major Triceps Brachii (caput longum) Latissimus Dorsi Deltoideus (posterior) Teres Minor Subscapularis
43
Teres M inor Infraspinatus Latissimus Dorsi Deltoideus (posterior) Teres Major Subscapularis Supraspinatus Biceps Brachi i
Trapezius (TP 3 & TP 6) Levator Scapulae Trapezius (contralateral) Supraspinatus Rhomboideus Major Rhomboideus Minor Pectoralis Major Scalenus Temporal is Occipitofrontalis
Triceps Brachii (caput longum) Latissimus Dorsi Teres Major Teres Minor Anconeus Supinator Brachioradialis Extensor Carpi Radialis Longus
I nfraspinatus Teres Major Teres Minor Deltoideus Anterior Supraspinatus Biceps Brachii Latissimus Dorsi Subscapularis Pectoralis Major
44
Primary associated chains
Trapezius Supraspinatus Trapezius (contralateral)
Supraspinatus Deltoideus (posterior) Trapezius Infraspinatus
Teres Major Deltoideus (posterior) Subscapularis Teres Minor Triceps Brachii (caput Longum)
Teres Minor Deltoideus (posterior) Subscapularis Supraspinatus Teres Major Infraspinatus
Subscapularis Deltoideus (posterior) Teres Major Teres Minor Triceps Brachii (caput longum) Infraspinatus
Triceps Brachii Teres Major Teres Minor
Deltoideus Supraspinatus Teres Major Triceps Brachii (caput longum) Infraspinatus
Secundary associated chains
Serratus Posterior Superior Scalenus I l iocostal is Thoracis
Trapezius Levator Scapulae Scalenus
Teres Minor Biceps Brachii Latissimus Dorsi
45
Shou lder - Lateral
pain focus referred pain
Coracobrachialis Deltoideus (posterior part) Supraspinatus Deltoideus (anterior part) Teres Major Scalenus Deltoideus (middle part) Teres Minor Infraspinatus Levator Scapulae (UTP) Subscapularis Latissimus Dorsi (UTP) Serratus Posterior Superior Pectoralis Minor Pectoralis Major (clav) Scalenus
Coracobrachial is Deltoideus Biceps Brach i i Supraspinatus Triceps Brachii
Supraspinatus Infraspinatus Trapezius (upper & middle part) Deltoideus Latissimus Dorsi
Teres Major Triceps Brachii (caput longum) Latissimus Dorsi Deltoideus (posterior) Teres Minor Subscapularis
Deltoideus (middle) I nfraspinatus Supraspinatus
Infraspinatus Teres Major Teres Minor Deltoideus Supraspinatus B iceps Brachii Latissimus Dorsi Subscapularis Pectoralis Major
Subscapularis Teres Major Latissimus Dorsi Pectoralis Major I nfraspinatus Teres Minor Triceps Brachi i (caput longum) Deltoideus (posterior)
46
Serratus Posterior Superior Scalenus Rhomboideus Major Rhomboideus Minor I l iocostalis Thoracis Longissimus Thoracis Multifidus (neck)
Pectoralis Major (clavicular & sternal) Deltoideus Coracobrachial is Sternalis Sternocleidomastoideus Scalenus Serratus Anterior Rhomboideus Major Rhomboideus Minor Trapezius (middle part) Subscapularis Teres Minor
Pectoralis M inor Pectoral is Major Deltoideus Scalenus Sternocleidomastoideus Sternal is
Scalenus Sternocleidomastoideus Trapezius (upper part) Splenius Capitis Pectoral is Major Pectoral is Minor Triceps Brach i i (caput longum) Brachialis Brachioradialis Extensor Carpi Radial is Longus Extensor Carpi Radial is Brevis Extensor Digitorum (middle finger) Extensor Digitorum (ring finger)
47
Primary associated chains
Supraspinatus Deltoideus Infraspinatus
Deltoideus Infraspinatus Supraspinatus
Coracobrachialis Deltoideus Supraspinatus
Teres Major Deltoideus Subscapularis
I nfraspinatus Teres Major Deltoideus Supraspinatus Subscapularis Pectoral is Major
Subscapularis Teres Major Pectoral is Major I nfraspinatus Deltoideus
Pectoralis Major (clavicular & sternal) Deltoideus Coracobrachialis Scalenus Subscapularis
Pectoral is Minor Pectoral is Major Deltoideus Scalenus
Scalenus Pectoral is Major Pectoral is Minor
Secundary associated chains
Teres Major Deltoideus Latissimus Dorsi Teres M inor
Supraspinatus Deltoideus Latissimus Dorsi
I nfraspinatus Teres Minor Deltoideus Latissimus Dorsi
Subscapularis Teres Minor Deltoideus Latissimus Dorsi
Pectoral is Major Teres Minor Deltoideus
48
Upperarm - Anterior
pain focus referred pain
Biceps Brachii Brachialis Scalenus I nfraspinatus ( upper 2 TPs) Subclavius Latissimus Dorsi Triceps Brachii (caput mediale) Pectoral is Major (sternal & costal)
Pectoralis Minor Serratus Anterior Serratus Posterior Superior Sternalis Supraspinatus Deltoideus (ant - mid) Subscapu laris
Biceps Brachii Brachial is Supinator Triceps Brachi i Deltoideus Supraspinatus Trapezius Coracobrachial is
Scalenus Sternocleidomastoideus Trapezius (upper part) Splenius Capitis Pectoral is Major Pectoral is Minor Triceps Brachi i (caput longum) Brachial is Brachioradialis Extensor Carpi Radialis Longus Extensor Carpi Radial is Brevis Extensor Digitorum (middle finger) Extensor Digitorum (ring finger)
Subclavius Triceps Brachii Latissimus Dorsi
Teres Major Teres M inor Anconeus Supinator Brachioradialis Extensor Carpi Radial is Longus
49
Secundary associated chains
Scalenus Brachialis Pectoralis Major Pectoral is Minor Triceps Brachii
Biceps Brachii Brachial is Supraspinatus Triceps Brachii Deltoideus
50
Upperarm - Posterior
pain focus referred pain
Coracobrachialis Deltoideus (ant - post) Scalenus Latissimus Dorsi (UTP) Triceps Brachii (caput laterale) Levator Scapulae (UTP) Supraspinatus Serratus Posterior Superior
Subscapularis Teres Minor Triceps Brachii (caput longum) Infraspinatus (upper 2 Tps) Teres Major
Coracobrachial is Deltoideus Biceps Brach i i Supraspinatus Triceps Brachi i
Scalenus Sternocleidomastoideus Trapezius (upper part) Splenius Capitis Pectoral is Major Pectoral is Minor Triceps Brachii (caput longum) Brachial is Brachioradial is Extensor Carpi Radial is Longus Extensor Carpi Radialis Brevis Extensor Digitorum (middle finger) Extensor Digitorum (ring finger)
Triceps Brachi i Latissimus Dorsi Teres Major Teres Minor Anconeus Supinator Brachioradialis Extensor Carpi Radialis Longus
Supraspinatus Infraspinatus Trapezius (upper & middle part) Deltoideus Latissimus Dorsi
51
Primary associated chains
Coracobrachialis
Secundary associated chains
Coracobrachial is Deltoideus Triceps Brachi i
Supraspinatus I nfraspinatus Deltoideus Latissimus Dorsi
Triceps Brachii Latissimus Dorsi Teres Major Teres Minor
52
Upperarm - Latera l
pain focus referred pain
Scalenus . I nfraspinatus Teres Major Deltoideus Triceps Brachii (caput latera/e) Supraspinatus
Teres Minor Triceps Brachii (caput longum) Levator Scapulae
Scalenus Sternocleidomastoideus Trapezius (upper part) Splenius Capitis Pectoralis Major Pectoralis Minor Triceps Brachii (caput longum) Brachial is Brachioradialis Extensor Carpi Radial is Longus Extensor Carpi Radialis Brevis Extensor Digitorum (middle finger) Extensor Digitorum (ring finger)
Teres Major Triceps Brachii (caput longum) Latissimus Dorsi Deltoideus (posterior) Teres Minor Subscapularis
Triceps Brachii (caput laterale) Latissimus Dorsi Teres Major Teres M inor Anconeus Supinator Brachioradial is Extensor Carpi Radialis Longus
Secundary associated chains
Teres Major Deltoideus Teres Minor Triceps Brachii
53
Elbow - Epicondylus Latera l is
pain focus referred pain
Anconeus I nfraspinatus (upper 2 TPs) Brachioradialis Subclavius Extensor Carpi Radialis Longus Teres Major Extensor Digitorum (ring finger) Deltoideus (anterior & posterior) Serratus Posterior Superior Supinator Supraspinatus Triceps Brachii (caput mediale & longum)
Anconeus Triceps Brachii Supinator Brachioradialis Extensor Carpi Radialis Longus
Brachioradial is Extensor Carpi Radial is Longus Extensor Carpi Radialis Brevis Extensor Digitorum (middle finger) Extensor Digitorum (ring finger) Supinator Triceps Brachii (caput longum & mediale)
Extensor Carpi Rad ial is Longus Extensor Carpi Radialis Brevis Scalenus Pectoral is Minor
Extensor Digitorum (ring finger) Supinator Brachioradial is Extensor Digitorum (middle finger) Extensor Carpi Radialis Longus Extensor Carpi Ulnaris
Serratus Posterior Superior Scalenus Rhomboideus Major Rhomboideus Minor I l iocostalis Thoracis Longissimus Thoracis Multifidus (neck)
Supinator Triceps Brachii Extensor Carpi Radialis Longus Extensor Carpi Radial is Brevis Anconeus Brachial is Biceps Brachii Palmaris LonQus
54
Supraspinatus
Triceps Brachi i
Triceps Brachii
Anconeus
Brachioradialis
Infraspinatus Trapezius (upper & middle part ) Deltoideus Latissimus Dorsi Latissimus Dorsi Teres Major Teres Minor Anconeus Supinator Brachiorad ial is Extensor Carpi Radial is Longus
Primary associated chains
Anconeus Brachiorad ial is Supinator Extensor Carpi Radialis Longus Brachioradial is Extensor Carpi Radial is Longus Supinator Triceps Brachii Extensor Carpi Radialis Longus Extensor Digitorum (ring finger) Supinator Triceps Brachii
Extensor Digitorum (ring finger) Brachioradialis
Supinator
Supraspinatus
Extensor Carpi Radial is Longus Supinator Anconeus Extensor Carpi Radial is Longus Triceps Brachi i
Secundary associated chains
55
Infraspinatus Deltoideus
Elbow - Epicondylus Medial is
pain focus referred pain
Triceps Brachii (caput mediale) Pectoral is Minor Pectoralis Major (sternal part) Sternal is
Serratus Anterior Serratus Posterior Superior
Triceps Brachii Latissimus Dorsi Teres Major Teres Minor Anconeus Supinator Brachioradial is Extensor Carpi Radial is Longus
Pectoral is Major Deltoideus (anterior part) Coracobrachialis Sternalis Sternocleidomastoideus Scalenus Serratus Anterior Rhomboidei Trapezius (middle part) Subscapularis Teres Minor Deltoideus (posterior part)
Secundary associated chains
Pectoral is Major Sternalis Serratus Anterior
56
Elbow - Olecranon
pain focus referred pain
Triceps Brachii (caput mediale & longum) Scalenus Serratus Posterior Superior Latissimus Dorsi Supraspinatus Supinator Extensor Carpi Radialis Longus
Triceps Brachi i Latissimus Dorsi Teres Major Teres Minor Anconeus Supinator Brachioradialis Extensor Carpi Radialis Longus
Serratus Posterior Superior Scalenus Rhomboideus Major Rhomboideus Minor I l iocostal is Thoracis Longissimus Thoracis Multifidus (neck)
Supinator Triceps Brachi i Extensor Carpi Radial is Longus Extensor Carpi Radialis Brevis Anconeus Brachialis B iceps Brachi i Palmaris Longus
Supraspinatus Infraspinatus Trapezius (upper & middle part ) Deltoideus Latissimus Dorsi
Extensor Carpi Radial is Longus Extensor Carpi Radialis Brevis Scalenus Pectoralis Minor
Primary associated chains
Triceps Brachi i Extensor Carpi Radial is Longus Supinator
Supinator Triceps Brachii Extensor Carpi Radialis Longus
57
.E lbow - Antecubital
pain focus referred pain
Biceps Brachii Brachialis Supinator I nfraspinatus
Biceps Brachii Brachialis Supinator Triceps Brachii Deltoideus Supraspinatus Trapezius Coracobrachial is
Supinator Triceps Brachii Extensor Carpi Radialis Longus Extensor Carpi Radial is Brevis Anconeus Brachial is Biceps Brachii Palmaris Longus
Secundary associated chains
Biceps Brachii Supinator Brachial is
Supinator Brachialis Biceps Brachii
58
pain focus
Pectoralis Major (sternal)
Pectoralis Major
Forearm - Volar
referred pain
Subclavius Flexor Carpi Radial is Flexor Carpi U lnaris I nfraspinatus Latissimus Dorsi Palmaris Longus Pectoralis Major Pectoralis M inor Pronator Teres Scalenus Serratus Anterior Serratus Posterior Superior Supraspinatus Triceps Brachi i (caput mediale) Brachioradialis
59
Deltoideus (anterior part) Coracobrachialis Sternalis Sternocleidomastoideus Scalenus Serratus Anterior Rhomboidei Trapezius (middle part) Subscapularis Teres Minor Deltoideus (posterior part)
Forearm - Dorsal
pain focus referred pain
Coracobrachialis Brachioradialis Subclavius Extensor Carpi Radial is Brevis
Extensor Carpi Radial is Longus Extensor Digitorum (middle finger) Extensor Digitorum (ring finger) I nfraspinatus Latissimus Dorsi Levator Scapulae Scalenus Serratus Posterior Superior Supraspinatus Teres Major Triceps Brachii
Coracobrachialis Deltoideus Biceps Brachii Supraspinatus Triceps Brachii
Subclavius
Secundary associated chains
Coracobrachial is
60
Forearm-Rad ial
pain focus referred pain
Subclavius Brachioradial is Infraspinatus Scalenus Supraspinatus Triceps Brachii Pronator Teres Flexor Carpi Radialis
I Subclavius
61
pain focus
Pectoralis Major (sternal)
Pectoral is Major
Forearm - Ulnar
referred pain
Teres Major Triceps Brachii Flexor Carpi Ulnaris Serratus Anterior Pectoralis Major Pectoralis Minor Latissimus Dorsi Levator Scapulae Serratus Posterior Superior Palmaris Longus Extensor Carpi Radial is Longus Extensor Carpi Radialis Brevis Extensor Digitorum (rinQ finQer)
Deltoideus (anterior part) Coracobrachial is Sternalis Sternocleidomastoideus Scalenus Serratus Anterior Rhomboidei Trapezius (middle part) Subscapularis Teres Minor Deltoideus (posterior part)
62
Hand Dorsal side & Wrist
pain focus referred pain
Brachialis Extensor Digitorum (ring finger) Brachioradialis Extensor Digitorum (middle finger) Coracobrachialis Extensor Carpi Radialis Longus Extensor Carpi Radialis Brevis Latissimus Dorsi (UTP) Extensor Carpi Ulnaris Levator Scapulae (UTP) Extensor Indicis Scalenus Scalenus Subclavius Serratus Posterior Superior Supraspinatus Subscapularis Infraspinatus (upper 2 TPs) Supinator Triceps Brachi i (caput longum)
Interosseus Dorsalis 1 Abductor Digiti Minimi
Brachialis Biceps Brachii Brach ioradialis Supinator Adductor Pollicis
Brachioradial is Extensor Carpi Radialis Longus Extensor Carpi Radial is Brevis Extensor Digitorum (middle finger) Extensor Digitorum (ring finger) Supinator Triceps Brachii
Coracobrachial is Deltoideus Biceps Brachi i Supraspinatus Triceps Brachii
Extensor Carpi Rad ial is Brevis Extensor Carpi Radial is Longus Scalenus Pectoral is Minor
Scalenus Sternocleidomastoideus Trapezius (upper part) Splenius Capitis Pectoral is Major Pectoral is M inor Triceps Brachii (caput longum) Brachial is Brachioradialis Extensor Carpi Radialis Longus Extensor Carpi Radial is Brevis Extensor Digitorum (middle finger) Extensor Digitorum (ring finger)
63
Serratus Posterior Superior Scalenus Rhomboideus Major Rhomboideus Minor I l iocostalis Thoracis Longissimus Thoracis Multifidus (neck)
Supinator Triceps Brachii Extensor Carpi Radial is Longus Extensor Carpi Radialis Brevis Anconeus Brachialis B iceps Brachii Palmaris Longus
Extensor Carpi Ulnaris Extensor Digitorum (ring finger) Extensor Indicis Supinator
Brachioradial is Extensor Carpi Radial is Longus Extensor Carpi Ulnaris
Subscapularis Deltoideus(posterior) Teres Major Teres Minor Triceps Brachii(caput longum) Latissimus Dorsi Pectoralis Major Infraspinatus
64
Primary associated chains
Brachial is Brachioradial is Supinator
Brachioradialis Extensor Carpi Rad ial is Brevis Supinator
Supinator Brachial is Extensor Carpi Rad ial is Brevis
Extensor Indicis Brachioradial is Extensor Carpi Ulnaris Supinator
Scalenus Brachial is Brachioradialis Extensor Carpi Radialis Brevis
Secundary associated chains
Brachioradial is Extensor Carpi Radial is Longus Extensor Digitorum (ring finger) Extensor Diqitorum (middle finger)
Extensor Carpi Rad ial is Brevis Extensor Carpi Radial is Longus Scalenus
Subscapularis Latissimus Dorsi I nfraspinatus Triceps Brachii
Supinator Extensor Carpi Radial is Longus Triceps Brachii
Scalenus Extensor Carpi Radial is Longus Triceps Brachii
65
Hand - Wrist - Radial
pain focus referred pain
Brachialis Flexor Pollicis Longus Flexor Carpi Radialis I nfraspinatus Pronator Teres I nterosseus Dorsalis 1 & 2 Supinator Extensor Digitorum (middle finger) Brachioradialis Triceps Brachii (caput longum) Extensor Carpi Radialis Brevis Subclavius Extensor Indicis Extensor Carpi Radial is Longus Opponens Pollicis Supraspinatus Coracobrachialis Subscapularis Scalenus Adductor Pollicis
Brachialis Biceps Brachii Brachiorad ial is Supinator Adductor Poll icis
Flexor Carpi Radialis Flexor Digitorum Superficial is & Profundus Flexor Carpi Ulnaris Flexor Poll icis Longus
Pronator Teres Flexor Carpi Radialis Flexor Carpi Ulnaris Flexor Digitorum Superficial is & Profundus Flexor Pollicis Longus
Supinator Triceps Brachi i Extensor Carpi Radialis Brevis Anconeus Brachial is Biceps Brachii Palmaris Longus
Brachioradial is Extensor Carpi Rad ial is Brevis Extensor Digitorum (middle finger) Extensor Digitorum (ring finger) Supinator Triceps Brachii
Extensor Carpi Rad ial is Brevis Extensor Carpi Radial is Longus Scalenus Pectoralis Minor
66
Extensor Ind icis Supinator Brachioradial is Extensor Carpi Radial is Longus Extensor Carpi Ulnaris
Opponens Pollicis I nterosseus Dorsalis 1 & 2 Adductor Poll icis
Coracobrachial is Deltoideus Biceps Brachii Supraspinatus Triceps Brachi i
Subscapularis Deltoideus(posterior) Teres Major Teres Minor Triceps Brachii (caput longum) Latissimus Dorsi Pectoral is Major Infraspinatus
Scalenus Sternocleidomastoideus Trapezius (upper part) Splenius Capitis Pectoral is Major Pectoral is Minor Triceps Brachi i (caput longum) Brachial is Brachioradial is Extensor Carpi Radialis Brevis Extensor Digitorum (middle finger) Extensor DiQitorum (rinQ finQer)
Adductor Poll icis Interosseus Dorsalis 1 & 2 Opponens Poll icis Flexor Poll icis Brevis Abductor Poll icis Brevis
67
Primary associated chains
Brachial is Brachioradialis Supinator Adductor Pollicis
Supinator Extensor Carpi Radialis Longus Extensor Carpi Radial is Brevis Brachial is
Brachioradialis Extensor Carpi Radialis Longus Extensor Carpi Radialis Brevis Supinator
Extensor Carpi Radial is Longus Extensor Carpi Radialis Brevis Scalenus
Extensor Ind icis Supinator Brachioradialis
Scalenus Brachial is Brachioradialis Extensor Carpi Radialis Longus Extensor Carpi Radialis Brevis
Secundary associated chains
Flexor Carpi Radialis Flexor Digitorum Superficialis Flexor Pollicis Longus
Pronator Teres Flexor Carpi Radialis Flexor Pollicis Longus Flexor Digitorum Superficial is
Brachioradialis Triceps Brachii Extensor Digitorum (middle finger)
Opponens Poll icis I nterosseus Dorsalis 1 & 2 Adductor Poll icis
Subscapularis Triceps Brachii(caput longum) Infraspinatus
Scalenus Triceps Brachii (caput longum) Extensor Digitorum (middle finger) Extensor Carpi Radialis Longus
Extensor Carpi Radialis Brevis Extensor Carpi Radialis Longus Scalenus
Coracobrachial is Supraspinatus Triceps Brachii
68
Hand Volar s ide & Wrist
pain focus referred pain
Adductor Pollicis Extensor Digitorum (middle finger) Brachialis Flexor Digitorum Superficia l is & Flexor Carpi Radialis Profundus Flexor Carpi Ulnaris I nfraspinatus Opponens Pollicis I nterosseus Dorsal is 1 & 2 (fingers) Palmaris Longus Latissimus Dorsi Pronator Teres Pectoralis Minor
Serratus Posterior Superior Pectoralis Major (sternal) Serratus Anterior Subclavius Subscapularis F lexor Poll icis Longus Scalenus
Brachia l is Biceps Brachii Brachioradial is Supinator Adductor Poll icis
Adductor Poll icis I nterosseus Dorsal is 1 & 2 Opponens Pollicis Flexor Poll icis Brevis Abductor Pol l icis Brevis
Flexor Carpi Radial is Flexor Digitorum Superficial is & Profundus Flexor Carpi U lnaris Flexor Pol l icis Longus
Flexor Carpi U lnaris Flexor Digitorum Superficial is & Profundus Flexor Carpi Radial is Flexor Pollicis Longus
Opponens Poll icis I nterosseus Dorsal is 1 & 2 Palmaris Longus Abductor Digiti M in im i
Flexor Pollicis Longus Flexor Digitorum Superficial is & Profundus Flexor Carpi Radial is Flexor Carpi Ulnaris
Pronator Teres Flexor Carpi Radial is Flexor Carpi U lnaris Flexor Digitorum Superficial is & Profundus Flexor Poll ici" Longus
69
Serratus Posterior Superior Scalenus Rhomboideus Major Rhomboideus Minor I l iocostalis Thoracis Longissimus Thoracis Multifidus (neck)
Primary associated chains
Pronator Teres Flexor Carpi Radial is Flexor Carpi U lnaris
Palmaris Longus Flexor Carpi Radial is Flexor Carpi Ulnaris
Secundary associated chains
Flexor Carpi Radial is Flexor Carpi Ulnaris Flexor Digitorum Superficia l is & Profundus
Flexor Carpi U lnaris Flexor Digitorum Superficia l is & Profundus Flexor Carpi Radia l is
Palmaris Longus Flexor Poll icis Longus Flexor Digitorum Superficia l is & Profundus
Pronator Teres Flexor Digitorum Superficia l is & Profundus Flexor Pollicis Longus
70
Hand - Wrist - U lnar
pain focus referred pain
Extensor Carpi Ulnaris Extensor Dig itorum (r ing finger) Flexor Carpi Ulnaris Flexor Dig itorum Superficial is Serratus Posterior Superior I nterosseus Dorsalis 1 & 2 Scalenus Abductor Dig iti Minim i Subscapularis Levator Scapulae ( UTP)
Latissimus Dorsi Serratus Anterior Pectoral is M inor Pectoralis Major (sternal ) Triceps Brach i i Extensor Carpi Radialis Brevis
Extensor Carpi U lnaris Extensor Digitorum (ring finger) Flexor Carpi U lnaris Flexor Dig itorum Superficialis &
Profundus Flexor Carpi Radia l is Flexor Pollicis Longus
Serratus Posterior Superior Scalenus Rhomboideus Major Rhomboideus Minor I l iocostalis Thoracis Longissimus Thoracis Multifidus (neck)
Scalenus Sternocleidomastoideus Trapezius (upper part) Splenius Capitis Pectora l is Major Pectora l is M inor Triceps Brachii (caput longum) Brachial is Brachioradialis Extensor Carpi Radial is Brevis Extensor Dig itorum ( m iddle finger) Extensor Digitorum (ring fi nger)
Subscapu laris Deltoideus (posterior) Teres Major Teres Minor Triceps Brachi i (caput longum) Latissimus Dorsi Pectoralis Major I nfraspinatus
71
Secundary associated chains
Subscapularis Latissimus Dorsi Pectoralis Major Triceps Brachii
Scalenus Triceps Brachi i Extensor Carpi Radialis Brevis Pectoral is Minor Extensor Digitorum (ring finger)
72
Fingers - Dorsal
pain focus referred pain
Abductor Digiti Minimi (little finger) Adductor Poll icis (thumb) Brachialis (thumb) Extensor Indicis ( index) Extensor Digitorum (middle finger) Latissimus Dorsi ( l ittle finger, ring finger) Extensor Digitorum (ring finger) Subclavius (thumb, i ndex, middle finger) Interosseus Dorsalis 1 & 2 (thumb, index, Triceps Brachii (caput laterale) (r ing middle finger) finger) Scalenus (thumb & index) Scalenus (all fingers) Serratus Posterior Superior (little finger) I nterosseus Dorsalis 1 & 2 ( little finger)
Coracobrachialis (middle finger) Levator Scapulae (l ittle finger, ring finger) I nfraspinatus
Abductor Digiti Min imi Brachial is B iceps Brachi i
Brachiorad ial is Supinator Adductor Poll icis
Extensor Digitorum (middle finger) Supinator Brachioradial is Extensor Digitorum (ring finger) Extensor Carpi Radial is Longus Extensor Carpi Ulnaris
Extensor Digitorum (ring finger) Supinator Brachioradial is Extensor Digitorum (middle finger) Extensor Carpi Radialis Longus Extensor Carpi Ulnaris
Interosseus Dorsalis 1 & 2 Latissimus Dorsi Pectoral is M inor Pectoralis Major Scalenus Triceps Brachi i Flexor Carpi Radial is Flexor Carpi Ulnaris Flexor Digitorum Superficial is & Profundus Flexor Poll icis Longus Extensor Carpi Rad ial is Brevis Extensor Carpi Radialis Longus Extensor Carpi Ulnaris Extensor Digitorum (middle finger) Extensor Digitorum (ring finger) Extensor Indicis
73
Scalenus Sternocleidomastoideus Trapezius Splenius Capitis Pectoral is Major Pectoral is Minor Triceps Brachii Brachialis Brachioradialis Extensor Carpi Radialis Longus Extensor Carpi Radialis Brevis Extensor Digitorum (middle finger) Extensor Digitorum (ring finger)
Serratus Posterior Superior Scalenus Rhomboideus Major Rhomboideus Minor I l iocostal is Thoracis Longissimus Thoracis Multifidus (neck)
Primary associated chains
Interosseus Dorsalis 1 & 2 Scalenus Extensor Digitorum (middle finger) Extensor Digitorum (ring finger)
Secundary associated chains
I nterosseus Dorsalis 1 & 2 Latissimus Dorsi Triceps Brachii Flexor Poll icis Longus Extensor I ndicis
74
Fingers - Volar
pain focus referred pain
Flexor Pollicis Longus (thumb) Subclavius (thumb, index, middle finger) Flexor Digitorum Superficialis & I nfraspinatus ( index, m iddle finger) Profundus (little finger, ring finger, Adductor Pollicis (thumb) middle finger) Serratus Anterior (l ittle finger, ring Opponens Pollicis (thumb) finger) Serratus Posterior Superior Pectoral is Major (sternal) ( l ittle finger,
ring finger, middle finger) Pectoral is Minor ( l ittle finger, ring finger, middle finger) Triceps Brachii (caput mediale)
( l ittle finger, ring finger) Latissimus Dorsi ( l ittle finger, ring finger) Interosseus Dorsalis 1
Flexor Pollicis Longus Flexor Digitorum Superficial is & Flexor Carpi Radial is Profundus Flexor Carpi U lnaris
Flexor Poll icis Lonqus Opponens Poll icis (thumb) Adductor Poll icis
I nterosseus Dorsalis 1 I nterosseus Dorsal is 2
Serratus Posterior Superior Scalenus Rhomboideus Major Rhomboideus Minor I l iocostal is Thoracis Longissimus Thoracis Multifidus (neck)
Secundary associated chains
Opponens Poll icis (thumb) Adductor Poll icis I nterosseus Dorsal is 1
75
Chest - Front
pain focus referred pain
Pectoralis Major (sternal, costal) I l iocostal is Thoracis (UTP) Pectoralis Minor Obl iquus Externus Abdominis Sternalis Platysma Subclavius Serratus Posterior Superior Scalenus Sternocleidomastoideus Serratus Anterior Pectoral is Major (clavicular)
Pectoral is Major Deltoideus Coracobrachial is Sternal is Sternocleidomastoideus Sca lenus Serratus Anterior Rhomboideus Major Rhomboideus Minor Trapezius ( m iddle part) Subscapularis Teres Minor
Pectora l is Minor Pectora lis Major Deltoideus (anterior part) Scalenus Sternocleidomastoideus Sternalis
Sternal is Sternocleidomastoideus Pectoralis Major
Subclavius Sca lenus Sternocleidomastoideus
Trapezius (upper part) Splenius Capitis Pectoralis Major Pectoral is Minor Triceps Brachii (caput longum) Brachial is Brachioradialis Extensor Carpi Rad ial is Longus Extensor Carpi Rad ial is Brevis Extensor Digitorum (middle finger) Extensor Digitorum (ring finger)
Serratus Anterior Latissimus Dorsi Scalenus Sternocleidomastoideus
76
Primary associated chains
Pectoralis Minor Pectoral is Major Sternalis Scalenus
Pectoralis Major Scalenus Sternalis
Scalenus Pectoral is Major Pectoral is Minor
Secundary associated chains
Serratus Anterior Sternocleidomastoideus Scalenus
Pectoralis Minor Sternocleidomastoideus Pectoral is Major
Sternalis Sternocleidomastoideus Pectoral is Major
Scalenus Sternocleidomastoideus Pectoral is Major
77
pain focus
Serratus Anterior
Serratus Anterior
Chest - S ide
referred pain
Latissimus Dorsi
Latissimus Dorsi Scalenus Sternocleidomastoideus
78
Abdomen
pain focus referred pain
Rectus Abdominis (Mc Burney) Multifidus ( back) ( L2 , S1 ) Obliquus Externus Abdominis Obliquus Externus Abdomin is Iliocostalis Thoracis (UTP) Quadratus Lumborum (superficial part) Pyramidalis Pect ineus
Latissimus Dorsi Adductor Magnus I liopsoas
Rectus Abdominis Obl iquus Externus Abdominus Adductor Longus Adductor Brevis Adductor Magnus Gracilis
Obliquus Externus Abdominis Rectus Abdomin is Adductor Longus Adductor Brevis Adductor Magnus Gracilis Pectineus
I l iocostalis Thoracis Latissimus Dorsi Quadratus Lumborum Serratus Posterior Superior Serratus Posterior I nferior
Pyramidal is
Secundary associated chains
Rectus Abdominis Obl iquus Externus Abdomin is Adductor Magnus
Obl iquus Externus Abdominis Rectus Abdominis Adductor Magnus
79
Buttock
pain focus referred pain
Gluteus Medius (med TP & mid TP) I l iopsoas Quadratus Lumborum Multifidus ( back) (S1 ) Gluteus Maximus Iliocostalis Lumborum Longissimus Thoracis (UTP) Semimembranosus Semitendinosus Piriformis (lat. TP) Gluteus Minimus Multifidus (back) (S4) Obturatorius Internus Levator Ani Sphincter Ani Coccygeus
Gluteus Medius P iriformis Gluteus Maximus Gluteus Min imus Tensor Fascia latae
Quadratus Lumborum Quadratus Lumborum (other side) I l iopsoas I l iocostal is Lumborum Obl iquus Externus Abdominus Latissimus Dorsi Gluteus Medius Gluteus M in imus
G luteus Maximus Gluteus Medius Gluteus M in imis Biceps Femoris Semitendinosus Semimembranosus Longiss imus Thoracis I l iocostal is Thoracis I l iocostal is Lumborum I l iopsoas Quadriceps Femoris Rectus Femoris
I l iocosta l is Lumborum -Latissimus Dorsi Quadratus Lumborum Serratus Posterior I nferior Serratus Posterior Superior
80
Longissimus Thoracis Latiss imus Dorsi Quadratus Lumborum Serratus Posterior I nferior Serratus Posterior Superior
Semimembranosus Adductor Magnus . Quadriceps Femoris Vastus Lateral is
Quadriceps Femoris Vastus Media l is Quadriceps Femoris Vastus I ntermedius Quadriceps Femoris Rectus Femoris Gastrocnemius Semitendinosus Biceps Femoris I l iopsoas Quadratus Lumborum Rectus Abdomin is I l iocostal is Thoracis I l iocostal is Lumborum Longiss imus Thoracis Multifidus
Semitendinosus Adductor Magnus Quadriceps Femoris Vastus Latera l is Quadriceps Femoris Vastus Media l is Quadriceps Femoris Vastus I ntermedius Quadriceps Femoris Rectus Femoris Gastrocnemius Semimembranosus Biceps Femoris I l iopsoas Quadratus Lumborum Rectus Abdomin is I l iocostal is Thoracis I l iocostal is Lumborum Longiss imus Thoracis Multifidus
Piriformis Gluteus Min imus (posterior part) Levator Ani Coccygeus Gluteus Maximus
Gluteus Min imus Pi riformis Gluteus Maximus Gluteus Medius Quadriceps Femoris Vastus Lateral is Peroneus Longus Quadratus Lumborum Tensor Fasciae Latae
Multifidus (back) Latissimus Dorsi Quadratus Lumborum Serratus Posterior I nferior Serratus Posterior Superior
Obturatorius I nternus Sphincter Ani
81
I Levator Ani Coccygeus
Primary associated chains
Gluteus Medius Pi riformis Gluteus Maximus Gluteus Min imus Tensor Fascia latae
Quadratus Lum borum Quadratus Lumborum (other side) I l iocostal is Lumborum Gluteus Medius Gluteus Minimus
Gluteus Maximus Gluteus Medius Gluteus Min imis Semitendinosus Semimembranosus Longissimus Thoracis I l iocostalis Lumborum
Semitendinosus Semimembranosus Quadratus Lumborum I l iocostalis Lumborum Longissimus Thoracis Multifidus
Semimembranosus Semitend inosus Quadratus Lumborum I l iocostal is Lumborum Longissimus Thoracis Mu ltifidus
Piriform is Gluteus Min imus (posterior part) Levator An i Coccygeus Gluteus Maximus
Gluteus M in imus Pi riformis Gluteus Maximus Gluteus Medius Quadratus Lumborum
Secundary associated chains
Semitend inosus I l iopsoas Multifidus
Semimembranosus I l iopsoas Multifidus
82
Groin
pain focus referred pain
Adductor Brevis . I l iopsoas Adductor Longus Piriformis Adductor Magnus (UTP) Quadratus Lumborum Pectineus Rectus Abdominus Obliquus Externus Abdominus (UTPs) Quadriceps Femoris Vastus I ntermedius
Adductor Brevis Adductor Longus Adductor Magnus Pectineus Quadriceps Femoris Vastus Medial is
Adductor Longus Adductor Brevis Adductor Magnus Pectineus Quadriceps Femoris Vastus Media l is
Adductor Magnus Adductor Brevis Adductor Longus Pectineus Quadriceps Femoris Vastus Media l is
Pectineus Adductor Longus Adductor Brevis Adductor Magnus Graci l is I l iopsoas
Obl iquus Externus Abdominus Rectus Abdominus Addutor Brevis Adductor Longus Adductor Magnus Graci l is Pectineus
83
Primary associated chains
Obliquus Externus Abdominus Adductor Brevis Adductor Longus Adductor Magnus Pectineus
Pectineus Adductor Brevis Adductor Longus Adductor Magnus
Adductor Brevis Adductor Longus Adductor Magnus Pectineus
Adductor Longus Adductor Brevis Adductor Magnus Pectineus
Adductor Magnus Adductor Brevis Adductor Longus Pectineus
84
H i p - Anterior
pain focus referred pain
Adductor Brevis Quadratus Lum borum Adductor Longus Quadriceps Vastus I ntermed ius Adductor Magnus (UTP) Rectus Abdominus Pectineus Obliquus Externus Abdominus (UTPs) Iliopsoas (UTP) Sartorius (UTP)
Adductor Brevis Adductor Longus Adductor Magnus Pectineus Quadriceps Femoris Vastus Media l is
Adductor Longus Adductor Brevis Adductor Magnus Pectineus Quadriceps Femoris Vastus Media l is
Adductor Magnus Adductor Brevis Adductor Longus Pectineus Quadriceps Femoris Vastus Medialis
Pectineus Adductor Longus Adductor Brevis Adductor Magnus Gracil is I l iopsoas
Obl iquus Externus Abdominus Rectus Abdominus Addutor Brevis Adductor Longus Adductor Magnus Gracilis Pectineus
I l iopsoas Quadratus Lumborum Rectus Abdominus Quadriceps Femoris Rectus Femoris Tensor Fascia Latae Pectineus Semitendinosus Semimembranosus Biceps Femoris Gluteus Maximus Gluteus Medius Gluteus M in imus I l iocostal is Thoracis
85
Long issimus Thoracis I l iocostal is Lumborum Trapezius Splen ius Cervi cis Levator Scapulae Suboccipital Sternocleidomastoideus Multifidus (neck)
Sartorius Adductor Brevis Adductor Longus Adductor Magnus Gracil is Quadriceps Femoris Vastus Med ial is Quadriceps Femoris Rectus Femoris
Primary associated chains
Obliquus Externus Abdominus Adductor Brevis
Pectineus
Adductor Brevis
Adductor Longus
Adductor Magnus
Sartorius
I l iopsoas
Adductor Longus Adductor Magnus Pectineus Adductor Brevis Adductor Longus Adductor Magnus I l iopsoas Adductor Longus Adductor Magnus Pectineus Adductor Brevis Adductor Magnus Pectineus Adductor Longus Adductor Brevis Pectineus Adductor Brevis Adductor Longus Adductor Magnus
Secundary associated chains
Quadratus Lumborum Rectus Abdominus
86
H i p - Latera l pain focus referred pain
Gluteus Maximus (Iat UTP) Gluteus M in imus (post) Gluteus Medius (mid TP) I l iocostal is Lumborum Piriformis (Iat TP) Gluteus Medius (med TP) Quadratus Lumborum (superficial) Quadriceps Femoris Vastus Lateral is Tensor Fascia Latae (TP2) Quadriceps Femoris Vastus Lateralis (TP3, 4,5) Gluteus Minimus (ant)
Gluteus Maximus Gluteus Med ius Gluteus Min imis Biceps Femoris Semitendinosus Semimembranosus Longissimus Thoracis I l iocostal is Thoracis I l iocostal is Lumborum I l iopsoas Quadriceps Femoris Rectus Femoris
GluteL's Med ius Piriform is Gluteus Maximus Gluteus Min imus Tensor Fascia Latae
Pi riformis Gluteus M in imus Levator Ani Coccygeus Gluteus Maximus
Quadratus Lumborum Quadratus lumborum (other side) I l iopsoas I l iocostalis Lumborum Obl iquus Externus Abdomin is Latiss imus Dorsi Gluteus Med ius Gluteus Min imus
Tensor Fascia Latae Gluteus Minimus Quadriceps Femoris Rectus Femoris I l iopsoas Sartorius
Gluteus Min imus Piriform is Gluteus Maximus Gluteus Med ius Quadriceps Femoris Vastus Lateral is Peroneus Longus Quadratus Lumborum Tensor Fasciae Latae
87
Primary associated chains
Quadratus Lumborum Gluteus Medius Quadratus Lumborum (other side)
Gluteus Medius Piriformis Gluteus Maximus Tensor Fascia Latae
Gluteus Minimus Piriformis Gluteus Maximus Gluteus Medius Quadriceps Femoris Vastus Lateralis Quadratus Lumborum Tensor Fasciae Latae
Secundary associated chains
Quadratus Lumborum I l iocostal is Lumborum Gluteus Minimus Gluteus Medius
Gluteus Maximus Gluteus Medius Gluteus Minimis I l iocostalis Lumborum
88
Th igh - Med ial
pain focus referred pain
Adductor Magnus (UTP) Adductor Brevis Gracilis Adductor Longus Sartorius (UTPs) Quadriceps Femoris Vastus Medial is Quadriceps Femoris Vastus Medialis (UTP) (UTP)
Adductor Magnus Adductor Brevis Adductor Longus Pectineus Quadriceps Femoris Vastus Media l is
Gracil is Sartorius Sartorius Adductor Brevis
Adductor Longus Adductor Magnus Graci l is Quadriceps Femoris Vastus Media l is Quadriceps Femoris Rectus Femoris
Quadriceps Femoris Vastus Media l is I l iopsoas
Sartorius
Adductor Magnus
Sartorius
Quadriceps Femoris Rectus Femoris Quadriceps Femoris Vastus Lateralis Quadriceps Femoris Vastus I ntermed ius Sartorius
Primary associated chains
Adductor Magnus Graci l is Quadriceps Femoris Vastus Media l is
Secundary associated chains
Adductor Brevis Adductor Longus Quadriceps Femoris Vastus Media l is Adductor Brevis Adductor Longus Quadriceps Femoris Vastus Media l is
89
Th igh - Anterior
pain focus referred pain
Adductor Magnus (UTP) Adductor Brevis Iliopsoas (UTP) Adductor Longus Quadriceps Femoris Vastus Intermedius Quadriceps Femoris Rectus Femoris Quadriceps Femoris Vastus Medialis Quadriceps Femoris Vastus Medial is (UTP) (UTP) Sartorius (UTPs) Tensor Fascia Latae
Pectineus
Adductor Magnus Adductor Brevis Adductor Longus Pectineus Quadriceps Vastus Med ial is
I l i opsoas Quadratus Lumborum Rectus Abdominus Quadriceps Femoris Rectus Femo .. is Tensor Fascia Latae Pectineus Semitend inosus Semimembranosus Biceps Femoris Gluteus Maximus Gluteus Med ius Gluteus M in imus I l iocostalis Thoracis Longissimus Thoracis I l iocosta l is Lumborum Trapezius Splenius Cervi cis Levator Scapulae Suboccipital Sternocleidomastoideus Multifidus (neck)
Quadriceps Femoris Vastus I ntermed ius I l iopsoas Quadriceps Femoris Vastus Lateral is Quadriceps Femoris Vastus Media l is Quadriceps Femoris Rectus Femoris Sartorius
90
Sartorius Adductor Brevis Adductor Longus Adductor Magnus Graci l is Quadriceps Femoris Vastus Med ia l is Quadriceps Femoris Rectus Femoris
Quadriceps Femoris Vastus Med ia l is I l iopsoas (UTP) Quadriceps Femoris Rectus Femoris
Quadriceps Femoris Vastus Lateral is Quadriceps Femoris Vastus I ntermed ius Sartorius
Primary associated chains
Quadriceps Femoris Vastus I ntermed ius I l iopsoas Sartorius Quadriceps Femoris Vastus Med ia l is
Sartorius Adductor Magnus Quadriceps Femoris Vastus Med ia l is
Secundary associated chains
Quadriceps Femoris Vastus I ntermed ius Quadriceps Femoris Rectus Femoris Quadriceps Femoris Vastus Med ialis
Sartorius Adductor Brevis Adductor Longus Quadriceps Femoris Vastus Media l is Quadriceps Femoris Rectus Femoris
Adductor Magnus Pectineus Adductor Brevis Adductor Longus Quadriceps Femoris Vastus Med ia l is
91
Th igh - Posterior
pain focus
Gluteus Minimus (post TP) Semimembranosus Semitendinosus
Gluteus M in imus
Semimembranosus
referred pain
Biceps Femoris Gastrocnemius (med UTP) Gluteus Medius (mid TP) Gluteus Maximus (med UTP) Mu ltifidus (back) (S1 ) Obturatorius I nternus Piriformis Quadriceps Femoris Vastus Lateral is (TP3)
Piriformis Gluteus Maximus Gluteus Medius Quadriceps Femoris Vastus Lateral is Peroneus Longus Quadratus Lumborum Tensor Fasciae Latae Adductor Magnus Quadriceps Femoris Vastus Latera l is Quadriceps Femoris Vastus Medial is Quadriceps Femoris Vastus I ntermed ius Quadriceps Femoris Rectus Femoris Gastrocnemius Semitendinosus Biceps Femoris I l iopsoas Quadratus Lumborum Rectus Abdominis I l iocostal is Thoracis 'I l iocostal is Lumborum Long issimus Thoracis Multifidus
92
Semitendinosus
Semitendinosus
Semimembranosus
Adductor Magnus Quadriceps Femoris Vastus Lateral is Quadriceps Femoris Vastus Medial is Quadriceps Femoris Vastus Intermedius Quadriceps Femoris Rectus Femoris Gastrocnemius Semimembranosus Biceps Femoris I l iopsoas Quadratus Lumborum Rectus Abdominis I l iocostal is Thoracis I l iocostal is Lumborum Longissimus Thoracis Multifidus
Secundary associated chains
Biceps Femoris Multifidus Quadriceps Femoris Vastus Lateral is B iceps Femoris Mu ltifidus Quadriceps Femoris Vastus Lateral is
93
Th igh - Lateral
pain focus referred pain
Gluteus Minimus (ant) Biceps Femoris Tensor Fasciae Latae Gluteus Medius (mid TP) Quadriceps Femoris Vastus Lateralis Quadriceps Femoris Vastus Lateral is (TP1-TP2-TP4) (TP3) Quadriceps Femoris Vastus Intermedius
Gluteus M in imus Pi riformis Gluteus Maximus Gluteus Med ius Quadriceps Femoris Vastus Latera lis Peroneus Longus Quadratus Lumborum Tensor Fasciae Latae
Tensor Fasciae Latae Gluteus Min imus Quadriceps Femoris Rectus Femoris I l iopsoas Sartorius
Quadriceps Femoris Vastus Latera l is I l iopsoas Quadriceps Femoris Vastus I ntermed ius Quadriceps Femoris Vastus Med ial is Quadriceps Femoris Rectus Femoris Sartorius
Quadriceps Femoris Vastus I ntermed ius Quadriceps Femoris Rectus Femoris Quadriceps Femoris Vastus Media l is Quadriceps Femoris Vastus Lateral is I l iopsoas Sartorius
Primary associated chains
Gluteus M in imus
Secundary associated chains
Gluteus M in imus
94
Knee - Posterior
pain focus referred pain
Biceps Femoris . Gastrocnemius (UTP med) Plantaris Gluteus M inimus (post) Popliteus Semimembranosus Quadriceps Femoris Vastus Lateralis Semitendinosus (TP3) Soleus (UTP) Gastrocnemius (UTP med - UTP lat)
Biceps Femoris Adductor Magnus Quadriceps Femoris Vastus Lateral is Quadriceps Femoris Vastus Medial is Quadriceps Femoris Vastus Intermedius Quadriceps Femoris Rectus Femoris Gastrocnemius Semimembranosus Semitendinosus I l iopsoas Quadratus Lumborum Rectus Abdominis I l iocostal is Thoracis I l iocostal is Lumborum Longissimus Thoracis
Plantaris Gastrocnemius Soleus Tibialis Posterior Flexor Hal lucis Longus Flexor Digitorum Longus Gluteus Minimus Extensor Digitorum Longus Extensor Hal lucis Longus Peroneus Tertius
Popliteus Gastrocnemius Plantaris
Quadriceps Femoris Vastus Lateralis I l iopsoas Quadriceps Femoris Vastus Intermedius Quadriceps Femoris Vastus Medial is Quadriceps Femoris Rectus Femoris Sartorius
95
Gastrocnemius
Biceps Femoris
Popliteus
B iceps Femoris
Plantaris
Soleus Semimembranosus Semitendinosus Biceps Femoris Tibial is Posterior Flexor Hal lucis Longus Flexor Digitorum Longus Gluteus Minimus
Primary associated chains
Quadriceps Femoris Vastus Lateral is Gastrocnemius Gastrocnemius Plantaris
Secundary associated chains
Semimembranosus Semitendinosus Gastrocnemius Gluteus Minimus Soleus
96
Knee - Anterior
pain focus referred pain
Adductor Brevis Sartorius Adductor Longus Gracilis Quadriceps Femoris Rectus Femoris Quadriceps Femoris Vastus Medialis Quadriceps Femoris Vastus Lateralis (TP1-TP4)
Adductor Brevis Adductor Longus Adductor Magnus Pectineus Quadriceps Femoris Vastus Media l is
Adductor Longus Adductor Brevis Adductor Magnus Pectineus Quadriceps Femoris Vastus Media l is
Quadriceps Femoris Rectus Femoris I l iopsoas Quadriceps Femoris Vastus Med ialis Quadriceps Femoris Vastus Lateral is Quadriceps Femoris Vastus I ntermed ius Sartorius
Quadriceps Femoris Vastus Medial is I l iopsoas Quadriceps Femoris Rectus Femoris Quadriceps Femoris Vastus Lateral is Quadriceps Femoris Vastus I ntermedius Sartorius
Quadriceps Femoris Vastus Lateral is I l iopsoas Quadriceps Femoris Vastus I ntermed ius Quadriceps Femoris Vastus Media l is Quadriceps Femoris Rectus Femoris Sartorius
97
Primary associated chains
Adductor Brevis Adductor Longus Quadriceps Femoris Vastus Medialis
Adductor Longus Adductor Brevis Quadriceps Femoris Vastus Medialis
Quadriceps Femoris Vastus Lateral is Quadriceps Femoris Vastus Medialis Quadriceps Femoris Rectus Femoris
Quadriceps Femoris Rectus Femoris Quadriceps Femoris Vastus Medialis Quadriceps Femoris Vastus Lateralis
Quadriceps Femoris Vastus Medial is Quadriceps Femoris Rectus Femoris Quadriceps Femoris Vastus Lateralis
98
Knee - Med ial
pain focus
Quadriceps Femoris Vastus Medialis
Quadriceps Femoris Vastus Med ial is
referred pain
Adductor Brevis Adductor Longus Graci l is Quadriceps Femoris Rectus Femoris Sartorius
I l iopsoas Quadriceps Femoris Rectus Femoris Quadriceps Femoris Vastus Latera lis Quadriceps Femoris Vastus Intermedius Sartorius
Secundary associated chains
Quadriceps Femoris Vastus Medialis Quadriceps Femoris Rectus Femoris Sartorius
99
Knee - Lateral
pain focus referred pain
Quadriceps Femoris Vastus Lateralis Adductor Brevis (TP1 - TP2 - TP3 - TP4) Adductor Longus Gluteus Minimus (ant) Quadriceps Femoris Rectus Femoris
B iceps Femoris
Quadriceps Femoris Vastus Lateral is I l iopsoas Quadriceps Femoris Vastus I ntermedius Quadriceps Femoris Vastus Medial is Quadriceps Femoris Rectus Femoris Sartorius
Gluteus Min imus Piriformis Gluteus Maximus Gluteus Medius Quadriceps Femoris Vastus Lateral is Peroneus Longus Quadratus Lumborum Tensor Fasciae Latae
1 00
Leg - Anterior (shank)
pain focus referred pain
Adductor Brevis Adductor Longus Extensor Digitorum Longus Extensor Hal lucis Longus Quadriceps Femoris Vastus Lateral is Tibial is Anterior
1 0 1
Leg - Posterior (ca lf)
pain focus referred pain
Gluteus Minimus Biceps Femoris Quadriceps Femoris Vastus Lateralis Flexor Digitorum Longus (TP3) Gastrocnemius (UTP med) Soleus) (UTP med) Piriformis Tibialis Posterior Plantaris Gastrocnemius (UTP lat - UTP med) Popliteus
Semimembranosus Semitend inosus
Gluteus Min imus Piriformis Gluteus Maximus Gluteus Medius Quadriceps Femoris Vastus Latera l is Peroneus Longus Quadratus Lumborum Tensor Fasciae Latae
Quadriceps Femoris Vastus Lateral is I l iopsoas Quadriceps Femoris Vastus I ntermed ius Quadriceps Femoris Vastus Medial is Quadriceps Femoris Rectus Femoris Sartorius
Soleus Gastrocnemius Tibial is Posterior Hal l ucis Longus Flexor Digitorum Longus Gluteus Min imus Tibial is Anterior Extensor Dig itorum Longus Extensor Hal lucis Longus Peroneus Tertius
Tibialis Posterior Flexor Digitorum Longus Flexor Hal lucis Longus Peroneus Longus Peroneus Brevis
Gastrocnemius Soleus Semimembranosus Semitend inosus Biceps Femoris Tibial is Posterior Flexor Hal lucis Longus Flexor Digitorum Longus Gluteus M in imus
1 02
Primary associated chains
Soleus Gluteus Min imus Tibialis Posterior Gastrocnemius
Gastrocnemius Soleus Gluteus Minimus Tibial is Posterior
Secundary associated chains
Soleus Flexor Digitorum Longus Gastrocnemius
Gluteus Minimus Piriformis Quadriceps Femoris Vastus Latera l is
Gastrocnemius Semimembranosus Semitendinosus Biceps Femoris Flexor Digitorum Longus
1 03
Leg - Lateral
pain focus referred pain
Gluteus Minimus (ant) Peroneus Brevis Peroneus Tertius Peroneus Longus
Quadriceps Femoris Vastus Lateralis
Gluteus Min imus Piriform is Gluteus Maximus Gluteus Medius Quadriceps Femoris Vastus Lateral is Peroneus Longus Quadratus Lumborum Tensor Fasciae Latae
Peroneus Tertius Peroneus Longus Peroneus Brevis Extensor Digitorum Longus Tibia l is Posterior Gastrocnemius Soleus Gluteus M in imus
Secundary associated chains
Gluteus Min imus Quadriceps Femoris Vastus Lateral is 'Peroneus Longus
Peroneus Tertius Peroneus Brevis Peroneus Longus
1 04
Ankle - Mal leol us Externus
pain focus referred pain
Gluteus Minimus (ant) Quadriceps Femoris Vastus Lateral is Peroneus Brevis Peroneus Tertius Peroneus Longus
Gluteus M in imus Piriformis Gluteus Maximus Gluteus Med ius Quadriceps Femoris Vastus Lateral is Peroneus Longus Quadratus Lumborum Tensor Fasciae Latae
Peroneus Brevis Peroneus Longus Peroneus Tertius Extensor Digitorum Longus Tibialis Posterior Gastrocnemius Soleus Gluteus Min imus
Peroneus Longus Peroneus Brevis Peroneus Tertius Extensor Digitorum Longus Tibia l is Posterior Gastrocnemius Soleus Gluteus Min imus
Primary associated chains
Peroneus Brevis Peroneus Longus Gluteus Min imus
Peroneus Longus Peroneus Brevis Gluteus M in imus
1 06
Ankle - Mal leol us I ntern us
pai n focus referred pain
Flexor Oigitorum Longus Adductor Brevis Abductor Hallucis Adductor Longus
Tibial is Anterior Soleus
Flexor Digitorum Longus Tibial is Posterior Extensor Digitorum Longus Extensor Digitorum Brevis Flexor Hal lucis Longus Extensor Hal lucis Longus Extensor Hal lucis Brevis Flexor Digitorum Brevis Flexor Hal lucis Brevis I nterosseus Dorsal is 1
Abductor Hal lucis Quadratus Plantae Adductor Hal l ucis Flexor Hal lucis Brevis Flexor Digitorum Brevis I nterosseus Dorsal is 1
1 07
Foot - Plantar
pai n focus referred pain
Abductor Digiti Minimi (toes) Piriformis Abductor Hallucis Tibial is Posterior Flexor Digitorum Brevis Flexor Digitorum Longus Flexor Hallucis Brevis Flexor Hallucis Longus Gastrocnemius (UTP med) Quadratus Plantae Soleus (UTP med) Interossei Dorsalis 1 Adductor Hallucis
Abductor Digiti M in im i (toes) Abductor Hallucis Quadratus Plantae
Adductor Hal lucis Flexor Hal lucis Brevis Flexor Digitorum Brevis I nterosseus Dorsal is 1
Flexor Digitorum Brevis Flexor Digitorum Longus Tibialis Posterior
Extensor Digitorum Longus Extensor Digitorum Brevis Flexor Hal lucis Longus Extensor Hal lucis Longus Extensor Hal lucis Brevis F lexor Digitorum Brevis F lexor Hal lucis Brevis I nterosseus Dorsa l is 1
Flexor Hal lucis Brevis Flexor Hal lucis Longus Tibialis Posterior
Extensor Digitorum Longus Extensor Digitorum Brevis Flexor Digitorum Longus Extensor Hal lucis Longus Extensor Haflucis Brevis F lexor Digitorum Brevis F lexor Hal lucis Brevis I nterosseus Dorsal is 1
1 08
Gastrocnemius Soleus Semitend inosus Semimembranosus Biceps Femoris Tibial is Posterior Flexor Hal lucis Longus Flexor Digitorum Longus Gluteus M in imus
Quadratus Plantae Soleus Gastrocnemius
Tibial is Posterior Hal l ucis Longus Flexor Digitorum Longus Gluteus M in imus Tibial is Anterior Extensor Digitorum Longus Extensor Hal iucis Longus Peroneus Tertius
I nterossei Dorsa l is 1 Adductor Hal lucis
Primary associated chains
Abductor Hal iucis Quadratus Plantae Flexor Hal iucis Brevis Flexor Digitorum Brevis I nterossei Dorsa l is 1 Adductor Hal iucis
Gastrocnem i us Flexor Digitorum Longus F lexor Hal iucis Longus Soleus
Flexor Digitorum Longus F lexor Digitorum Brevis F lexor Hal iucis Longus Flexor Hal iucis Brevis Interossei Dorsal is 1
Flexor Hal l ucis Longus Flexor Digitorum Brevis Flexor Digitorum Longus Flexor Haliucis Brevis Interosseus Dorsal is 1
Secundary associated chains
Soleus Flexor Digitorum Longus Tibialis Posterior
1 09
Foot - Dorsal
pain focus referred pain
Extensor Digitorum Brevis Peroneus Brevis Extensor Digitorum Longus Peroneus Longus Extensor Hallucis Brevis Peroneus Tertius Extensor Hallucis Longus Tibialis Anterior Interosseus Dorsalis 1
Flexor Hallucis Brevis
Extensor Digitorum Brevis Extensor Hallucis Brevis Extensor Digitorum Longus Extensor Hal lucis Longus
Extensor Digitorum Longus Tibial is Anterior Extensor Hal lucis Longus Peroneus Longus Peroneus Brevis Peroneus Tertius
Extensor Hal lucis Brevis Extensor Digitorum Brevis Extensor Digitorum Longus Extensor Hal lucis Longus
Extensor Hal lucis Longus Tibialis Anterior Extensor Digitorum Longus Peroneus Longus Peroneus Brevis Peroneus Tertius
Tibial is Anterior Peroneus Longus Extensor Digitorum Longus Extensor Hal lucis Longus
Interosseus Dorsal is 1 Flexor Hal lucis Brevis
1 1 0
Primary associated chains
Extensor Digitorum Brevis Extensor Hallucis Brevis Extensor Digitorum Longus Extensor Hal lucis LonQus
Extensor Digitorum Longus Tibial is Anterior Extenspr Hal lucis LonQus
Extensor Hal lucis Brevis Extensor Digitorum Brevis Extensor Digitorum Longus Extensor Hal lucis Longus
Extensor Hal lucis Longus Tibialis Anterior Extensor Digitorum Longus
Tibial is Anterior Extensor Digitorum Longus Extensor Hal lucis Longus
Secundary associated chains
Extensor Digitorum Longus Peroneus Longus Peroneus Brevis Peroneus Tertius
Extensor Hal lucis Longus Peroneus Longus Peroneus Brevis Peroneus Tertius
1 1 1
Abductor Digiti Minimi (fingers) (CB-T1 )
Chains containing the Abductor Digiti M inimi (fingers) M uscle
associated muscles Palmaris Longus
1 1 3
(
Abductor Hallucis (L5-S1 )
C hains starting from the Abductor Hallucis
associated muscles Quadratus Plantae Adductor Hal lucis Flexor Hal lucis Brevis Flexor Digitorum Brevis I nterosseus Dorsalis 1
foot - plantar
Primary associated chains
1 1 4
Quadratus Plantae Flexor Hallucis Brevis Flexor Digitorum Brevis Interossei Dorsalis 1 Adductor Hal lucis
Adductor Brevis (L2-L4)
Chains starting from the Adductor Brevis
associated muscles
groin
hip - anterior
knee - anterior
Adductor Longus Adductor Magnus Pectineus Quadriceps Femoris Vastus Medialis
Primary associated chains
Adductor Longus Adductor Magnus Pectineus Adductor Longus Adductor Magnus Pectineus Adductor Longus Quadriceps Femoris Vastus Medial is
Chains containing the Adductor Brevis Muscle
associated muscles
) 1 1 5
Adductor Longus Adductor Magnus Pectineus Sartorius Rectus Abdominis Obliquus Externus Abdominis
Primary associated chains
Adductor Brevis Adductor Longus knee - anterior Quadriceps Femoris
Vastus Medialis Adductor Brevis
Obliquus Externus Adductor Longus Abdominus Adductor Magnus
Pectineus Adductor Brevis
Pectineus Adductor Longus groin Adductor Maqnus
Adductor Brevis Adductor Longus Adductor Magnus
Pectineus Adductor Brevis
Adductor Magnus Adductor Longus Pectineus Adductor Brevis
Obliquus Externus Adductor Longus Abdominus Adductor Magnus
Pectineus Adductor Brevis
Pectineus Adductor Longus Adductor Magnus I l iopsoas
hip - anterior Adductor Brevis Adductor Longus Adductor Magnus
Pectineus Adductor Brevis
Sartorius Adductor Longus Adductor Maqnus Adductor Brevis
Adductor Magnus Adductor Longus Pectineus
1 1 6
Secundary associated chains
Adductor Brevis Adductor Longus Quadriceps Femoris
Sartorius Vastus Medial is Quadriceps Femoris Rectus Femoris
thigh - anterior Adductor Brevis Adductor Longus
Adductor Magnus Quadriceps Femoris Vastus Medialis Pectineus Adductor Brevis
Adductor Magnus Adductor Longus Quadriceps Femoris Vastus Medial is
thigh - medial Adductor Brevis Sartorius Adductor Longus
Quadriceps Femoris Vastus Medial is
1 1 7
Adductor Hallucis (51 -52)
Chains containing the Adductor Hallucis Muscle
associated muscles Abductor Hallucis
Primary associated chains
Adductor Hallucis Quadratus Plantae
Abductor Hallucis foot - plantar Flexor Hallucis Brevis Flexor Digitorum Brevis Interossei Dorsalis 1
1 1 8
Adductor Longus (L2-L4)
C hains starting from the Adductor Longus
associated muscles
groin
hip - anterior
knee - anterior
Adductor Brevis Adductor Magnus Pectineus Quadriceps Femoris Vastus Medialis
Primary associated chains
Adductor Brevis Adductor Magnus Pectineus Adductor Brevis Adductor Magnus Pectineus Adductor Brevis Quadriceps Femoris Vastus Medial is
Chains containing the Adductor Longus M uscle
associated muscles
1 19
Adductor Brevis Adductor Magnus Pectineus Sartorius Rectus Abdominis Obliquus Externus Abdominis
Primary associated chains
Adductor Longus Obliquus Externus Adductor Brevis Abdominus Adductor Magnus
Pectineus Adductor Longus
Pectineus Adductor Brevis Adductor Maqnus
groin Adductor Longus Adductor Brevis Adductor Magnus
Pectineus Adductor Longus
Adductor Magnus Adductor Brevis Pectineus Adductor Longus
Obliquus Externus Adductor Brevis Abdominus Adductor Magnus
Pectineus Adductor Longus
Pectineus Adductor Brevis Adductor Magnus I l iopsoas
hip - anterior Adductor Longus Adductor Brevis Adductor Magnus
Pectineus Adductor Longus
Sartorius Adductor Brevis Adductor Magnus Adductor Longus
Adductor Magnus Adductor Brevis Pectineus Adductor Longus
Adductor Brevis knee - anterior Quadriceps Femoris Vastus Medialis
1 20
Secundary associated chains
Adductor Brevis Adductor Longus Quadriceps Femoris
Sartorius Vastus Medialis Quadriceps Femoris
thigh - anterior Rectus Femoris Adductor Brevis Adductor Longus
Adductor Magnus Quadriceps Femoris Vastus Medial is Pectineus Adductor Brevis
Adductor Magnus Adductor Longus Quadriceps Femoris
thigh - medial Vastus Medialis Adductor Brevis
Sartorius Adductor Longus Quadriceps Femoris Vastus Medial is
1 2 1
Adductor Magnus (L2-S1 )
C hains starting from the Adductor M agnus
associated muscles
groin
hip - anterior
thigh - medial
thigh - anterior
Adductor Brevis Adductor Longus Pectineus Quadriceps Femoris Vastus Medial is
Primary associated chains
Adductor Brevis Adductor Longus Pectineus Adductor Brevis Adductor Longus Pectineus
Secundary associated chains
Adductor Brevis Adductor Longus Quadriceps Femoris Vastus Medialis Adductor Brevis Adductor Longus Quadriceps Femoris Vastus Medialis Pectineus
Chains containing the Adductor Magnus Muscle
associated muscles
1 22
Adductor longus Adductor Brevis Semimembranosus Semitendinosus Biceps Femoris Sartorius Rectus Abdominis Obliquus Externus Abdominis Pectineus
Primary associated chains
Adductor Brevis Obl iquus Externus Adductor Longus Abdominus Adductor Magnus
Pectineus Adductor Brevis
Pectineus Adductor Longus Adductor Magnus I l iopsoas
h ip - anterior Adductor Longus Adductor Brevis Adductor Magnus
Pectineus Adductor Brevis
Adductor Longus Adductor Magnus Pectineus Adductor Brevis
Sartorius Adductor Longus Adductor Magnus Adductor Brevis
Obl iquus Externus Adductor Longus Abdominus Adductor Magnus
Pectineus Adductor Brevis
Pectineus Adductor Longus groin Adductor Magnus
Adductor Longus Adductor Brevis Adductor Magnus
Pectineus Adductor Brevis
Adductor Longus Adductor Magnus Pectineus Adductor Magnus
Sartorius thigh - anterior Quadriceps Femoris Vastus Medialis Adductor Magnus
Sartorius thigh - medial Gracilis Quadriceps Femoris Vastus Medial is
Secundary associated chains
Obliquus Externus Rectus Abdominus Abdominis
abdomen Adductor Magnus Obl iquus Externus Rectus Abdominis Abdominus Adductor Magnus
1 23
Adductor Pollicis (C8-T1 )
Chains starting from the Adductor Pollicis
associated muscles Interosseus Dorsal is 1 Opponens Pollicis Flexor Pollicis Brevis Abductor Pol l icis Brevis
Chains containing the Adductor Pollicis Muscle
associated muscles Brachial is
Primary associated chains
Brachioradialis Brachial is hand - wrist - radial Adductor Pollicis
Supinator
Secundary associated chains
Opponens Pollicis hand - wrist - radial I nterosseus Dorsalis 1 Adductor Pollicis
Opponens Pollicis fingers - volar Interosseus Dorsalis 1 Adductor Pollicis
1 24
Anconeus (C7-C8)
Chains starting from the Anconeus
associated muscles Brachioradial is Extensor Carpi Radial is Longus Supinator Triceps Brachii
Primary associated chains
elbow - epicondylus lateral is Brachioradial is Extensor Carpi Radial is Longus Supinator Triceps Brachii
Chains containing the Anconeus Muscle
associated muscles
Primary associated chains
Anconeus Brachioradial is
Triceps Brachii Supinator elbow - Extensor Carpi Radialis
epicondylus lateralis LonQus Anconeus
Supinator Extensor Carpi Radial is Longus Triceps Brachii
1 25
Biceps Brachii (C5-C6)
C hains starting from the Biceps Brachii
associated muscles
shoulder - anterior
arm - anterior
elbow - antecubital
Brachialis Supinator Triceps Brachii Deltoideus Supraspinatus Trapezius Coracobrachialis
Primary associated chains
Coracobrachialis Deltoideus (anterior) Supraspinatus
Secundary associated chains
Brachialis Deltoideus Supraspinatus Triceps Brachii Supinator Brachial is
1 26
Chains containing the Biceps Brachii M uscle
associated muscles
Coracobrachial is
Deltoideus
Infraspinatus
Teres Minor
Supinator
Teres M inor I nfraspinatus Deltoideus Coracobrachial is Brachial is Supinator
Primary associated chains
Biceps Brachii Deltoideus (anterior) Supraspinatus Biceps Brachii I nfraspinatus Pectoral is Major
shoulder - anterior ( clavicular) Supraspinatus Biceps Brachii Deltoideus (anterior) Pectoralis Major (clavicular & sternal) Supraspinatus
Secundary associated chains
shoulder - posterior Latissimus Dorsi Biceps Brachii
elbow - antecubital Brachial is Biceps Brachii
1 27
Biceps Femoris (L5-S2)
Chains starting from the Biceps Femoris
Biceps Femoris
knee - posterior
knee - posterior
Adductor Magnus Quadriceps Femoris Vastus Lateral is Quadriceps Femoris Vastus Medialis Quadriceps Femoris Vastus Intermedius Quadriceps Femoris Rectus Femoris Gastrocnemius Semimembranosus Semitendinosus I l iopsoas Quadratus Lumborum Rectus Abdominis I l iocostal is Thoracis I l iocostal is Lumborum Longissimus Thoracis
Primary associated chains
Quadriceps Femoris Vastus Lateral is Gastrocnemius
Secundary associated chains
Semimembranosus Semitendinosus
C hains containing the Biceps Femoris Muscle
associated muscles
1 28
Semimembranosus Semitendinosus Gluteus Maximus Gastrocnemius
Secundary associated chains
Biceps Femoris Semitendinosus Multifidus
Quadriceps Femoris thigh -posterior Vastus Lateralis
Biceps Femoris Semimembranosus Multifidus
Quadriceps Femoris Vastus Lateral is Semimembranosus
Gastrocnemius leg - posterior (calf) Semitendinosus Biceps Femoris Flexor Digitorum Longus
1 29
Brachialis (C5-C6)
Chains starting from the Brachialis
associated muscles
hand - dorsal side & wrist
hand - wrist - radial
Biceps Brachii Brachioradial is Supinator Adductor Pollicis
Primary associated chains
Brachioradial is Supinator Brachioradial is Supinator Adductor Poll icis
Chains containing the Brachialis Muscle
associated muscles
Supinator
Scalenus
Supinator
Scalenus
Supinator Scalenus Biceps Brachii
Primary associated chains
Extensor Carpi Radial is Brevis Brachialis
hand - wrist - rad ial Brachialis Brachioradialis Extensor Carpi Rad ialis Brevis Brachialis Extensor Carpi Radial is Brevis
hand - dorsal side Brachialis & wrist Brachioradial is
Extensor Carpi Radial is Brevis
1 30
Secundary associated chains
Biceps Brachi i Supinator Brachialis
Supinator elbow - antecubital Brachialis Biceps Brachi i Brachialis
Scalenus Pectoral is Major Pectoral is Minor
arm - anterior Triceps Brachii Brachialis
Biceps Brachi i Supraspinatus Triceps Brachii Deltoideus
1 3 1
Brachioradialis (C5-C8)
Chains starting from the Brachioradialis
associated muscles Extensor Carpi Radialis Longus Extensor Carpi Radial is Brevis Extensor Digitorum (middle finger) Extensor Digitorum (ring finger) Supinator Triceps Brachii (caput longum & medial)
Primary associated chains
elbow - epicondylus lateral is Extensor Carpi Radialis Longus Extensor Digitorum (ring finger) Supinator Triceps Brachii
hand - dorsal side & wrist Extensor Carpi Radialis Brevis Extensor Carpi Radial is Longus Supinator
hand - wrist - radial Extensor Carpi Radialis Brevis Supinator
Secundary associated chains
hand - dorsal side & wrist Extensor Carpi Radial is Longus Extensor Digitorum (ring finger) Extensor Digitorum (middle finger)
hand - wrist - radial Triceps Brachii Extensor Digitorum (middle finger)
1 32
Chains containing the Brachioradialis Muscle
associated muscles
Brachial is
Extensor Indicis
Scalenus
Brachialis
Extensor Indicis
Triceps Brachii
Anconeus
Extensor Digitorum (ring finger)
Scalenus
Triceps Brachii Scalenus Brachial is Anconeus Extensor Indicis Extensor Digitorum (ring finger) Extensor DiQitorum (middle finQer)
Primary associated chains
Brachioradialis Supinator Adductor Pol l icis Supinator Brach ioradialis
hand - wrist - radial Brachial is Brachioradialis Extensor Carpi Radial is Longus Extensor Carpi Radialis Brevis Brach ioradialis Supinator
hand - dorsal side Brachioradialis & wrist Extensor Carpi Ulnaris
Extensor Carpi Radialis Longus Supinator Anconeus Brachioradialis Supinator Extensor Carpi Radial is Longus Brachioradialis
elbow - Extensor Carpi Radial is epicondylus lateralis Longus
Supinator Triceos Brachii Brachioradialis Extensor Carpi Radialis Longus Supinator Brachial is
hand - dorsal side Brachioradialis & wrist Extensor Carpi Rad ial is
Brevis
1 33
Coccygeus (54-55)
Chains containing the Coccygeus Muscle
associated muscles Piriformis
Primary associated chains
Gluteus Minimus (posterior part)
Piriformis buttock Levator Ani Coccygeus Gluteus Maximus Levator Ani
Piriformis back - sacral Coccygeus Gluteus Maximus
1 34
Coracobrachialis (C6-C7)
Chains starting from the Coracobrachialis
associated muscles
shoulder - anterior
shoulder - lateral
arm - posterior
�.
arm - posterior
forearm - dorsal
hand - wrist - radial
Deltoideus Biceps Brachii Supraspinatus Triceps Brachii
Primary associated chains
Biceps Brachii Deltoideus (anterior) Supraspinatus Deltoideus Supraspinatus Supraspinatus Triceps Brachii
Secundary associated chains
Deltoideus Triceps Brachii Supraspinatus Triceps Brachii Supraspinatus Triceps Brachii
Chains containing the Coracobrachialis M uscle
associated muscles
1 35
Primary associated chains
Coracobrachialis Biceps Brachii Deltoideus
Supraspinatus shoulder - anterior Coracobrachialis
Pectoral is Major Deltoideus Scalenus Coracobrachialis
Pectoralis Major shoulder - lateral Deltoideus Scalenus Subscapularis
1 36
Deltoideus (C4-C6)
Chains starting from the Deltoideus
associated muscles
shoulder - anterior
shoulder - posterior
shoulder - lateral
I nfraspinatus Supraspinatus
anterior part:
Pectoral is Major (clavicular part) Biceps Brachii Deltoideus (posterior part)
posterior part:
Triceps Brachii (caput longum) Latissimus Dorsi Teres Major Deltoideus (anterior part)
Primary associated chains
Biceps Brachii I nfraspinatus Pectoral is Major (clavicular) Supraspinatus Supraspinatus Teres Major Triceps Brachii (caput lonQum) Infraspinatus Supraspinatus
Chains containing the Deltoideus M uscle
associated muscles
1 37
Teres M inor Teres Major Supraspinatus Pectoral is Major Pectoral is M inor I nfraspinatus Coracobrachial is B iceps Brachii
Primary associated chains
Supraspinatus Deltoideus (posterior) Trapezius Deltoideus (posterior) Subscapularis
Teres Major Teres Minor Triceps Brachi i (caput Lonqum)
shoulder - posterior Deltoideus (posterior) Teres Minor Subscapularis
Supraspinatus Teres Major Deltoideus (posterior) Teres Major
Subscapularis Teres M inor Triceps Brachii (caput longum) Coracobrachialis
Biceps Brachi i Deltoideus (anterior) Supraspinatus Biceps Brachii
Coracobrachial is Deltoideus (anterior) Supraspinatus Biceps Brachii Deltoideus (anterior)
I nfraspinatus Pectoralis Major (clavicular & sternal) Supraspinatus
Supraspinatus shoulder - anterior Deltoideus Infraspinatus Coracobrachialis
Pectoralis Major Deltoideus (anterior) Scalenus Deltoideus (anterior)
Pectoral is M inor Pectoral is Major (clavicular & sternal) Scalenus
Supraspinatus Deltoideus I nfraspinatus
Coracobrachial is Deltoideus Supraspinatus
Teres Major shoulder - lateral Deltoideus Subscapularis Deltoideus Teres Major
Infraspinatus Supraspinatus Subscapularis Pectoral is Major
1 38
Deltoideus Subscapularis Teres Major
Pectoral is Major shoulder - lateral Infraspinatus
Deltoideus Pectoralis Major Scalenus
Subscapularis Coracobrachial is Deltoideus
Pectoralis Minor Scalenus Pectoral is Major
Secundary associated chains
Deltoideus Teres Major Latissimus Dorsi
Teres Minor Supraspinatus Deltoideus
Latissimus Dorsi Deltoideus
Infraspinatus shoulder - lateral Latissimus Dorsi Teres Minor Deltoideus
Subscapularis Latissimus Dorsi Teres Minor
Pectoral is Major Deltoideus Teres Minor Deltoideus
Teres Major arm - lateral Teres Minor Triceps Brachii
Coracobrachial is Deltoideus Triceps Brachii
arm - posterior Infraspinatus Supraspinatus Deltoideus
Latissimus Dorsi Brachial is
Biceps Brachii arm - anterior Supraspinatus Triceps Brachii Deltoideus
Supraspinatus elbow - Infraspinatus epicondylus lateralis Deltoideus
1 39
Digastricus
Chains starting from the Diastricus
associated muscles
C hains containing the Digastricus Muscle
associated muscles Masseter
Primary associated chains
Masseter teeth
Secundary associated chains
Digastricus Masseter face - lower cheek Sternocleidomastoideus
(sternal)
1 40
Extensor Carpi Radialis Brevis (C7)
associated muscles
Chains starting from the Extensor Carpi Radialis Brevis
Extensor Carpi Radial is Longus Scalenus Pectoral is M inor
Secundary associated chains
hand - dorsal side & wrist Extensor Carpi Radial is Longus Scalenus
hand - wrist - radial Extensor Carpi Radial is Longus Scalenus
Chains containing the Extensor Carpi Radialis Brevis Muscle
associated muscles
1 41
Supinator Scalenus Extensor Carpi Radial is Longus Brachioradial is
Primary associated chains
Extensor Carpi Supinator Radialis Brevis
Brachial is Extensor Carpi
Brachioradial is Radialis Brevis Supinator
Extensor Carpi Radialis hand - wrist - radial Extensor Carpi Longus Radialis Brevis
Scalenus Brachial is
Scalenus Brachioradial is Extensor Carpi Radialis Brevis Extensor Carpi
Brachioradial is Radialis Brevis Supinator Brachialis
Supinator hand - dorsal side Extensor Carpi & wrist Radialis Brevis
Brachial is Scalenus Brachioradialis
Extensor Carpi Radialis Brevis Triceps Brachii Pectoral is Minor
Scalenus hand - wrist - ulnar Extensor Digitorum (ring finger) Extensor Carpi Radialis Brevis
1 42
Extensor Carpi Radialis Longus (C5-C7)
associated muscles
hand - wrist - radial
C hains starting from the Extensor Carpi Radialis Longus
Extensor Carpi Radial is Brevis Scalenus Pectoral is Minor
Primary associated chains
Extensor Carpi Radialis Brevis Scalenus
Chains containing the Extensor Carpi Radialis Longus Muscle
associated muscles
1 43
Triceps Brachii Scalenus Supinator Brachiorad ial is Anconeus Extensor Indicis Extensor Carpi Radialis Brevis Extensor Dig itorum (ring finger) Extensor Digitorum (middle finger)
Primary associated chains
Anconeus Brachioradialis
Triceps Brachii Supinator Extensor Carpi Radialis Longus Brachioradial is Extensor Carpi Radialis
Anconeus Longus Supinator Triceps Brachii
elbow - Extensor Carpi Radialis epicondylus lateral is Longus
Brachioradial is Extensor Digitorum (ring finger) Supinator Triceps Brachii Brachioradialis
Extensor Digitorum (ring Extensor Carpi Radialis finger) Longus
Supinator Anconeus
Supinator Extensor Carpi Radialis Longus Triceps Brachii Supinator
Triceps Brachii Extensor Carpi Radialis Longus Extensor Carpi Radialis
Supinator Longus elbow - olecranon Triceps Brachii
Extensor Carpi Radialis Longus
Supinator Extensor Carpi Radialis Brevis Brachialis Extensor Carpi Radialis Longus
Brachioradialis Extensor Carpi Radialis Brevis
hand - wrist - radial Supinator Brachial is Brachioradialis
Scalenus Extensor Carpi Radialis Longus Extensor Carpi Radialis Brevis
1 44
Secundary associated chains
Extensor Carpi Radialis Longus
Brachioradial is Extensor Digitorum (ring finger) Extensor Digitorum (middle finQer)
Extensor Carpi Radialis Extensor Carpi Brevis hand - dorsal side Radialis Longus
& wrist Scalenus Extensor Carpi
Supinator Radialis Longus Triceps Brachii Extensor Carpi
Scalenus Radialis Longus Triceps Brachii Triceps Brachii Extensor Carpi
Scalenus Radialis Longus hand - wrist - radial Extensor Digitorum
(middle finQer) Extensor Carpi Radial is Extensor Carpi Brev;s Radialis Longus
Scalenus
1 45
Extensor Carpi Ulnaris (C7-C8)
Chains containing the Extensor Carpi U1naris Muscle
associated muscles
Extensor Indicis
Extensor Indicis Extensor Digitorum (middle finger) Extensor DiQitorum (rinQ finQer)
Primary associated chains
Brachioradial is hand - dorsal side Extensor Carpi
& wrist Ulnaris Supinator
1 46
Extensor Digitorum (middle finger) (C5-C8)
C hains starting from the Extensor Digitorum (middle finger)
associated muscles Supinator Brachioradial is Extensor Digitorum (ring finger) Extensor Carpi Radialis Longus Extensor Carpi U lnaris
Chains containing the Extensor Digitorum (middle finger) Muscle
associated muscles Brachioradial is Scalenus Extensor DiQitorum (rinQ finQer)
Primary associated chains
Scalenus Extensor Digitorum
I nterosseus Dorsal is 1 & 2 fingers - dorsal (middle finger) Extensor Digitorum (rinQ finQer)
1 47
Secundary associated chains
Triceps Brachii Brachioradial is (Extensor Digitorum
middle finger) Triceps Brachii(caput
hand - wrist - radial longum) Scalenus Extensor Digitorum
(middle finger) Extensor Carpi Radialis Longus Extensor Carpi Radialis Longus
Brachioradial is hand - dorsal side Extensor Digitorum & wrist (ring finger)
Extensor Digitorum (middle finger)
1 48
Extensor Digitorum (ring finger) (C5-C8)
Chains starting from the Extensor Digitorum (ring finger)
associated muscles Supinator Brachioradial is Extensor Digitorum (middle finger) Extensor Carpi Radialis Longus Extensor Carpi Ulnaris
Primary associated chains
elbow - epicondylus lateral is Brachioradial is Extensor Carpi Radial is Longus Supinator
Chains containing the Extensor Digitorum (ring finger) Muscle
associated muscles
Interosseus Dorsalis 1 & 2
Brachioradialis
Extensor Digitorum (middle finger) Scalenus Brachioradial is
Primary associated chains
Scalenus Extensor Digitorum
fingers - dorsal (middle finger) Extensor Digitorum (ring finger) Extensor Carpi Rad ial is Longus
elbow - Extensor Digitorum epicondylus lateral is (ring finger)
Supinator Triceps Brachii
1 49
Secundary associated chains
Extensor Carpi Radial is Longus
Brachioradialis hand - dorsal side Extensor Digitorum & wrist (ring finger)
Extensor Digitorum (middle finQer) Extensor Carpi Radial is Brevis
Scalenus hand - wrist - ulnar Triceps Brachii Extensor Digitorum (ring finger) Pectoralis Minor
1 50
Extensor Digitorum Brevis (51 -52)
associated muscles
foot - dorsal
Chains starting from the Extensor Digitorum Brevis
Extensor Hal lucis Brevis Extensor Digitorum Longus Extensor Hal lucis Longus
Primary associated chains
Extensor Hal lucis Brevis Extensor Digitorum Longus Extensor Hallucis LonQus
Chains containing the Extensor Digitorum Brevis M uscle
associated muscles
Primary associated chains
Extensor Digitorum Brevis
Extensor Hallucis Brevis foot - dorsal Extensor Digitorum Longus Extensor Hallucis Longus
1 51
Extensor Digitorum Longus (L5-S1 )
associated muscles
foot - dorsal
foot - dorsal
C hains starting from the Extensor Digitorum Longus
Tibialis Anterior Extensor Haliucis Longus Peroneus Longus Peroneus Brevis Peroneus Tertius
Primary associated chains
Tibialis Anterior Extensor Hallucis Lon us
Secundary associated chains
Peroneus Longus Peroneus Brevis Peroneus Tertius
Chains containing the Extensor Digitorum Longus Muscle
associated muscles
1 52
Tibialis Anterior Soleus Plantaris Peroneus Longus Peroneus Brevis Peroneus Tertius Flexor Hal iucis Longus Flexor Digitorum Longus Extensor Hal lucis Longus Extensor Hal iucis Brevis
Primary associated chains
Extensor Hallucis Extensor Digitorum Brevis Brevis Extensor Digitorum
Longus Extensor Hal lucis Longus Extensor Digitorum
Extensor Hallucis Brevis Brevis Extensor D igitorum
foot - dorsal Longus Extensor Hal lucis LonQus Tibial is Anterior
Extensor Hal lucis Extensor Digitorum Longus Longus
Extensor Digitorum Tibialis Anterior Longus
Extensor Hal lucis LonQus
1 53
Extensor Hallucis Brevis (51 -52)
Chains starting from the Extensor Hallucis Brevis
associated muscles
foot - dorsal
Extensor Digitorum Brevis Extensor Digitorum Longus Extensor Hal lucis Longus
Primary associated chains
Extensor Digitorum Brevis Extensor Digitorum Longus Extensor Hal lucis Longus
Chains containing the Extensor Hallucis Brevis M uscle
associated muscles
Primary associated chains
Extensor Hallucis Brevis
Extensor Digitorum foot - dorsal Extensor Digitorum Brevis Longus
Extensor Hal lucis Longus
1 54
Extensor Hallucis Longus (L4-S1 )
Chains starting from the Extensor Hallucis Longus
associated muscles
foot - dorsal
foot . dorsal
Tibialis Anterior Extensor Digitorum Longus Peroneus Longus Peroneus Brevis Peroneus Tertius
Primary associated chains
Secundary associated chains
Peroneus Longus Peroneus Brevis Peroneus Tertius
us
Chains containing the Extensor Hallucis Longus M uscle
associated muscles
1 55
Tibial is Anterior Soleus Plantaris Flexor Hal lucis Longus Flexor Dig itorum Longus Extensor Hallucis Brevis
Primary associated chains
Extensor Hallucis Brevis
Extensor Digitorum Extensor Digitorum Brevis Longus
Extensor Hallucis Longus
Extensor Digitorum Tibialis Anterior Longus Extensor Hallucis
Longus foot - dorsal Extensor Digitorum
Brevis Extensor Hallucis Brevis Extensor Digitorum
Longus Extensor Hallucis Longus Extensor Digitorum
Tibialis Anterior Longus Extensor Hallucis Longus
1 56
Extensor Indicis (CB-T1 )
Chains starting from the Extensor I ndicis
associated muscles
hand - dorsal side & wrist
hand - wrist - radial
Supinator Brachioradial is Extensor Carpi Radial is Longus Extensor Carpi U lnaris
Primary associated chains
Brachioradialis Extensor Carpi U lnaris Extensor Carpi Rad ial is Longus Supinator Supinator Brachioradialis
Chains containing the Extensor I ndicis M uscle
Secundary associated chains
Latissimus Dorsi Interosseus Dorsalis fingers - dorsal Triceps Brachii 1 & 2 Flexor Pollicis Longus
Extensor Indicis
1 57
Flexor Carpi Radialis (CB-T1 )
Chains starting from the Flexor Carpi Radialis
associated muscles
hand - wrist - radial
hand - volar side & wrist
Flexor Digitorum Superficial is & Profundus Flexor Carpi Ulnaris Flexor Pollicis Longus
Secundary associated chains
Flexor Digitorum Superficial is Flexor Pol l icis Longus Flexor Carpi Ulnaris Flexor Digitorum Superficialis & Profundus
Chains containing the Flexor Carpi Radialis Muscle
associated muscles
Pronator Teres
Palmaris Longus
Pronator Teres Palmaris Longus Flexor Carpi U lnaris Flexor Digitorum Superficialis & Profundus
Primary associated chains
Flexor Carpi Radialis hand - volar side Flexor Carpi Ulnaris
& wrist Flexor Carpi Radialis Flexor Carpi Ulnaris
1 58
Secundary associated chains
Flexor Digitorum Flexor Carpi Ulnaris hand - volar side Superficial is &
& 'tIrist Profundus Flexor Carpi Radialis Flexor Carpi Radialis
Pronator Teres hand - wrist - radial Flexor Pollilcis Longus Flexor Digitorum Superficialis
1 59
Flexor Carpi Ulnaris (C8-T1 )
C hains starting from the Flexor Carpi U1naris
associated muscles
hand - volar side & wrist
Flexor Digitorum Superficialis & Profundus Flexor Carpi Radialis Flexor Poll icis Longus
Secundary associated chains
Flexor Digitorum Superficial is & Profundus Flexor Carpi Radialis
C hains containing the Flexor Carpi Ulnaris Muscle
associated muscles
Pronator Teres
Palmaris Longus
Flexor Carpi Radialis
Pronator Teres Palmaris Longus Flexor Carpi Radial is Flexor Digitorum Superficialis & Profundus
Primary associated chains
Flexor Carpi Radialis hand - volar side Flexor Carpi Ulnaris
& wrist Flexor Carpi Radialis Flexor Carpi Ulnaris
Secundary associated chains
Flexor Carpi Ulnaris hand - volar side Flexor Digitorum
& wrist Superficialis & Profundus
1 60
Flexor Digitorum Brevis (L5-S1 )
Chains containing the Flexor Digitorum Brevis M uscle
associated muscles
Abductor Hallucis
Flexor Digitorum Longus
Flexor Hal lucis Longus
Flexor Hallucis Longus Flexor Digitorum Longus Abductor Hal lucis
Primary associated chains
Quadratus Plantae Flexor Hal lucis Brevis Flexor Digitorum Brevis I nterossei Dorsal is 1 Adductor Hal lucis Flexor Digitorum Brevis
foot - plantar Flexor Hallucis Longus Flexor Hallucis Brevis Interossei Dorsalis 1 Flexor Digitorum Brevis Flexor Digitorum Longus Flexor Hallucis Brevis Interosseus Dorsal is 1
1 61
Flexor Digitorum Longus (51 -53)
Chains starting from the Flexor Digitorum Longus
associated muscles
foot - plantar
Tibialis Posterior Extensor Digitorum Longus Extensor Digitorum Brevis Flexor Hal lucis Longus Extensor Hallucis Longus Extensor Hal lucis Brevis Flexor Digitorum Brevis Flexor Hal/ucis Brevis Interosseus Dorsalis 1
Primary associated chains
Flexor Digitorum Brevis Flexor Hallucis Longus Flexor Hallucis Brevis Interossei Dorsal is 1
Chains containing the Flexor Digitorum Longus Muscle·
associated muscles
1 62
Tibial is Posterior Soleus Plantaris Gastrocnemius Flexor Hal lucis Lonqus
Primary associated chains
Flexor Digitorum Gastrocnemius Longus
Flexor Hal lucis Longus Soleus
foot - plantar Flexor Digitorum Brevis Flexor Digitorum
Flexor Hal lucis Longus Longus Flexor Hallucis Brevis Interosseus Dorsalis 1
Secundary associated chains
Flexor Digitorum Soleus Longus
Gastrocnemius leg - posterior (calf) Semimembranosus
Semitendinosus Gastrocnemius Biceps Femoris
Flexor Digitorum Longus Flexor Digitorum
Soleus foot - plantar Longus Tibialis Posterior
1 63
Flexor Digitorum Superficialis &
Profundus (C7-T1 )
Chains starting from the Flexor Superficialis & Profundus
associatiespieren Flexor Carpi Radialis Flexor Carpi Ulnaris Flexor Poll icis Longus
C hains containing the Flexor Digitorum Superficialis &
Profundus M uscle
associated muscles
Flexor Carpi Radial is
Flexor Carpi Ulnaris
Palmaris Longus
Pronator Teres
Flexor Carpi Radialis
Pronator Teres
Pronator Teres Palmaris Longus Flexor Carpi Ulnaris Flexor Carpi Radialis
Secundary associated chains
Flexor Carpi Ulnaris Flexor Digitorum Superficialis & Profundus Flexor Digitorum Superficialis & Profundus Flexor Carpi Radial is
hand - volar side Flexor Pollicis Longus & wrist Flexor Digitorum
Superficialis & Profundusi Flexor Digtorum Superficialis & Profundus Flexor Poll icis LonQus Flexor Digitorum Superficialis Flexor Poll icis Longus
hand - wrist - radial Flexor Carpi Radialis Flexor Polli lcis Longus Flexor Digitorum Superficialis
1 64
Flexor Hallucis Brevis (LS-S1 )
Chains containing the Flexor Hallucis Brevis M uscle
associated muscles
Abductor Hallucis
Flexor Digitorum Longus
Flexor Hallucis longus
Flexor Hal lucis Longus Flexor Digitorum Longus Abductor Hallucis
Primary associated chains
Quadratus Plantae Flexor Hallucis Brevis Flexor Digitorum Brevis Interossei Dorsalis 1 Adductor Hallucis
foot - plantar Flexor Digitorum Brevis F lexor Hal lucis Longus Flexor Hallucis Brevis Interossei Dorsal is 1 Flexor Digitorum Brevis Flexor Digitorum Longus Flexor Hallucis Brevis Interosseus Dorsalis 1
1 65
Flexor Hallucis Longus (51 -53)
Chains starting from the Flexor Hallucis Longus
associated muscles
foot - plantar
Tibial is Posterior Extensor Digitorum Longus Extensor Digitorum Brevis Flexor Digitorum Longus Extensor Hal lucis Longus Extensor Hal lucis Brevis Flexor Digitorum Brevis Flexor Hal lucis Brevis Interosseus Dorsalis 1
Primary associated chains
Flexor Digitorum Brevis Flexor Digitorum Longus Flexor Hallucis Brevis I nterosseus Dorsalis 1
Chains containing the Flexor Hallucis Longus Muscle
associated muscles
Gastrocnemius
Flexor Digitorum Longus
Tibialis Posterior Soleus Plantaris Gastrocnemius Flexor Digitorum Longus
Primary associated chains
Flexor Digitorum Longus Flexor Hallucis Longus Soleus
foot - plantar Flexor Digitorum Brevis Flexor Hallucis Longus Flexor Hallucis Brevis Interosseus Dorsal is 1
1 66
Flexor Pollicis Longus (C6-C8)
Chains containing the Flexor Pollicis Longus Muscle
associated muscles Palmaris Longus Adductor Poll icis Flexor Digitorum Superficial is & Profundus Flexor Carpi Ulnaris Flexor Carpi Radial is
Secundary associated chains
Flexor Pollicis Longus
Palmaris Longus Flexor Digitorum Superficialis &
hand - volar side Profundus & wrist
Flexor Digitorum Superficialis &
Pronator Teres Profundus Flexor Pollicis Longus Flexor Digitorum
Flexor Carpi Radial is Superficial is Flexor Pollicis Longus
hand - wrist - radial Flexor Carpi Radialis Flexor Polli lcis
Pronator Teres Longus Flexor Digitorum Superficialis Latissimus Dorsi Triceps Brachii
nterosseus Dorsalis 1 & 2 fingers - dorsal Flexor Pollicis Longus Extensor Ind icis
1 67
Gastrocnem i US (51 -52)
Chains starting from the Gastrocnemius
Gastrocnemius
leg - posterior (calf)
leg - posterior (calf)
foot - plantar
Soleus Semimembranosus Semitendinosus Biceps Femoris Tibialis Posterior Flexor Hallucis Longus Flexor Digitorum Longus Gluteus Minimus
Primary associated chains
Soleus Gluteus M inimus Tibial is Posterior
Secundary associated chains
Semimembranosus Semitendinosus Biceps Femoris Flexor Digitorum Longus Flexor Digitorum Longus Flexor Hallucis Longus Soleus
Chains containing the Gastrocnemius M uscle
associated muscles
1 68
Soleus Semitendinosus Semimembranosus Popliteus Plantaris Peroneus Tertius Peroneus Longus Peroneus Brevis Biceps Femoris
Primary associated chains
Quadriceps Femoris Biceps Femoris Vastus Lateralis
knee -, posterior Gastrocnemius Popliteus Gastrocnemius
Plantaris Gluteus Minimus
Soleus leg - posterior (calf) Tibialis Posterior Gastrocnemius
Secundary associated chains
Gastrocnemius Plantaris knee - posterior Gluteus Minimus
Soleus Flexor Digitorum
Soleus leg - posterior (calf) Longus Gastrocnemius
1 69
Gluteus Maximus (L5-S2)
Chains starting from the Gluteus Maximus
associated muscles
back - sacral
buttock
,
back - sacral
Gluteus Medius (posterior part) Gluteus Minimis (posterior part) Biceps Femoris Semitend inosus Semimembranosus Longissimus Thoracis I l iocostal is Thoracis I l iocostal is Lumborum I l iopsoas Quadriceps Femoris Rectus Femoris
Primary associated chains
Gluteus Medius Longissimus Thoracis I l iopsoas Gluteus Medius Gluteus Minimis Semitendinosus Semimembranosus Longissimus Thoracis I l iocostal is Lumborum
Secundary associated chains
I l iocostal is Thoracis Longissimus Thoracis I l iopsoas
Chains containing the Gluteus Maximus Muscle
associated muscles
1 70
Piriformis Gluteus Minimus Gluteus Medius
Primary associated chains
Gluteus Medius Gluteus Maximus Piriformis Levator Ani
Piriformis Coccygeus Gluteus Maximus
back - sacral Rectus Abdominus Quadratus Lumborum
I l iopsoas Gluteus Medius Gluteus Maximus Longissimus Thoracis Piriformis
Gluteus Medius Gluteus Maximus Tensor Fascia Latae Piriformis
hip - lateral Gluteus Maximus Gluteus Medius
Gluteus Minimus Quadratus Lumborum Tensor Fascia Latae Quadriceps Femoris Vastus Lateral is Piriformis
Gluteus Medius , Gluteus Maximus Gluteus Minimus Tensor Fascia latae Gluteus Minimus
buttock (posterior part) Piriformis Levator Ani
Coccygeus Gluteus Maximus Piriformis
Gluteus Minimus Gluteus Maximus Gluteus Medius Quadratus Lumborum
1 71
Gluteus Medius (L4-LS)
Chains starting from the Gluteus Medius
associated muscles
back - sacral
buttock
P iriformis Gluteus Maximus Gluteus Minimus (posterior part) Tensor Fascia latae
Primary associated chains
Gluteus Maximus Piriformis Piriformis Gluteus Maximus Gluteus Minimus Tensor Fascia latae
C hains containing the Gluteus Medius Muscle
associated muscles
1 72
Gluteus Maximus Gluteus Minimus Quadratus Lumborum
Primary associated chains
Gluteus Medius Quadratus Lumborum I l iopsoas
Quadratus Lumborum ( contralateral)
back - SIJ Rectus Abdominus I l iopsoas Quadratus Lumborum
Gluteus Medius Lonqissimus Thoracis Gluteus Medius
Gluteus Maximus Longissimus Thoracis I l iopsoas Gluteus Medius
Quadratus Lumborum Quadratus Lumborum back - sacral (other side)
I l iopsoas Rectus Abdominus Quadratus Lumborum
I l iopsoas Gluteus Medius Gluteus Maximus Longissimus Thoracis I l iopsoas
Quadratus Lumborum Quadratus Lumborum (other side) Gluteus Medius
back - lumbar Quadratus Lumborum Longissimus Thoracis
I l iopsoas Gluteus Medius I l iocostal is Thoracis Rectus Abdominus
Quadratus Lumborum Gluteus Medius Quadratus Lumborum (other side) Piriformis
hip - lateral Gluteus Maximus Gluteus Medius
Gluteus Minimus Quadratus Lumborum Tensor Fascia Latae Quadriceps Femoris Vastus Lateral is Quadratus Lumborum (other side)
Quadratus Lumborum buttock I l iocostal is Lumborum Gluteus Medius Gluteus Minimus
1 73
Gluteus Medius Gluteus Minimis Semitendinosus
Gluteus Maximus Semimembranosus Longissimus Thoracis
buttock I l iocostal is Lumborum Piriformis
Gluteus Minimus Gluteus Maximus Gluteus Medius Quadratus Lumborum
Secundary associated chains
I l iocostal is Lumborum Quadratus Lumborum Gluteus Minimus
hip - lateral Gluteus Medius Gluteus Medius
Gluteus Maximus Gluteus Minimis I l iocostalis Lumborum Gluteus Medius
Gluteus Minimus thigh - lateral Quadriceps Femoris Vastus Lateral is
1 74
Gluteus Minimus (L4-S1 )
Chains starting from the Gluteus Minimus
Gluteus Minimus
buttock
hip - lateral
thigh - lateral
thigh - lateral
leg - posterior (calf)
leg - lateral
Piriformis Gluteus Maximus Gluteus Medius Quadriceps Femoris Vastus Lateral is Peroneus Longus Quadratus Lumborum Tensor Fasciae Latae
Primary associated chains
Piriformis Gluteus Maximus Gluteus Medius Quadratus Lumborum Piriformis Gluteus Maximus Gluteus Medius Quadriceps Femoris Vastus Lateral is Quadratus Lumborum Tensor Fasciae Latae Tensor Fasciae Latae Quadratus Femoris Vastus Lateralis
Secundary associated chains
Gluteus Medius Quadratus Femoris Vastus Lateral is Piriformis Quadriceps Femoris Vastus Lateral is Quadriceps Femoris Vastus Lateral is Peroneus Longus
1 75
Chains containing the Gluteus Minimus M uscle
associated muscles
Gluteus Medius
Quadratus Lumborum
G luteus Maximus
Piriformis
Soleus
Gastrocnemius
Peroneus Brevis
Peroneus Longus
Peroneus Longus Peroneus Brevis Peroneus Tertius Tensor Fasciae Latae Soleus Quadratus Lumborum Plantaris Piriformis Gluteus Medius Gluteus Maximus Gastrocnemius
Primary associated chains
Piriformis Gluteus Maximus Gluteus Minimus Tensor Fascia latae Quadratus Lumborum (other side) I l iocostal is Lumborum Gluteus Medius Gluteus Minimus
buttock Gluteus Medius Gluteus Minimis Semitendinosus Semimembranosus Longissimus Thoracis I l iocostalis Lumborum Gluteus Minimus (posterior part) Levator Ani Coccygeus Gluteus Maximus Gluteus Minimus Tibialis Posterior
leg - posterior (calf) Gastrocnemius Soleus Gluteus Minimus Tibialis Posterior Peroneus Longus
ankle - Gluteus Minimus malleolus externus Peroneus Brevis
Gluteus Minimus
1 76
Secundary associated chains
I l iocostal is Lumborum Quadratus Lumborum Gluteus Minimus
hip -. Iateral Gluteus Medius Gluteus Medius
Gluteus Maximus Gluteus Minimis I l iocostal is Lumborum Gastrocnemius
Plantaris knee - posterior Gluteus Minimus Soleus
1 77
Gracilis (L2-L4)
C hains starting from the Gracilis
associated muscles Sartorius
Chains containing the Gracilis Muscle
associated muscles
Sartorius
Sartorius Obliquus Externus Abdominis Rectus Abdominis Pectineus
Primary associated chains
Adductor Magnus thigh - medial Gracil is
Quadriceps Femoris Vastus Medial is
1 78
Iliocostalis Lumborum (C4-L3)
Chains starting from the Iliocostalis Lumborum
associated muscles Latissimus Dorsi Quadratus Lumborum Serratus Posterior Inferior Serratus Posterior Superior
Chains containing the Iliocostalis Lumborum Muscle
associated muscles
Quadratus Lumborum
Gluteus Maximus
Semitendinosus
Semimembranosus
Quadratus Lumborum Gluteus Maximus
Primary associated chains
Quadratus Lumborum (other side) I l iocostalis Lumborum Gluteus Medius Gluteus Min imus Gluteus Medius Gluteus Minimis Semitendinosus Semimembranosus
buttock Longissimus Thoracis Iliocostalis Lumborum Semimembranosus Quadratus Lumborum I l iocostalis Lumborum Lonqissimus Thoracis Semitendinosus Quadratus Lumborum I l iocostalis Lumborum Lonqissimus Thoracis
1 79
Secundary associated chains
I l iopsoas Longissimus Thoracis I l iocostalis Lumborum
back - SIJ Quadratus Lumborum Quadratus Lumborum (contralateral)
I l iocostalis Lumborum Il iocostalis
Quadratus Lumborum Lumborum back - lumbar Latissimus Dorsi
I l iocostalis I l iopsoas Lumborum
LonQissimus Thoracis Iliocostalis
Quadratus Lumborum Lumborum Gluteus Minimus
hip - lateral Gluteus Medius Gluteus Medius
Gluteus Maximus Gluteus Minimis Iliocostalis Lumborum
1 80
Iliocostalis Thoracis (C4-L3)
Chains starting from the I liocostalis Thoracis
associated muscles
back - mid-thoracic
back - low-thoracic
back - lumbar
Latissimus Dorsi Quadratus Lumborum Serratus Posterior Inferior Serratus Posterior Superior
Primary associated chains
Latissimus Dorsi Serratus Posterior Superior Latissimus Dorsi Serratus Posterior Inferior
Secundary associated chains
Latissimus Dorsi Serratus Posterior I nferior
Chains containing the I l iocostalis Thoracis M uscle
associated muscles
1 81
Serratus Posterior Superior Serratus Posterior I nferior Latissimus Dorsi
Primary associated chains
l l iosostalis Thoracis Latissimus Dorsi back - low-thoracic Rectus Abdominus
Serratus Posterior inferior l l iosostalis Thoracis
Latissimus Dorsi Serratus Anterior Serratus Posterior
back - mid-thoracic Superior Serratus Posterior Scalenus Superior Rhomboideus Major
Iliocostalis Thoracis Iliocostalis Thoracis Rectus Abdominus
I l iopsoas back - lumbar Quadratus Lumborum Longissimus Thoracis Gluteus Medius
Secundary associated chains
I l iocostalis Thoracis Gluteus Maximus back - sacral Longissimus Thoracis
I l iopsoas Serratus Posterior shoulder - posterior Scalenus Superior I l iocostalis Thorac_i�
1 82
Iliopsoas (T1 2-L4)
Chains starting from the Iliopsoas
associated muscles
back - lumbar
back - S IJ
back - sacral
back - lumbar
back - SIJ
Quadratus Lumborum Rectus Abdominus Quadriceps Femoris Rectus Femoris Tensor Fascia Latae Pectineus Semitend inosus Semimembranosus Biceps Femoris Gluteus Maximus Gluteus Medius Gluteus Minimus I l iocostalis Thoracis Longissimus Thoracis I l iocostal is Lumborum Trapezius Splenius Cervi cis Levator Scapulae Suboccipital Sternocleidomastoideus Multifidus (neck)
Primary associated chains
Quadratus Lumborum Longissimus Thoracis Gluteus Medius I l iocostal is Thoracis Rectus Abdominis Rectus Abdominus Quadratus Lumborum Gluteus Medius Longissimus Thoracis Rectus Abdominus Quadratus Lumborum Gluteus Medius Gluteus Maximus Longissimus Thoracis
Secundary associated chains
I l iocostal is Lumborum Longissimus Thoracis Longissimus Thoracis I l iocostal is Lumborum
1 83
C hains containing the Il iopsoas M uscle
associated muscles
Quadratus Lumborum
Quadratus Lumborum
Gluteus Maximus
Quadratus Lumborum
Pectineus
Quadriceps Femoris Vastus Intermedius
Gluteus Maximus
Semitendinosus
Semimembranosus
Tensor Fasciae Latae Quadriceps Femoris Vastus Lateralis Quadriceps Femoris Vastus Intermedius Quadriceps Femoris Vastus Medialis Quadriceps Femoris Rectus Femoris Quadratus Lumborum Pectineus Gluteus Maximus
Primary associated chains
Gluteus Medius back - S IJ Iliopsoas
Quadratus Lumborum (contralateral) I l iopsoas
back - lumbar Quadratus Lumborum (other side) Gluteus Medius Gluteus Medius I l iopsoas Longissimus Thoracis
back - sacral I l iopsoas Quadratus Lumborum (other side) Gluteus Medius Adductor Brevis
hip - anterior Adductor Longus Adductor Magnus I l iopsoas I l iopsoas
thigh - anterior Sartorius Quadriceps Femoris Vastus Medialis
Secundary associated chains
I l iocostal is Thoracis back - sacral Longissimus Thoracis
I l iopsoas I l iopsoas
buttock Multifidus I l iopsoas Multifidus
1 84
Infraspinatus (C4-C6)
Chains starting from the Infraspinatus
associated muscles
shoulder - anterior
shoulder - lateral
shoulder - anterior
shoulder - lateral
Teres Major Teres Minor Deltoideus (Anterior) Supraspinatus Biceps Brachii Latissimus Dorsi Subscapularis Pectoralis Major
Primary associated chains
Biceps Brachii Deltoideus Pectoral is Major (clavicular & sternal) Supraspinatus Teres Major Deltoideus Supraspinatus Subscapularis Pectoralis Major
Secundary associated chains
Pectoral is Major (clavicular & sternal) Subscapularis Latissimus Dorsi Teres Major Teres M inor Deltoideus Latissimus Dorsi
1 85
C hains containing the Infraspinatus M uscle
associated muscles
Deltoideus
Supraspinatus
Supraspinatus
Teres M inor
Subscapularis
Deltoideus
Supraspinatus
Deltoideus
Subscapularis
Rhomboideus Major
Rhomboideus Minor
Teres Minor Supraspinatus Rhomboideus Minor Rhomboideus Major Deltoideus
Primary associated chains
Biceps Brachii Infraspinatus Pectoral is Major
shoulder - anterior (clavicular) Supraspinatus Deltoideus Infraspinatus Deltoideus Infraspinatus Trapezius Deltoideus Infraspinatus Subscapularis Supraspinatus Teres Major
shoulder - posterior Deltoideus Infraspinatus Teres Major Teres Minor Triceps Brachii Supraspinatus Infraspinatus Teres Major Triceps Brachii Deltoideus Infraspinatus Supraspinatus Infraspinatus
shoulder - lateral Deltoideus Infraspinatus Teres Major Pectoralis Major Infraspinatus
back - mid-thoracic Trapezius Infraspinatus Trapezius
1 86
Secundary associated chains
Deltoideus Supraspinatus arm - posterior Latissimus Dorsi
Infraspinatus Supraspinatus elbow - Infraspinatus
epicondylus lateral is Deltoideus Triceps Brachii(caput
Subscapularis hand - wrist - radial longum) Infraspinatus Latissimus Dorsi
Subscapularis hand - dorsal side Infraspinatus & wrist Triceps Brachii
1 87
Interosseus Dorsalis 1 & 2 (fingers) (CB
T1 )
Chains starting from the I nterosseus Dorsalis 1 & 2
associated muscles
fingers - dorsal
fingers - dorsal
Latissimus Dorsi Pectoral is M inor Pectoral is Major Scalenus Triceps Brachii Flexor Carpi Radial is Flexor Carpi Ulnaris Flexor Digitorum Superficial is & Profundus Flexor Poll icis Longus Extensor Carpi Radialis Brevis Extensor Carpi Radialis Longus Extensor Carpi U lnaris Extensor Digitorum (middle finger) Extensor Digitorum (ring finger) Extensor Indicis
Primary associated chains
Scalenus Extensor Digitorum (middle finger) Extensor Digitorum (ring finger)
Secundary associated chains
Latissimus Dorsi . Triceps Brachii
1 88
Flexor Poll icis Longus Extensor Indicis
Chains containing the Interosseus Dorsalis 1 & 2 Muscle
associated muscles Adductor Pollicis
Secundary associated chains
Interosseus Dorsalis Opponens Poll icis hand - wrist - radial 1 & 2
Adductor Poll icis Interosseus Dorsalis 1
Opponens Pollicis fingers - volar Adductor Pollicis
1 89
Interosseus Dorsalis 1 (toes) (51 -52)
C hains containing the Interosseus Dorsalis 1 (toes) Muscle
associated muscles
Abductor Hal lucis
Flexor Digitorum Longus
Flexor Hallucis Longus
Flexor Hal lucis Longus Flexor Digitorum Longus Abductor Hallucis
Primary associated chains
Quadratus Plantae Flexor Hallucis Brevis Flexor Digitorum Brevis Interossei Dorsalis 1 Adductor Hallucis Flexor Digitorum Brevis
foot - plantar Flexor Hal lucis Longus Flexor Hallucis Brevis Interossei Dorsalis 1 Flexor Digitorum Brevis Flexor Digitorum Longus Flexor Hal lucis Brevis Interosseus Dorsalis 1
1 90
Latissimus Dorsi (C6-C8)
Chains starting from the Latissimus Dorsi
associated muscles
back - mid-thoracic
back - low-thoracic
Teres Major Triceps Brachii (caput longum) Rectus Abdominus (upper) Subscapularis I l iocostalis Thoracis Serratus Anterior Serratus Posterior Inferior Serratus Posterior Superior
Primary associated chains
I l iosostal is Thoracis Serratus Anterior Serratus Posterior Superior l I iosostal is Thoracis Rectus Abdominus Serratus Posterior inferior
Chains containing the Latissimus Dorsi M uscle
associated muscles
1 91
l I iosostal is Thoracis Triceps Brachii Teres Minor Teres Major Supraspinatus Subscapularis Serratus Anterior Quadratus Lumborum Multifidus (back) Longissimus Thoracis I nfraspinatus I l iocostal is Lumborum Deltoideus
Primary associated chains
Latissimus Dorsi I l iocostalis Thoracis back - low-thoracic Serratus Posterior
Inferior Latissimus Dorsi
I l iocostalis Thoracis Serratus Posterior Superior
back - mid-thoracic Latissimus Dorsi Multifidus(back) Serratus Posterior
Superior Serratus Anterior Latissimus Dorsi
Scalenus
Secundary associated chains
Quadratus Lumborum I l iocostal is Lumborum Latissimus Dorsi Latissimus Dorsi
Multifidus (back) Serratus Posterior Inferior
back - lumbar Latissimus Dorsi Longissimus Thoracis Serratus Posterior
Inferior Latissimus Dorsi
I l iocostal is Thoracis Serratus Posterior I nferior Latissimus Dorsi
I nfraspinatus shoulder - anterior Teres Major Subscapularis Pectoralis Major
Teres Minor shoulder - posterior Latissimus Dorsi Biceps Brachii Deltoideus
Teres Major Latissimus Dorsi Teres Minor
Supraspinatus Deltoideus Latissimus Dorsi
shoulder - lateral Deltoideus Infraspinatus Latissimus Dorsi
Teres Minor Deltoideus
Subscapularis Latissimus Dorsi Teres Minor
1 92
Teres Major Triceps Brachii Teres M inor
arm - posterior Latissimus Dorsi I nfraspinatus
Supraspinatus Deltoideus Latissimus Dorsi Latissimus Dorsi
Subscapularis hand - wrist - u lnar Pectoral is Major Triceps Brachii Deltoideus (posterior) Teres Major Teres Minor
Subscapularis hand - dorsal side Triceps Brachii (caput & wrist longum)
Latissimus Dorsi Pectoral is Major Infraspinatus Latissimus Dorsi
I nterosseus Dorsalis fingers - dorsal Triceps Brachii 1 & 2 Flexor Pollicis Longus
Extensor Indicis
1 93
Levator Ani (53-55)
Chains containing the Levator Ani Muscle
associated muscles Piriformis
Primary associated chains
Gluteus Minimus (posterior part)
Piriformis buttock Levator Ani Coccygeus Gluteus Maximus Levator Ani
Piriformis back - sacral Coccygeus Gluteus Maximus
1 94
Levator Scapulae (C4-C5)
Chains starting from the Levator Scapulae
associated muscles Splenius Cervicis Scalenus
Chains containing the Levator Scapulae M uscle
associated muscles
Multifidus (neck)
Trapezius
Rhomboideus Minor
Trapezius
Rhomboideus Minor
Trapezius
Trapezius Suboccipital Sternocleidomastoideus Mu ltifidus Rhomboideus Major Rhomboideus Minor
Primary associated chains
Levator Scapulae Splenius Cervicis
neck - posterior Levator Scapulae Trapezius (contralateral , TP1 ,2 ,3) Levator Scapulae Trapezius (TP4,5) Levator Scapulae
back - high-thoracic Rhomboideus Major Rhomboideus Minor Scalenus Trapezius (contralateral)
Secundary associated chains
back - mid-thoracic Trapezius Levator Scapulae
shoulder - posterior Levator Scapulae Scalenus
1 95
Longissimus Thoracis (C2-LS)
Chains starting from the Longissimus Thoracis
associated muscles
back - lumbar
Latissimus Dorsi Quadratus Lumborum Serratus Posterior Inferior Serratus Posterior Superior
Secundary associated chains
Latissimus Dorsi Serratus Posterior I nferior
Chains containing the Longissimus Thoracis Muscle
associated muscles
1 96
Gluteus Maximus Serratus Posterior Inferior Serratus Posterior Superior
Primary associated chains
Gluteus Medius Gluteus Maximus Longissimus
Thoracis I l iopsoas
back - sacral Quadratus Lumborum Longissimus
I l iopsoas Thoracis Gluteus Medius I l iocostal is Thoracis Rectus Abdominus Quadratus Lumborum Longissimus
I l iopsoas back - SIJ Thoracis Gluteus Medius Rectus Abdominus Quadratus Lumborum Longissimus
I l iopsoas back - lumbar Thoracis Gluteus Medius Rectus Abdominus Gluteus Maximus Gluteus Medius Gluteus Min imis Semitendinosus
Gluteus Maximus Semimembranosus Longissimus Thoracis I l iocostal is Lumborum
buttock Semimembranosus Quadratus Lumborum
Semitendinosus I l iocostal is Lumborum Longissimus Thoracis Semitendinosus Quadratus Lumborum
Semimembranosus I l iocostal is Lumborum Longissimus Thoracis
1 97
Secundary associated chains
I l iocostal is Lumborum I l iopsoas back - lumbar Longissimus
Thoracis Longissimus
I l iopsoas back - SIJ Thoracis I l iocostal is Lumborum I liocostalis Thoracis
Gluteus Maximus back - sacral Longissimus Thoracis I l iopsoas
1 98
Masseter
Chains starting from the Masseter
associated muscles
ear - TMJ
head - frontal
head - lateral
face - upper cheek
face - lower cheek
eye
Temporal is Pterygoideus Medialis Sternocleidomastoideus Digastricus PteryQoideus Lateral is
Primary associated chains
Sternocleidomastoideus Pterygoideus Medialis Pterygoideus Lateral is Temporal is Sternocleidomastoideus Temporal is Sternocleidomastoideus
Secundary associated chains
Pterygoideus Lateralis Pterygoideus Medialis Sternocleidomastoideus (sternal ) Temporalis (3 anterior TPs) Digastricus Sternocleidomastoideus (sternal) Temporal is (anterior TP) Sternocleidomastoideus (sternal)
1 99
C hains containing the Masseter Muscle
associated muscles
Digastricus
Sternocleidomastoideus
Temporal is
Sternocleidomastoideus
Sternocleidomastoideus
Temporal is
Sternocleidomastoideus
Temporalis
Sternocleidomastoideus
Temporalis Sternocleidomastoideus DiQastricus
Primary associated chains
teeth Masseter Temporalis Masseter
eye Splenius Cervicis (UTP) Orbicularis Oculi Masseter Sternocleidomastoideus
head - frontal Masseter Occipitofrontal is Temporalis Trapezius Masseter Occipitofrontalis
head - lateral Temporalis Sternocleidomastoideus Trapezius Masseter
- -
Secundary associated chains
face - upper cheek Masseter Temporalis
teeth Masseter Sternocleidomastoideus
head - lateral Masseter Splenius Cervicis (UTP)
200
Multifidus (neck) (C3-S4)
Chains starting from the Multifidus (neck)
associated muscles
neck - posterior
Levator Scapulae Semispinalis Capitis Semispinalis Cervicis Sternocleidomastoideus Splenius Cervicis
Primary associated chains
Chains containing the M ultifidus (neck) Muscle
associated muscles Suboccipital
201
Multifidus (back) (C3-S4)
C hains starting from the M ultifidus (back)
associated muscles
back - mid-thoracic
back - lumbar
Latissimus Dorsi Quadratus Lumborum Serratus Posterior I nferior Serratus Posterior Superior
Primary associated chains
Latissimus Dorsi Serratus Posterior Su erior
Secundary associated chains
Latissimus Dorsi Serratus Posterior I nferior
Chains containing the M ultifidus (back) M uscle
associated muscles I Serratus Posterior Superior
Primary associated chains
Semimembranosus Quadratus Lumborum
Semitendinosus I l iocostal is Lumborum Longissimus Thoracis
buttock Multifidus Semitendinosus Quadratus Lumborum
Semimembranosus I l iocostalis Lumborum Longissimus Thoracis Multifidus
202
Secundary associated chains
Semitendinosus I l iopsoas buttock Multifidus
Semimembranosus I l iopsoas Multifidus Biceps Femoris Multifidus
Semitendinosus Quadriceps Femoris thigh - posterior Vastus Lateralis
Biceps Femoris Semimembranosus Multifidus
Quadriceps Femoris Vastus Lateral is
203
Obliquus Externus Abdominis (T5-T1 2)
C hains starting from the Obliquus Externus Abdominus
associated muscles
groin
hip - anterior
abdomen
Rectus Abdominis Adductor Longus Adductor Brevis Adductor Magnus Gracilis Pectineus
Primary associated chains
Adductor Brevis Adductor Longus Adductor Magnus Pectineus Adductor Brevis Adductor Longus Adductor Magnus Pectineus
Secundary associated chains
Rectus Abdominis Adductor Ma nus
C hains containing the Obliquus Externus Abdominus Muscle
associated muscles
Rectus Abdominus
Rectus Abdominis Quadratus Lumborum
Secundary associated chains
Obliquus Externus abdomen Abdominis
Adductor Magnus
204
Obturatorius Internus (L 1 -L4)
Chains containing the Obturatorius Externus M uscle
associated muscles Piriformis
205
Occi pitofrontal is
C hains containing the Occipitofrontalis Muscle
Primary associated chains
Trapezius (TP1 ) Sternocleidomastoideus Temporalis
Occipitofrontalis Masseter
head - lateral Temporalis Trapezius Trapezius
(contralateral , TP1 ) Occipitofrontalis Masseter
Sternocleidomastoideus head - frontal Occipitofrontalis Temporalis
Secundary associated chains
Trapezius Trapezius head - occipital (contralateral)
Temporal is Occipitofrontalis
206
Opponens Pollicis (C6-C7)
Chains starting from the Opponens Pollicis
associated muscles
hand - wrist - radial
fingers - volar
I nterosseus Dorsalis 1 Adductor Poll icis
Secundary associated chains
I nterosseus Dorsalis 1 Adductor Poll icis Interosseus Dorsal is 1 Adductor Poll icis
Chains containing the Opponens Pollicis M uscle
associated muscles Adductor Poll icis
207
Orbicularis Oculi
Chains containing the Orbicularis Oculi M uscle
associated muscles Sternocleidomastoideus
Primary associated chains
Masseter Sternocleidomastoideus eye Splenius Cervi cis (sternal) (UTP)
Orbicularis Oculi
208
Palmaris Longus (CB-T1 )
Chains starting from the Palmaris Longus
associated muscles
hand - volar side & wrist
hand - volar side & wrist
Abductor Digiti Minimi Flexor Poll icis Longus Flexor Digitorum Superficialis & Profundus Flexor Carpi Radial is Flexor Carpi U lnaris
Primary associated chains
Secundary associated chains
Flexor Poll icis Longus Flexor Digitorum Superficial is & Profundus
Chains containing the Palmaris Longus Muscle
associated muscles Supinator
209
Pectineus (L2-L4)
C hains starting from the Pectineus
associated muscles
groin
hip - anterior
Adductor Longus Adductor Brevis Adductor Magnus Graci l is I l iopsoas
Primary associated chains
Adductor Brevis Adductor Longus Adductor Magnus Adductor Brevis Adductor Longus Adductor Magnus
Chains containing the Pectineus Muscle
associated muscles Obliquus Externus Abdominis I l iopsoas Adductor Magnus Adductor Longus
. Adductor Brevis
2 1 0
Primary associated chains
Adductor Brevis Obliquus Externus Adductor Longus Abdominus Adductor Magnus
Pectineus Adductor Longus
Adductor Brevis Adductor Magnus hip - anterior Pectineus
Adductor Brevis Adductor Longus Adductor Magnus
Pectineus Adductor Longus
Adductor Magnus Adductor Brevis Pectineus Adductor Brevis
Obliquus Externus Adductor Longus Abdominus Adductor Magnus
Pectineus Adductor Longus
Adductor Brevis Adductor Magnus groin Pectineus
Adductor Brevis Adductor Longus Adductor Magnus
Pectineus Adductor Longus
Adductor Magnus Adductor Brevis Pectineus
Secundary associated chains
Adductor Brevis Adductor Longus
Adductor Magnus thigh - anterior Quadriceps Femoris Vastus Medial is Pectineus
21 1
Pectoralis Major (C5-T1 )
Chains starting from the Pectoralis Major
associated muscles
thorax - anterior
shoulder - anterior
shoulder - lateral
shoulder - anterior
shoulder - lateral
Deltoideus (anterior part) Coracobrachialis Sternal is Sternocleidomastoideus Scalenus Serratus Anterior Rhomboidei Trapezius (middle part) Subscapularis Teres Minor Deltoideus (posterior part)
Primary associated chains
Scalenus Sternalis Coracobrachial is Deltoideus Scalenus Coracobrachialis Deltoideus Scalenus Subscapularis
Secundary associated chains
Sternalis Subscapularis Teres Minor Deltoideus
elbow - epicondylus medialis Sternalis Serratus Anterior
2 1 2
- -
Chains containing the Pectoralis Major Muscle
associated muscles
Pectoral is Minor
Scalenus
Deltoideus
Infraspinatus
Scalenus
Pectoralis M inor
I nfraspinatus
Trapezius Subscapularis Sternocleidomastoideus Scalenus Rhomboideus Minor Rhomboideus Major Pectoral is Minor Infraspinatus Deltoideus
Primary associated chains
Pectoralis Major Sternalis
thorax - anterior Scalenus Pectoralis Major Pectoral is M inor Biceps Brachii I nfraspinatus Pectoralis Major (clavicular) Supraspinatus Biceps Brachii Deltoideus Pectoralis Major (clavicular & sternal)
shoulder - anterior Supraspinatus Pectoralis Major (clavicular & sternal) Pectoral is Minor Deltoideus Pectoralis Major (clavicular & sternal) Scalenus Teres Major Deltoideus Pectoralis Major (clavicular & sternal) Supraspinatus Subscapularis
2 1 3
Teres Major Infraspinatus
Subscapularis Deltoideus Pectoralis Major (clavicular & sternal)
shoulder - lateral Deltoideus Pectoralis M inor Pectoralis Major
(clavicular & sternal) Scalenus Pectoralis Major
Scalenus (clavicular & sternal) Pectoralis Minor
Secundary associated chains
Teres Major Infraspinatus Latissimus Dorsi
Subscapularis shoulder - anterior Pectoralis Major
Pectoralis Minor Pectoralis Major Sternalis Brachialis
Scalenus arm - anterior Pectoralis Major Pectoral is Minor Triceps Brachii Latissimus Dorsi
Subscapularis hand - wrist - ulnar Triceps Brachii Pectoralis Major
Pectoralis M inor Sternocleidomastoideus Pectoralis Major
Sternal is thorax - anterior Sternocleidomastoideus Pectoralis Major
Scalenus Sternocleidomastoideus Pectoralis Major
2 1 4
Pectoralis Minor (C6-C8)
Chains starting from the Pectoralis Minor
associated muscles
thorax - anterior
shoulder - anterior
shoulder - lateral
shoulder - anterior
thorax - anterior
Pectoral is Major Deltoideus (anterior part) Scalenus Sternocleidomastoideus Sternalis
Primary associated chains
Pectoral is Major Sternalis Scalenus Deltoideus , Pectoral is Major Scalenus Deltoideus , .
, Pectoral is Major Scalenus
Secundary associated chains
Pectoral is Major Sternal is Sternocleidomastoideus Pectoral is Major
Chains containing the Pectoralis Minor M uscle
associated muscles
2 1 5
Scalenus Rhomboideus Major Rhomboideus Minor Extensor Carpi Radialis Longus Extensor Carpi Radialis Brevis
Primary associated chains
Scalenus thorax - anterior Pectoral is Major Pectoralis Minor
Scalenus shoulder - anterior Pectoral is Major Pectoralis Minor
Scalenus shoulder - lateral Pectoralis Major Pectoralis Minor
Secundary associated chains
Brachialis Scalenus arm - anterior Pectoral is Major
Pectoralis Minor Triceps Brachii Extensor Carpi Radial is Brevis
Scalenus hand - wrist - ulnar Extensor Digitorum (ring finger) Pectoralis Minor Triceps Brachii
2 1 6
Peroneus Brevis (L5-S1 )
Chains starting from the Peroneus Brevis
associated muscles Peroneus Longus Peroneus Tertius Extensor Digitorum Longus Tibialis Posterior Gastrocnemius Soleus Gluteus Minimus
Primary associated chains
ankle - malleolus - externus Peroneus Longus Gluteus Minimus
Chains containing the Peroneus Brevis Muscle
associated muscles
Peroneus Longus
Extensor Digitorum Longus
Extensor Hal lucis Longus Peroneus Tertius
Peroneus Longus Peroneus Tertius Tibialis Posterior Extensor Hal lucis Longus
Primary associated chains
ankle -malleolus - extern us
Secundary associated chains
foot - dorsal
leg - lateral
2 1 7
Peroneus Brevis Gluteus Minimus
Peroneus Longus Peroneus Brevis Peroneus Tertius Peroneus Longus Peroneus Brevis Peroneus Tertius Peroneus Brevis Peroneus Longus
Peroneus Longus (L5-S1 )
Chains starting from the Peroneus Longus
associated muscles Peroneus Brevis Peroneus Tertius Extensor Digitorum Longus Tibial is Posterior Gastrocnemius Soleus Gluteus M inimus
Primary associated chains
ankle - malleolus - extern us Peroneus Brevis Gluteus Minimus
C hains containing the Peroneus Longus Muscle
associated muscles Peroneus Brevis Peroneus Tertius Tibialis Posterior Tibial is Anterior Gluteus Minimus
. Extensor Hal lucis LonQus
2 1 8
Peroneus Brevis
Extensor Digitorum Longus
Extensor Hallucis Longus Peroneus Tertius
Gluteus Minimus
Primary associated chains
ankle -malleolus - extern us
Secundary associated chains
foot - dorsal
leg - lateral
2 1 9
Peroneus Longus Gluteus Minimus
Peroneus Longus Peroneus Brevis Peroneus Tertius Peroneus Longus Peroneus Brevis Peroneus Tertius Peroneus Brevis Peroneus Longus Quadriceps Femoris Vastus Lateralis Peroneus Longus
Peroneus Tertius (L5-S1 )
Chains starting from the Peroneus Tertius
associated muscles
leg - lateral
Peroneus Longus Peroneus Brevis Extensor Digitorum Longus Tibialis Posterior Gastrocnemius Soleus Gluteus Minimus
Secundary associated chains
Peroneus Brevis Peroneus Lon us
Chains containing the Peroneus Tertius Muscle
associated muscles
Extensor Digitorum Longus
Extensor Hal lucis Longus
Peroneus Brevis Peroneus Longus Plantaris Extensor Hal lucis Longus
Secundary associated chains
Peroneus Longus Peroneus Brevis
foot - dorsal Peroneus Tertius Peroneus Longus Peroneus Brevis Peroneus Tertius
220
Piriformis (L5-S2)
Chains starting from the Piriformis
associated muscles
back - sacral
buttock
Gluteus Minimus (posterior part) Levator Ani Coccygeus Gluteus Maximus
Primary associated chains
Levator Ani Coccygeus Gluteus Maximus Gluteus Minimus (posterior part) Levator Ani Coccygeus Gluteus Maximus
Chains containing the Piriformis Muscle
associated muscles
221
Gluteus Minimus Gluteus Medius
Primary associated chains
Gluteus Medius back - sacral Gluteus Maximus Piriformis Piriformis Gluteus Maximus Gluteus Medius
Gluteus Minimus Quadratus Lumborum Tensor Fascia Latae
hip - lateral Quadriceps Femoris Vastus Lateral is Piriformis
Gluteus Medius Gluteus Maximus Tensor Fascia Latae Piriformis
Gluteus Medius Gluteus Maximus Gluteus Minimus
buttock Tensor Fascia latae Piriformis
Gluteus Minimus Gluteus Maximus Gluteus Medius Quadratus Lumborum
Secundary associated chains
Piriformis Gluteus Minimus leg - posterior (calf) Quadriceps Femoris
Vastus Lateral is
222
Plantaris (51 -52)
Chains starting from the Plantaris
associated muscles
knee - posterior
Gastrocnemius Soleus Tibialis Posterior Flexor Hal lucis Longus Flexor Digitorum Longus Gluteus Minimus Extensor Digitorum Longus Extensor Hal lucis Longus Peroneus Tertius
Secundary associated chains
Gastrocnemius Gluteus Minimus Soleus
Chains containing the Plantaris M uscle
associated muscles
Popliteus
Popliteus
Primary associated chains
knee - posterior
223
Gastrocnemius Plantaris
Popliteus
Popliteus
Popliteus (L4-S1 )
C hains starting from the Popliteus
Gastrocnemius Plantaris
Primary associated chains
224
Gastrocnemius Plantaris
Pronator Teres (C6-C7)
Chains starting from the Pronator Teres
associated muscles
hand - volar side & wrist
hand - wrist - radial
Flexor Carpi Radial is Flexor Carpi Ulnaris Flexor Digitorum Superficialis & Profundus Flexor Poll icis Longus
Primary associated chains
Secundary associated chains
225
Flexor Carpi Radialis Flexor Pol l i lcis Longus Flexor Digitorum Superficial is
Pterygoideus Lateralis
Chains containing the Pterygoideus Lateralis Muscle
associated muscles
Masseter
Masseter
Temporal is Masseter
Primary associated chains
Sternocleidomastoideus ear - TMJ Pterygoideus Medialis
Pterygoideus Lateralis
Secundary associated chains
Pterygoideus Lateralis Pterygoideus Medial is
face - upper cheek Sternocleidomastoideus (sternal) Temporal is (3 anterior TPs)
226
Pterygoideus Medialis
Chains containing the Pterygoideus Medialis Muscle
associated muscles
Masseter
Masseter
Temporal is Masseter
Primary associated chains
Sternocleidomastoideus ear - TMJ Pterygoideus Medialis
Pterygoideus Lateral is
Secundary associated chains
Sternocieidomastoideus face - upper cheek Pterygoideus Medialis
Pterygoideus Lateral is Temporalis
227
Quadratus Lumborum (T1 2-L4)
C hains starting from the Quadratus Lumborum
associated muscles
back - lumbar
back - sacral
back - SIJ
buttock
back - lumbar
back - SIJ
Quadratus Lumborum (other side) I l iopsoas I l iocostal is Lumborum Obliquus Externus Abdominus Latissimus Dorsi Gluteus Medius Gluteus M inimus
Primary associated chains
I l iopsoas Quadratus Lumborum (other side) Gluteus Medius Gluteus Medius Quadratus Lumborum (other side) I l iopsoas Gluteus Medius I l iopsoas Quadratus Lumborum (contralateral) Quadratus Lumborum (other side) I l iocostalis Lumborum Gluteus Medius Gluteus Minimus
Secundary associated chains
I l iocostal is Lumborum Latissimus Dorsi Quadratus Lumborum (contralateral) I l iocostal is Lumborum
228
Chains containing the Quadratus Lumborum Muscle
associated muscles
Quadratus Lumborum
I l iopsoas
Quadratus Lumborum
I l iopsoas
Quadratus Lumborum
I l iopsoas
I l iopsoas Multifidus (back) I l iocostal is Thoracis Gluteus Minimus Longissimus Thoracis I l iocostalis Lumborum
Primary associated chains
Gluteus Medius I l iopsoas Quadratus Lumborum (contralateral )
back - SIJ Rectus Abdominus Quadratus Lumborum Gluteus Medius · Longissimus Thoracis I liopsoas Quadratus Lumborum(other side) Gluteus Medius
back - sacral Rectus Abdominus Quadratus Lumborum Gluteus Medius Gluteus Maximus Longissimus Thoracis I l iopsoas Quadratus Lumborum(other side) Gluteus Medius
back - lumbar Quadratus Lumborum Longissimus Thoracis Gluteus Medius Rectus Abdominus I l iocostal is Thoracis
229
Piriformis Gluteus Maximus Gluteus Medius
Gluteus Minimus Quadratus Lumborum Tensor Fascia Latae
h ip - lateral Quadriceps Femoris Vastus Lateral is Gluteus Medius
Quadratus Lumborum Quadratus Lumborum (other side) Quadratus Lumborum (other side)
Quadratus Lumborum I l iocostalis Lumborum Gluteus Medius Gluteus Minimus Semimembranosus Quadratus Lumborum
Semitendinosus I l iocostalis Lumborum Longissimus Thoracis
buttock Multifidus Semitendinosus Quadratus Lumborum
Semimembranosus I l iocostal is Lumborum Longissimus Thoracis Multifidus Piriformis
Gluteus Minimus Gluteus Maximus Gluteus Medius Quadratus Lumborum
Secundary associated chains
Quadratus Lumborum Quadratus Lumborum back - SIJ (contralateral )
I l iocostal is Lumborum I l iopsoas hip - anterior Quadratus Lumborum
Rectus Abdominus
230
Quadratus Plantae (51 -52)
Chains containing the Quadratus Plantae Muscle
associated muscles Abductor Hal lucis
Primary associated chains
Quadratus Plantae Flexor Hallucis Brevis
Abductor Hal lucis foot - plantar Flexor Digitorum Brevis Interossei Dorsalis 1 Adductor Hal lucis
231
Quadriceps Femoris Rectus Femoris (L2-L4)
Chains starting from the Quadriceps Femoris Rectus Femoris
Quadriceps Femoris Rectus Femoris I l iopsoas
knee -anterior
Quadriceps Femoris Vastus Medialis Quadriceps Femoris Vastus Lateral is Quadriceps Femoris Vastus Intermedius Sartorius
Primary associated chains
Chains containing the Quadriceps Femoris Rectus Femoris M uscle
associated muscles
232
Quadriceps Femoris Vastus Medialis Quadriceps Femoris Vastus Lateralis Quadriceps Femoris Vastus Intermedius Tensor Fascia Latae Sartorius I l iopsoas Gluteus Maximus
Primary associated chains
Quadriceps Femoris Quadriceps Femoris Rectus Femoris Vastus Lateral is Quadriceps Femoris
knee - anterior Vastus Medialis Quadriceps Femoris
Quadriceps Femoris Rectus Femoris Vastus Medialis Quadriceps Femoris
Vastus Lateral is
Secundary associated chains
Quadriceps Femoris Quadriceps Femoris Rectus Femoris Vastus Intermedius Quadriceps Femoris
Vastus Medialis thigh - anterior Adductor Brevis
Adductor Longus Sartorius Quadriceps Femoris
Vastus Medialis Quadriceps Femoris Rectus Femoris
Quadriceps Femoris Quadriceps Femoris Vastus Medialis knee - medial Rectus Femoris
Sartorius
233
Quadriceps Femoris Vastus
Intermedius (L2-L4)
Chains starting from the Quadriceps Femoris Vastus I ntermedius
associated muscles
thigh - anterior
thigh - anterior
I l iopsoas Quadriceps Femoris Vastus Lateral is Quadriceps Femoris Vastus Medial is Quadriceps Femoris Rectus Femoris Sartorius
Primary associated chains
I l iopsoas Sartorius Quadriceps Femoris Vastus Medialis
Secundary associated chains
Chains containing the Quadriceps Femoris Vastus Intermedius M uscle
associated muscles
234
Quadriceps Femoris Vastus Medialis Quadriceps Femoris Vastus Lateral is Quadriceps Femoris Rectus Femoris
Quadriceps Femoris Vastus Lateralis (L2-L4)
Chains starting from the Quadriceps Femoris Vastus Lateralis
associated muscles I l iopsoas
knee -anterior
Quadriceps Femoris Vastus Intermedius Quadriceps Femoris Vastus Medialis Quadriceps Femoris Rectus Femoris Sartorius
Primary associated chains
Chains containing the Quadriceps Femoris Vastus Lateralis M uscle
associated muscles Quadriceps Femoris Vastus Medial is Quadriceps Femoris Rectus Femoris Quadriceps Femoris Vastus Intermedius Semitendinosus Semimembranosus Biceps Femoris
235
Primary associated chains
Piriformis Gluteus Maximus Gluteus Medius
Gluteus Minimus hip - lateral Quadratus Lumborum Tensor Fascia Latae Quadriceps Femoris Vastus Lateralis Tensor Fasciae Latae
Gluteus Minimus thigh - lateral Quadriceps Femoris Vastus Lateralis Quadriceps Femoris
Biceps Femoris knee - posterior Vastus Lateralis Gastrocnemius Quadriceps Femoris
Quadriceps Femoris Vastus Lateralis Rectus Femoris Quadriceps Femoris
knee - anterior Vastus Medialis Quadriceps Femoris
Quadriceps Femoris Vastus Lateralis Vastus Medial is Quadriceps Femoris
Rectus Femoris
Secundary associated chains
Gluteus Medius Gluteus Minimus thigh - lateral Quadriceps Femoris
Vastus Lateralis Biceps Femoris
Semitendinosus Multifidus Quadriceps Femoris
thigh - posterior Vastus Lateralis Biceps Femoris
Semimembranosus Multifidus Quadriceps Femoris Vastus Lateralis Quadriceps Femoris
Gluteus Minimus leg - lateral Vastus Lateralis Peroneus Longus Piriformis
Gluteus Minimus leg - posterior (calf) Quadriceps Femoris Vastus Lateralis
236
Quadriceps Femoris Vastus Medialis (L2-L4)
C hains starting from the Quadriceps Femoris Vastus M edialis
associated muscles I l iopsoas
knee -anterior
knee - medial
Quadriceps Femoris Rectus Femoris Quadriceps Femoris Vastus Lateral is Quadriceps Femoris Vastus I ntermedius Sartorius
Primary associated chains
Secundary associated chains
Quadriceps Femoris Rectus Femoris Sartorius
Chains containing the Quadriceps Femoris Vastus Medialis M uscle
associated muscles Quadriceps Femoris Rectus Femoris Quadriceps Femoris Vastus Lateralis Quadriceps Femoris Vastus Intermedius Sartorius Adductor Longus Adductor Brevis Adductor Magnus
237
Primary associated chains
I l iopsoas Quadriceps Femoris Sartorius Vastus Intermedius Quadriceps Femoris
thigh - anterior Vast us Medialis Adductor Magnus
Sartorius Quadriceps Femoris Vastus Medialis Adductor Magnus
Sartorius thigh - medial Graci l is Quadriceps Femoris Vastus Medialis Adductor Longus
Adductor Brevis Quadriceps Femoris Vastus Medialis Adductor Brevis
Adductor Longus Quadriceps Femoris Vastus Medialis
knee - anterior Quadriceps Femoris Quadriceps Femoris Rectus Femoris Vastus Lateral is Quadriceps Femoris
Vastus Medialis Quadriceps Femoris
Quadriceps Femoris Vastus Lateralis Rectus Femoris Quadriceps Femoris
Vastus Medialis
238
Secundary associated chains
Quadriceps Femoris Quadriceps Femoris Rectus Femoris Vastus Intermedius Quadriceps Femoris
Vastus Medialis Adductor Brevis Adductor Longus
Sartorius Femoris Vastus thigh - anterior Quadriceps Medialis
Quadriceps Femoris Rectus Femoris Adductor Brevis Adductor Longus
Adductor Magnus Quadriceps Femoris Vastus Medialis Pectineus Adductor Brevis
Adductor Magnus Adductor Longus Quadriceps Femoris
thigh - medial Vastus Medialis Adductor Brevis
Sartorius Adductor Longus Quadriceps Femoris Vastus Medialis
239
Rectus Abdominus (T5-T1 2)
C hains starting from the Rectus Abdominus
associated muscles Obliquus Externus Abdominus Adductor Longus
abdomen
Adductor Brevis Adductor Magnus Graci l is
Secundary associated chains
Obliquus Externus Abdominis Adductor Ma nus
C hains containing the Rectus Abdominus Muscle
associated muscles
240
I l iopsoas Latissimus Dorsi
Primary associated chains
l I iosostal is Thoracis Latissimus Dorsi back - low-thoracic Rectus Abdominus
Serratus Posterior inferior Rectus Abdominus Quadratus Lumborum
I l iopsoas back - lumbar Gluteus Medius Longissimus Thoracis I l iocostalis Thoracis Rectus Abdominus
I l iopsoas back - SIJ Quadratus Lumborum Gluteus Medius LonQissimus Thoracis Rectus Abdominus Quadratus Lumborum
I l iopsoas back - sacral Gluteus Medius Gluteus Maximus Lonqissimus Thoracis
Secundary associated chains
Obliquus Externus abdomen Rectus Abdominus Abdominus Adductor MaQnus I l iopsoas hip - anterior Quadratus Lumborum
Rectus Abdominus
241
Rhomboideus Major (T1 -T4)
Chains starting from the Rhomboideus Major
associated muscles
back - mid-thoracic
Levator Scapulae Trapezius Infraspinatus Pectoralis Major Pectoralis Minor
Primary associated chains
Chains containing the Rhomboideus Major Muscle
associated muscles
Trapezius
Serratus Posterior Superior
Trapezius
Trapezius Rhomboideus Minor Pectoral is Major Serratus Posterior Superior
Primary associated chains
Levator Scapulae Rhomboideus Major
back - high-thoracic Rhomboideus Minor Scalenus Trapezius (contralateral) Scalenus Rhomboideus Major
back - mid-thoracic I l iocostal is Thoracis Rhomboideus Major Scalenus Trapezius (contralateral)
242
Rhomboideus Minor (C4-C5)
Chains starting from the Rhomboideus Minor
associated muscles
back - high-thoracic
back - mid-thoracic
back - mid-thoracic
Levator Scapulae Trapezius Infraspinatus Pectoral is Major Pectoral is M inor
Primary associated chains
Levator Scapulae Trapezius (TP4,5) Trapezius (TP4) Infraspinatus
Secundary associated chains
Trapezius (TP3-5) Levator Sca u lae
Chains containing the Rhomboideus Minor M uscle
associated muscles
Trapezius
Trapezius Rhomboideus Major Pectoral is Major Serratus Posterior Superior
Primary associated chains
Levator Scapulae Rhomboideus Major
back - high-thoracic Rhomboideus Minor Scalenus Trapezius (contralateral)
243
Sartorius lL 1 -L3)
Chains starting from the Sartorius
associated muscles
hip - anterior
thigh - medial
thigh - anterior
thigh - medial
thigh - anterior
Adductor Brevis Adductor Longus Adductor Magnus Gracilis Quadriceps Femoris Vastus Medialis Quadriceps Femoris Rectus Femoris
Primary associated chains
Adductor Brevis Adductor Longus Adductor Magnus Adductor Magnus Graci l is Quadriceps Femoris Vastus Medialis Adductor Magnus Quadriceps Femoris Vastus Medialis
Secundary associated chains
Adductor Brevis Adductor Longus Quadriceps Femoris Vastus Medialis Adductor Brevis Adductor Longus Quadriceps Femoris Vastus Medialis Quadriceps Femoris Rectus Femoris
Chains containing the Sartorius M uscle
associated muscles
244
Graci l is Quadriceps Femoris Vastus Medialis Quadriceps Femoris Rectus Femoris Quadriceps Femoris Vastus Lateralis Quadriceps Femoris Vastus Intermedius Tensor Fasciae Latae
Primary associated chains
I l iopsoas Quadriceps Femoris thigh - anterior Sartorius Vastus Intermedius Quadriceps Femoris
Vastus Medialis
Secundary associated chains
Quadriceps Femoris Quadriceps Femoris Vastus Medialis knee - medial Rectus Femoris
Sartorius
245
Scalenus (C4-C8)
Chains starting from the Scalenus
associated muscles
shoulder - anterior
shoulder - lateral
hand - wrist - radial
hand - dorsal side & wrist
Sternocleidomastoideus Trapezius (TP2,3) Splenius Capitis Pectoral is Major Pectoral is Minor Triceps Brachii (caput longum) Brachialis Brachioradial is Extensor Carpi Radialis Longus Extensor Carpi Radialis Brevis Extensor Digitorum (middle finger) Extensor Digitorum (ring finger)
Primary associated chains
Pectoral is Major (clavicular & sternal) Pectoral is Minor Pectoral is Major (clavicular & sternal) Pectoralis Minor Brachialis Brachioradial is Extensor Carpi Radialis Brevis Brachialis Brachioradialis Extensor Carpi Radialis Brevis
Secundary associated chains
back - high-thoracic Trapezius Triceps Brachii
arm - anterior Brachialis Pectoral is Major Pectoral is M inor Triceps Brachii
hand - wrist - radial Triceps Brachii Extensor Digitorum (middle finger) Extensor Carpi Rad ial is Longus
hand - dorsal side & wrist Extensor Carpi Radial is Longus Triceps Brachii
246
hand - wrist - ulnar Extensor Carpi Radial is Brevis Triceps Brachii Pectoral is Minor Extensor DiQitorum (rinQ finQer)
thorax - anterior Sternocleidomastoideus Pectoralis Major
Chains containing the Scalenus M uscle
associated muscles
Trapezius
Serratus Anterior
Serratus Posterior Superior
Trapezius
Pectoralis Minor
Sternocleidomastoideus Trapezius Pectoralis Major Pectoral is Minor Extensor Carpi Radialis Longus Extensor Carpi Radialis Brevis Levator Scapulae Serratus Anterior Serratus Posterior Superior
Primary associated chains
Levator Scapulae Rhomboideus Major
back - high-thoracic Rhomboideus Minor Scalenus Trapezius (contralateral) Latissimus Dorsi Scalenus Scalenus
back - mid-thoracic Rhomboideus Major I l iocostal is Thoracis Rhomboideus Major Scalenus Trapezius (contralateral) Pectoral is Major Sternal is
thorax - anterior Scalenus
247
Pectoral is Major Scalenus Sternalis Deltoideus (anterior)
Pectoral is M inor Pectoral is Major (clavicular & sternal)
shoulder - anterior Scalenus Coracobrachialis
Pectoral is Major Deltoideus (anterior) Scalenus Coracobrachialis
Pectoral is Major Deltoideus (anterior) Scalenus
shoulder - lateral Subscapularis Deltoideus (anterior)
Pectoral is Minor Scalenus Pectoral is Major
Extensor Carpi Radialis Extensor Carpi Rad ialis Longus hand - wrist - radial Brevis
Scalenus Scalenus Extensor Digitorum
Interosseus Dorsalis fingers - dorsal (middle finger) Extensor Digitorum (ring finger)
Secundary associated chains
Serratus Posterior Scalenus Superior shoulder - posterior I l iocostal is Thoracis Trapezius Levator Scapulae
Scalenus Extensor Carpi Radialis Extensor Carpi Radialis Brevis hand - wrist - radial Longus
Scalenus Extensor Carpi Radialis Extensor Carpi Radialis Brevis hand - dorsal side Longus
& wrist Scalenus Serratus Anterior thorax - anterior Sternocleidomastoideus
Scalenus
248
Semimembranosus (L5-S2)
Chains starting from the Semimembranosus
associated muscles
buttock
thigh - posterior
buttock
Adductor Magnus Quadriceps Femoris Vastus Lateral is Quadriceps Femoris Vastus Medial is Quadriceps Femoris Vastus Intermedius Quadriceps Femoris Rectus Femoris Gastrocnemius Semitend inosus Biceps Femoris I l iopsoas Quadratus Lumborum Rectus Abdominis I l iocostal is Thoracis I l iocostal is Lumborum Longissimus Thoracis Multifidus
Primary associated chains
Semitendinosus Quadratus Lumborum I l iocostal is Lumborum Longissimus Thoracis Multifidus
Secundary associated chains
Biceps Femoris Multifidus Quadriceps Femoris Vastus Lateral is I l iopsoas Multifidus
249
Chains containing the Semimembranosus Muscle
associated muscles
Gluteus Maximus
Semitendinosus
Biceps Femoris
Gastrocnemius
Biceps Femoris Semitendinosus Gluteus Maximus Gastrocnemius
Primary associated chains
Gluteus Medius Gluteus Minimis Semitendinosus Semimembranosus Longissimus Thoracis
buttock I l iocostal is Lumborum Semimembranosus Quadratus Lumborum I l iocostal is Lumborum Longissimus Thoracis Multifidus
Secundary associated chains
knee - posterior Semimembranosus Semitendinosus Semimembranosus Semitendinosus
leg - posterior (calf) Biceps Femoris Flexor Digitorum Longus
250
Semispinalis Capitis (C3-C6)
Chains starting from the Semispinalis Capitis
associated muscles
head - lateral
Levator Scapulae Semispinalis Cervicis Splenius Cervicis Sternocleidomastoideus Multifidus (neck)
Secundary associated chains
Splenius Cervicis (UTP) Sternocleidomastoideus
Chains containing the Semispinalis Capitis M uscle
associated muscles
Primary associated chains
Semispinalis Capitis Suboccipital head - lateral Sternocleidomastoideus
(Sternal) Trapezius (TP1)
Secundary associated chains
Semispinalis Capitis Semispinalis Cervicis head - occipital Sternocleidomastoideus
Splenius Cervicis
251
Semispinalis Cervi cis (C3-C6)
Chains starting from the Semispinalis Cervicis
associated muscles
head - occipital
Multifidus (neck) Splenius Cervicis Semispinalis Capitis Levator Scapulae Sternocleidomastoideus
Secundary associated chains
Semispinalis Capitis Sternocleidomastoideus Splenius Cervicis
Chains containing the Semispinalis Cervicis Muscle
associated muscles
252
Semitendinosus (L5-S2)
Chains starting from the Semitendinosus
associated muscles
buttock
buttock
thigh - posterior
Adductor Magnus Quadriceps Femoris Vastus Lateral is Quadriceps Femoris Vastus Medialis Quadriceps Femoris Vastus I ntermedius Quadriceps Femoris Rectus Femoris Gastrocnemius Semimembranosus Biceps Femoris I l iopsoas Quadratus Lumborum Rectus Abdominis I l iocostal is Thoracis I l iocostal is Lumborum Longissimus Thoracis Multifidus
Primary associated chains
Semimembranosus Quadratus Lumborum I l iocostal is Lumborum Longissimus Thoracis Multifidus
Secundary associated chains
I l iopsoas Multifidus Biceps Femoris Multifidus Quadriceps Femoris Vastus Lateralis
253
Chains containing the Semitendinosus Muscle
associated muscles
Gluteus Maximus
Semimembranosus
Biceps Femoris
Gastrocnemius
Biceps Femoris Semimembranosus Gluteus Maximus Gastrocnemius
Primary associated chains
Gluteus Medius Gluteus Minimis Semitendinosus Semimembranosus Longissimus Thoracis
buttock I l iocostalis Lumborum Semitendinosus Quadratus Lumborum Il iocostal is Lumborum Longissimus Thoracis Multifidus
Secundary associated chains
knee - posterior Semimembranosus Semitendinosus Semimembranosus Semitendinosus
leg - posterior (calf) Biceps Femoris Flexor Digitorum Longus
254
Serratus Anterior (C5-C7)
Chains starting from the Serratus Anterior
associated muscles
back - mid-thoracic
thorax - anterior
Latissimus Dorsi Scalenus Sternocleidomastoideus
Primary associated chains
Latissimus Dorsi Scalenus
Secundary associated chains
Sternocleidomastoideus Scalenus
Chains containing the Serratus Anterior Muscle
associated muscles
Latissimus Dorsi
Pectoralis Major
Latissimus Dorsi Pectoralis Ma'or
Primary associated chains
back - mid-thoracic
Secundary associated chains
elbow -epicondylus medialis
255
I l iosostalis Thoracis Serratus Anterior Serratus Posterior Superior
Sternalis Serratus Anterior
Serratus Posterior Inferior (T9-T12)
associated muscles
Chains starting from the Serratus Posterior Inferior
C hains containing the Serratus Posterior Inferior Muscle
associated muscles
I l iocostal is Thoracis
Latissimus Dorsi
Multifidus (back)
Longissimus Thoracis
I l iocostal is Thoracis
I l iocostal is Thoracis I l iocostal is Lumborum Longissimus Thoracis Multifidus (back) Latissimus Dorsi
Primary associated chains
Latissimus Dorsi Serratus Posterior Inferior
back - low-thoracic l I iosostal is Thoracis Rectus Abdominus Serratus Posterior inferior
Secundary associated chains
Latissimus Dorsi Serratus Posterior Inferior Latissimus Dorsi
back - lumbar Serratus Posterior Inferior Latissimus Dorsi Serratus Posterior Inferior
256
Serratus Posterior Superior (T1 -T4)
associated muscles
back - mid-thoracic
Chains starting from the Serratus Posterior Superior
Scalenus Rhomboideus Major Rhomboideus Minor I l iocostal is Thoracis Longissimus Thoracis Multifidus(neck)
Primary associated chains
Scalenus Rhomboideus Major I l iocostal is Thoracis
Chains containing the Serratus Posterior Superior Muscle
associated muscles
I l iocostal is Thoracis
Latissimus Dorsi
Multifidus(back)
Multifidus (back) Longissimus Thoracis Latissimus Dorsi I l iocostal is Lumborum I l iocostal is Thoracis
Primary associated chains
Latissimus Dorsi Serratus Posterior Superior I l iosostal is Thoracis
back - mid-thoracic Serratus Anterior Serratus Posterior Superior Latissimus Dorsi Serratus Posterior Superior
257
associated muscles
leg - posterior (calf)
leg - posterior (calf)
foot - plantar
Soleus (51 -52)
Chains starting from the Soleus
Gastrocnemius Tibialis Posterior Hallucis Longus Flexor Digitorum Longus Gluteus Minimus Tibial is Anterior Extensor Digitorum Longus Extensor Hal lucis Longus Peroneus Tertius
Primary associated chains
Gluteus Minimus Tibialis Posterior Gastrocnemius
Secundary associated chains
Flexor Digitorum Longus Gastrocnemius Flexor Digitorum Longus Tibialis Posterior
C hains containing the Soleus Muscle
associated muscles
258
Gastrocnemius Plantaris Peroneus Longus Peroneus Brevis Peroneus Tertius
Primary associated chains
Soleus Gastrocnemius leg - posterior (calf) Gluteus Minimus
Tibialis Posterior Flexor Digitorum
Gastrocnemius foot - plantar Longus Flexor Hallucis Longus Soleus
Secundary associated chains
Gastrocnemius Plantaris knee - posterior Gluteus Minimus
Soleus
259
Splenius Capitis (C1 -C8)
Chains starting from the Splenius Capitis
associated muscles Sternocleidomastoideus Trapezius Splenius Cervicis Suboccipital
Chains containing the Splenius Capitis Muscle
associated muscles Splenius Cervicis . Suboccipital
Scalenus
260
Splenius Cervi cis (C1 -C8)
Chains starting from the Splenius Cervicis
associated muscles
eye
neck - posterior
Sternocleidomastoideus Trapezius Splenius Capitis S u bocci pita I
Secundary associated chains
Suboccipital Trapezius (TP1 ) Suboccipital Sternocleidomastoideus (Sternal)
Chains containing the Splenius Cervicis M uscle
associated muscles
261
Splen ius Capitis Suboccipital Sternocleidomastoideus Multifidus (neck) Levator Scapulae
Primary associated chains
Multifidus(neck) neck - posterior Levator Scapulae Splenius Cervicis Masseter
Sternocleidomastoideus eye Splenius Cervicis Orbicularis Ocul i
Secundary associated chains
Semispinalis Capitis Splenius Cervicis head - lateral Sternocleidomastoideus
Sternocleidomastoideus Masseter Splenius Cervicis Semispinalis Capitis
Semispinalis Cervi cis Sternocleidomastoideus head - occipital Splenius Cervicis
Splenius Cervicis Sternocleidomastoideus Temporalis
Trapezius
262
Sternalis
Chains starting from the Sternalis
associated muscles
thorax - anterior
Sternocleidomastoideus Pectoral is Ma"or
Secundary associated chains
Sternocleidomastoideus Pectoral is Ma"or
Chains containing the Sternalis Muscle
associated muscles
Pectoralis Minor
Pectoralis Major
Pectoral is Major
Pectoral is Minor
Pectoralis Major
Pectoral is Major Pectoral is Minor
Primary associated chains
Pectoral is Major Sternalis
thorax - anterior Scalenus Scalenus Sternalis
Secundary associated chains
Sternalis shoulder - anterior Subscapularis
Pectoral is Major Sternalis
elbow - Sternalis epicondylus medialis Serratus Anterior
263
Sternocleidomastoideus (C1 -C2)
C hains starting from the Sternocleidomastoideus
associated muscles
eye
head - lateral
head - frontal
eye
head - occipital
face - upper cheek
Scalenus Trapezius Levator Scapulae Splenius Cervi cis Pectoralis Major Masseter Temporal is Orbicularis Ocul i Occipitofrontalis
Primary associated chains
Masseter Splenius Cervicis (UTP) Orbicularis Oculi Trapezius (TP1 ) Temporalis Occi p itofronta I is Masseter Masseter Occipitofrontal is Temporalis
Secundary associated chains
Temporalis (anterior TP) Trapezius (TP1) Splenius Cervi cis Temporalis Trapezius (TP1 ,2 ,3) Masseter Temporal is
264
Chains containing the Sternocleidomastoideus Muscle
associated muscles
Masseter
Suboccipital
Temporal is
Temporal is
Masseter
Masseter
Splenius Cervicis Pectoral is Major Masseter Temporal is Suboccipital Sternalis Splenius Capitis Serratus Anterior Scalenus Pectoral is M inor Multifidus (neck)
Primary associated chains
Sternocleidomastoideus ear - TMJ Pterygoideus Medial is
Pterygoideus Lateralis Semispinalis Capitis Sternocleidomastoideus (Sternal )
head - lateral Trapezius (TP1) Sternocleidomastoideus Trapezius (TP1 ) Masseter Masseter Sternocleidomastoideus
head - frontal Temporalis Sternocleidomastoideus Temporalis Sternocleidomastoideus
265
Secundary associated chains
Masseter face - lower cheek Digastricus Sternocleidomastoideus Pterygoideus Lateral is
Masseter face - upper cheek Pterygoideus Medialis Temporalis (3 ant TPs) Sternocleidomastoideus
Masseter eye Temporal is (anterior TP) Sternocleidomastoideus
Temporalis teeth Masseter Sternocleidomastoideus Semispinalis Capitis
Semispinalis Cervi cis head - occipital Sternocleidomastoideus Splenius Cervicis
Semispinalis Capitis head - lateral Splenius Cervicis (UTP) Sternocleidomastoideus
Splenius Cervi cis neck - posterior Suboccipital Sternocleidomastoideus
Pectoral is Minor Sternocleidomastoideus Pectoral is Major
Sternalis Sternocleidomastoideus thorax - anterior Pectoralis Major
Scalenus Sternocleidomastoideus Pectoral is Major
Serratus Anterior Sternocleidomastoideus Scalenus
266
Suboccipital (C1 )
C hains starting from the Suboccipital
associated muscles
head - lateral
Trapezius Sternocleidomastoideus Splenius Capitis Splenius Cervicis Semispinalis Capitis Semispinalis Cervicis Levator Scapulae Multifidus (neck)
Primary associated chains
Semispinalis Capitis Sternocleidomastoideus (Sternal ) Trapezius (TP1)
Chains containing the Suboccipital Muscle
associated muscles
Splenius Cervicis
Splenius Cervicis
Splenius Capitis Splenius Cervicis Trapezius
Secundary associated chains
eye Suboccipital Trapezius (TP1) Suboccipital
neck - posterior Sternocleidomastoideus (Sternal)
267
Subscapularis (C5-C8)
Chains starting from the Subscapularis
associated muscles
shoulder - posterior
shoulder - lateral
Teres Major Latissimus Dorsi Pectoral is Major Infraspinatus Teres Minor Triceps Brachii (caput longum) Deltoideus (posterior)
Primary associated chains
Deltoideus Teres Major Teres Minor Triceps Brachii Teres Major Pectoralis Major Infraspinatus Deltoideus
Secundary associated chains
shoulder - lateral Teres Minor Latissimus Dorsi Deltoideus
hand - dorsal side & wrist Latissimus Dorsi I nfraspinatus Triceps Brachii
hand - wrist - radial Triceps Brachii I nfraspinatus
hand - wrist - ulnar Latissimus Dorsi Pectoralis Major Triceps Brachii
268
- -
Chains containing the Subscapu laris M uscle
associated muscles
Teres Major
Teres Minor
Teres Major
Infraspinatus
Pectoral is Major
Infraspinatus
Pectoral is Major
Pectoral is Major Teres Major Teres Minor Latissimus Dorsi Infraspinatus
Primary associated chains
Deltoideus Subscapularis Teres Minor Triceps Brachii (caput Longum)
shoulder - posterior Deltoideus Subscapularis Supraspinatus Teres Major Infraspinatus Deltoideus Subscapularis Deltoideus Subscapularis
shoulder - lateral Teres Major Supraspinatus Pectoralis Major Deltoideus Subscapularis Coracobrachialis Scalenus
Secundary associated chains
Latissimus Dorsi Subscapularis
shoulder - anterior Teres Major Pectoral is Major Sternalis Subscapularis
269
Supinator (CS-C6)
C hains starting from the Supinator
associated muscles Triceps Brachii Extensor Carpi Radialis Longus Extensor Carpi Radial is Brevis Anconeus Brachial is Biceps Brachi i Palmaris Longus
Primary associated chains
elbow - epicondylus lateralis Anconeus Extensor Carpi Radialis Longus Triceps Brachii
e lbow - olecranon Extensor Carpi Radial is Longus Triceps Brachii
hand - dorsal side & wrist Brachialis Extensor Carpi Radial is Brevis Extensor Carpi Radial is Longus
hand - wrist - radial Extensor Carpi Radial is Brevis Brachialis
Secundary associated chains
elbow - antecubital Brachial is Biceps Brachii
hand - dorsal side & wrist Triceps Brachii Extensor Carpi Rad ial is Longus
hand - wrist - radial Extensor Carpi Radial is Longus Scalenus
Chains containing the Supinator Muscle
associated muscles Triceps Brachii Extensor Indicis Extensor Digitorum (ring finger) Extensor Digitorum (middle finger) Brachioradial is Brachial is
. Biceps Brachii Anconeus
270
Triceps Brachii
Anconeus
Brachioradialis
Extensor Digitorum (ring finger)
Tric8ps Brachi i
Brachialis
Brachioradialis
Extensor Indicis
Brachialis
Brachioradialis
Extensor Indicis
Biceps Brachii
Primary associated chains
Anconeus Brachioradial is Supinator Extensor Carpi Radial is Longus Brachioradialis Extensor Carpi Radial is Longus Supinator Triceps Brachii
elbow - Extensor Carpi Radial is epicondylus lateral is Longus
Extensor Digitorum (ring finger) Supinator Triceps Brachii Brachioradial is Extensor Carpi Radial is Longus Supinator Supinator
elbow - olecranon Extensor Carpi Radial is Longus Brachioradial is Supinator Adductor Poll icis
hand - wrist - radial Extensor Carpi Radialis Brevis Supinator Supinator Brachi,oradial is Brachioradial is Supinator Extensor Carpi Radial is
hand - dorsal side Brevis & wrist Supinator
Brachioradial is Extensor Carpi Ulnaris Supinator
Secundary associated chains
elbow - antecubital
271
Supinator Brachialis
Supraspinatus (C4-C6)
Chains starting from the Supraspinatus
associated muscles
shoulder - anterior
shoulder - posterior
shoulder - lateral
shoulder - lateral
I nfraspinatus Trapezius (upper & middle part) Deltoideus Latissimus Dorsi
Primary associated chains
Deltoideus Infraspinatus Trapezius Deltoideus Deltoideus Infraspinatus
Secundary associated chains
Deltoideus Latissimus Dorsi
elbow - epicondylus lateral is Infraspinatus Deltoideus
Chains containing the Supraspinatus Muscle
associated muscles
272
Trapezius Teres M inor Infraspinatus Deltoideus Coracobrachial is Biceps Brachii
Primary associated chains
Coracobrachial is Biceps Brachii Deltoideus (anterior)
Supraspinatus Biceps Brachii
Coracobrachial is Deltoideus (anterior) Supraspinatus Biceps Brachii I nfraspinatus
Deltoideus shoulder - anterior Pectoral is Major (clavicular) Supraspinatus Biceps Brachii Deltoideus (anterior)
Infraspinatus Pectoral is Major (clavicular & sternal) Supraspinatus Supraspinatus
Trapezius Trapezius (contralateral) Deltoideus (posterior) Subscapularis
Teres Minor Supraspinatus Teres Major
shoulder - posterior Infraspinatus Supraspinatus Teres Major
Deltoideus Triceps Brachii (caput longum) Infraspinatus
Deltoideus Infraspinatus Supraspinatus
Coracobrachial is Deltoideus shoulder - lateral Supraspinatus
Deltoideus Infraspinatus Supraspinatus
Teres Major Subscapularis Pectoral is Major
273
Secundary associated chains
Deltoideus Coracobrachialis arm - posterior Supraspinatus
Triceps Brachii Brachial is
Biceps Brachii arm - anterior Supraspinatus Triceps Brachii Deltoideus
Coracobrachialis forearm - dorsal Supraspinatus Triceps Brachii
Coracobrachialis hand - wrist - radial Supraspinatus Triceps Brachii
274
Temporalis
Chains starting from the Temporalis
associated muscles
head - lateral
head - frontal
Masseter (other side) Pterygoideus Lateralis Pterygoideus Medial is Trapezius Sternocleidomastoideus
Primary associated chains
Sternocleidomastoideus Trapezius (TP1 ) Masseter Sternocleidomastoideus Masseter
Chains containing the Temporalis M uscle
associated muscles
275
Sternocleidomastoideus Masseter Trapezius Digastricus
Primary associated chains
Masseter Digastricus teeth Temporalis
Digastricus Masseter Temporalis Trapezius (TP1 )
Sternocleidomastoideus Temporalis Occipitofrontalis Masseter
head - lateral Temporalis Trapezius Trapezius (contralateral ,
TP1 ) Occipitofrontalis
Masseter Temporalis Sternocleidomastoideus Masseter
Sternocleidomastoideus Occipitofrontalis head - frontal Temporalis
Masseter Temporalis Sternocleidomastoideus
Secundary associated chains
Temporalis (anterior TP) Sternocleidomastoideus
Masseter eye (sternal) Temporalis (anterior TP)
Sternocleidomastoideus Trapezius (TP1) Pterygoideus Lateralis Pterygoideus Medialis
Masseter Sternocleidomastoideus face - upper cheek (sternal)
Temporalis Sternocleidomastoideus Masseter
Temporalis Trapezius (contralateral)
Trapezius Temporal is head - occipital Occipitofrontalis
Splenius Cervicis Sternocleidomastoideus Temporalis
Trapezius (TP1 ,2,3)
276
Tensor Fasciae Latae (L4-S1 )
Chains starting from the Tensor Fascia L atae
associated muscles Gluteus Minimus (anterior part) Quadriceps Femoris Rectus Femoris I l iopsoas Sartorius
Chains containing the Tensor Fascia Latae Muscle
associated muscles
Gluteus Minimus
Glulteus Medius
Gluteus Medius
Gluteus Minimus
I l iopsoas Gluteus Minimus Gluteus Medius
Primary associated chains
. Tensor Fasciae Latae thigh - lateral Quadriceps Femoris
Vastus Lateral is Piriformis
buttock Gluteus Maximus Gluteus Minimus Tensor Fascia latae Piriformis Gluteus Maximus Tensor Fascia Latae Piriformis
hip - lateral Gluteus Maximus Gluteus Medius Quadratus Lumborum Tensor Fascia Latae Quadriceps Femoris Vastus Lateralis
277
Teres Major (C6-C7)
Chains starting from the Teres Major
associated muscles
shoulder - posterior
shoulder - lateral
shoulder - lateral
arm - lateral
Triceps Brachii (caput longum) Latissimus Dorsi Deltoideus (posterior) Teres Minor Subscapularis
Primary associated chains
Deltoideus Subscapularis Teres Minor Triceps Brachii (caput Longum) Deltoideus Subscapularis
Secundary associated chains
Deltoideus Latissimus Dorsi Teres Minor Deltoideus Teres Minor Triceps Brachii
Chains containing the Teres Major Muscle
associated muscles
278
Triceps Brachii Teres Minor Subscapularis Latissimus Dorsi I nfraspinatus Deltoideus
Primary associated chains
Deltoideus Subscapularis
Teres M inor Supraspinatus Teres Major I nfraspinatus Deltoideus Teres Major Teres Minor
Subscapularis Triceps Brachii (caput shoulder - posterior longum)
Infraspinatus Triceps Brachii Teres Major
Teres Minor Supraspinatus Teres Major
Deltoideus Triceps Brachii (caput longum) Infraspinatus Deltoideus Teres Major
Infraspinatus Pectoralis Major Subscapularis
shoulder - lateral Supraspinatus Deltoideus
Subscapularis Teres Major Pectoralis Major Infraspinatus
Secundary associated chains
Pectoral is Major Infraspinatus shoulder - anterior Subscapularis
Teres Major Latissimus Dorsi Latissimus Dorsi
Triceps Brachii arm - posterior Teres Major Teres Minor
279
Teres Minor (C5-C6)
C hains starting from the Teres M inor
associated muscles
shoulder - posterior
shoulder - posterior
Infraspinatus Latissimus Dorsi Deltoideus (posterior) Teres Major Subscapularis Supraspinatus Biceps Brachii
Primary associated chains
Deltoideus (posterior) Subscapularis Supraspinatus Teres Major
Secundary associated chains
Biceps Brachii Latissimus Dorsi
Chains containing the Teres Minor Muscle
associated muscles
280
Teres Major Triceps Brachii Subscapularis ,Pectoralis Major Infraspinatus
Primary associated chains
Deltoideus Subscapularis
Teres Major Teres M inor Triceps Brachii (caput LonQum) Deltoideus
shoulder - posterior Teres Major Subscapularis Teres Minor
Triceps Brachii (caput longum) Infraspinatus
Triceps Brachii Teres Major Teres M inor
Secundary associated chains
Deltoideus Teres Major arm - lateral Teres Minor
Triceps Brachii Latissimus Dorsi
Triceps Brachii arm - posterior Teres M inor Teres Major Deltoideus
Teres Major Latissimus Dorsi Teres Minor Deltoideus
Infraspinatus Latissimus Dorsi shoulder - lateral Teres Minor
Deltoideus Subscapularis Latissimus Dorsi
Teres M inor Pectoral is Major Deltoideus
Teres Minor
281
Tibialis Anterior (L4-S 1 )
Chains starting from the Tibialis Anterior
associated muscles
foot - dorsal
Peroneus Longus Extensor Digitorum Longus Extensor Hal lucis Longus
Primary associated chains
Extensor Digitorum Longus Extensor Hallucis Lon us
Chains containing the Tibialis Anterior Muscle
associated muscles
Extensor Digitorum Longus
Extensor Hallucis Longus
Extensor Hallucis Longus Soleus
Primary associated chains
Tibialis Anterior Extensor Hallucis
foot - dOrsal Longus Tibialis Anterior Extensor Digitorum Longus
282
Tibialis Posterior (L4-LS)
C hains starting from the Tibialis Posterior
associated muscles Flexor Digitorum Longus Flexor Hal lucis Longus Peroneus Longus Peroneus Brevis
Chains containing the Tibialis Posterior Muscle
associated muscles
Soleus
Gastrocnemius
Soleus
Flexor Digitorum Longus Flexor Hallucis Longus Peroneus Longus Peroneus Brevis Peroneus Tertius Soleu� Plantaris Gastrocnemius
Primary associated chains
Gluteus Minimus Tibial is Posterior
leg - posterior (calf) Gastrocnemius Soleus G luteus Minimus Tibialis Posterior
Secundary associated chains
Flexor Digitorum foot - plantar Longus
Tibialis Posterior
283
Trapezius (C2-C4)
Chains starting from the Trapezius
associated muscles
head - lateral
neck - posterior
back - high-thoracic
back - mid-thoracic
shoulder - posterior
head - occipital
shoulder - posterior
Levator Scapulae Trapezius (contralateral) Supraspinatus Rhomboideus Major Rhomboideus Minor Pectoralis Major Scalenus Temporal is Occipitofrontalis
Primary associated chains
Temporalis Trapezius (contralateral , TP1 ) Occipitofrontalis Levator Scapulae Trapezius (contralateral , TP1 ,2,3) Levator Scapulae Rhomboideus Major Rhomboideus Minor Scalenus Trapezius (contralateral) Rhomboideus Major Scalenus Trapezius (contralateral) Supraspinatus Trapezius (contralateral)
Secundary associated chains
Trapezius (contralateral ) Temporal is Occipitofrontal is Levator Scapu lae Scalenus
284
Chains containing the Trapezius M uscle
associated muscles
Trapezius
Supraspinatus
Rhomboideus Major
Rhomboideus Minor
Trapezius
Rhomboideus Minor
Trapezius
Trapezius
Supraspinatus Rhomboideus Major Rhomboideus Minor Pectoralis Major Scalenus Temporal is Suboccipital Sternocleidomastoideus Splenius Cervicis Splenius Capitis Biceps Brachii
Primary associated chains
Supraspinatus Trapezius (contralateral )
shoulder - posterior Deltoideus (posterior) Trapezius I nfraspinatus Infraspinatus Trapezius I nfraspinatus
back - mid-thoracic Trapezius Rhomboideus Major Scalenus Trapezius (contralateral) Levator Scapulae Trapezius (TP4,5) Levator Scapulae
back - high-thoracic Rhomboideus Major Rhomboideus Minor Scalenus Trapezius (contralateral) Levator Scapulae
neck - posterior Trapezius (contralateral , TP1 ,2,3)
285
Semispinalis Capitis Sternocleidomastoideus
Suboccipital (Sternal) Trapezius (TP1 ) Trapezius (TP1 )
Sternocleidomastoideus Temporalis Occipitofrontalis
head - lateral Masseter Temporalis
Trapezius Trapezius (contralateral , TP1 ) Occi p itofrontal is Sternocleidomastoideus
Temporal is Trapezius (TP1 ) Masseter
Secundary associated chains
Scalenus Trapezius back - high-thoracic Triceps Brachii (caput
lonqum) Rhomboideus Minor back - mid-thoracic Trapezius
Levator Scapulae Splenius Cervi cis
Sternocleidomastoideus Temporalis head - occipital Trapezius (TP1 ,2 ,3)
Trapezius (contralateral ) Trapezius Temporalis
Occipitofrontalis Sternocleidomastoideus Temporal is (anterior TP)
eye Trapezius (TP1 ) Splenius Cervicis Suboccipital
Trapezius (TP1 )
286
Triceps Brachii (C6-C8)
Chains starting from the Triceps Brachii
associated muscles
shoulder - posterior
Latissimus Dorsi Teres Major Teres Minor Anconeus Supinator Brachioradial is Extensor Carpi Radialis Longus
Primary associated chains
Teres Major Teres Minor
elbow - epicondylus lateral is Anconeus
elbow - olecranon
arm - posterior
Brachioradial is Supinator Extensor Carpi Radialis Longus Supinator Extensor Carpi Rad ial is Longus
Secundary associated chains
Teres Major Teres Minor Latissimus Dorsi
Chains containing the Triceps Brachii M uscle
associated muscles
287
Teres Major Supinator Subscapularis Scalenus Latissimus Dorsi Deltoideus Coracobrachialis Brachioradial is Biceps Brachii Anconeus
Primary associated chains
Deltoideus (posterior) Teres Major Subscapularis
Teres Minor Triceps Brachii Deltoideus (posterior) Teres Major
Subscapularis shoulder - posterior Teres Minor Triceps Brachii I nfraspinatus Supraspinatus
Deltoideus Teres Major Triceps Brachii I nfraspinatus
Coracobrachialis arm - posterior Supraspinatus Triceps Brachii Extensor Carpi Radial is
Supinator elbow - olecranon Longus Triceps Brachii Brachioradial is Extensor Carpi Radial is
Anconeus Longus Supinator Triceps Brachii Extensor Carpi Radial is Longus Extensor Digitorum
Brachioradial is (ring finger) elbow - Supinator
epicondylus lateralis Triceps Brachii Anconeus Extensor Carpi Radial is
Supinator Longus Triceps Brachii
288
Secundary associated chains
Scalenus back - high-thoracic Trapezius Triceps Brachi i Brachial is
Scalenus Pectoralis Major Pectoralis M inor
arm - anterior Triceps Brachi i Brachial is
Biceps Brachii Supraspinatus Triceps Brachii Deltoideus Deltoideus
Teres Major arm - lateral Teres Minor Triceps Brachii
Coracobrachial is arm - posterior Deltoideus Triceps Brachii
Coracobrachialis forearm - dorsal Supraspinatus Triceps Brachii
Coracobrachialis Supraspinatus Triceps Brachii Triceps Brachii
Brachioradialis Extensor Digitorum (middle finger)
Subscapularis hand - wrist - radial Triceps Brachii Infraspinatus Triceps Brachii Extensor Digitorum
Scalenus (middle finger) Extensor Carpi Rad ial is LonQus Latissimus Dorsi
Subscapularis Pectoralis Major Triceps Brachii Triceps Brachii
hand - wrist - ulnar Extensor Carpi Radial is Scalenus Brevis
Pectoral is M inor Extensor Digitorum (ring finger) Latissimus Dorsi
Subscapularis I nfraspinatus hand - dorsal side Triceps Brachi i
& wrist Triceps Brachii
Supinator Extensor Carpi Radialis Longus
289
Triceps Brachii Scalenus hand - dorsal side Extensor Carpi Radialis
& wrist Lonqus Latissimus Dorsi
I nterosseus Dorsal is fingers - dorsal Triceps Brachii 1 & 2 Flexor Pollicis Longus
Extensor Indicis
290