Post on 17-Jan-2016
Music & Memory
Judit, Sweta, Fiona, Laura, Floris
Some Questions
• Is studying with music bad?
• Does it make any difference whether you listen to, for instance, rock or classical music?
Outline
• Introduction
• Research Questions
• Hypotheses
• Experiment
• Results
• Conclusion
Research Questions
• What is the influence of music on short-term memory?
• What is the influence of music preference?– i.e. Is there an interaction?
Operationalisations & Definitions
• Classical = Non-modern non-vocal classical music.
• Rock = Non-vocal.
• Short Term Memory = The number of Hungarian words of which the English translation can be learned in a specified amount of time.
Experiment
Learn 20 Words 4 min.
Make test (mixed Words) 2 min.2x
Hypotheses
• The people studying with classical music will do better than the people with rock music.
• People will perform better when listening to the music they prefer.
Something went wrong…
• Rock group insufficiently instructed:– Learned the Hungarian spellings– Therefore lower score on pretest.
• Experiment repeated, Subjects deleted & Groups merged– Tests revealed no significant difference
between the first group (properly instructed part of it) and the second.
Results IPreTest PostTest
Average Difference Per Subject
Estimated Marginal Means of Posttest Score (no. correct)
Test Group (Classical/Rock)
ClassicalRock
Est
ima
ted
Ma
rgin
al M
ea
ns
20.0
15.0
10.0
5.0
0.0
Music Preference
Rock
Classical
Results II• Interaction Preference * Group
Significance: .234
rock
classical
Estimated Marginal Means of Difference between Pre- & Posttest
Test Group (Classical/Rock)
ClassicalRock
Est
ima
ted
Ma
rgin
al M
ea
ns
3.5
3.0
2.5
2.0
1.5
1.0
.5
0.0
Music Preference
Rock
Classical
Results III
• Interaction Pref * DifferencePre-Post
Significance: .367
rock
classical
Results III• Difference in Performance
Test Group (Classical/Rock)
ClassicalRock
Me
an
Diff
ere
nce
be
twe
en
Pre
- &
Po
stte
st2.5
2.0
1.5
1.0
.5
0.0
Significance: .166
Conclusions
• No significant effects were found.– Possible reason: Group size was small.
• Except for instruction effect.
The End
Questions?
Backup Results
Pref. Rock ClassicalGroup Rock Class. Rock Class.
Test Performance
Back-Up I
Pref. Rock ClassicalGroup Rock Class. Rock Class.
Back-Up II
Test Group (Classical/Rock)
ClassicalRock
Co
un
t
30
20
10
0
Music Preference
Classical
Rock
Back-Up III
Posttest Score (no.Pretest Score (no. c
Me
an
16.5
16.0
15.5
15.0
14.5
Back-Up IV
Back-Up V
Back-Up VI
Back-Up VII