Transcript of Multi-cellular Eukaryotes Cell Wall Chlorophyll for photosynthesis.
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- Multi-cellular Eukaryotes Cell Wall Chlorophyll for
photosynthesis
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- ALGAE
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- Become less dependent on water & More resistant to sun rays
= cuticle More capable of conserving water = vascular tissue More
capable of reproducing without water = seeds
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- Non Vascular = Plants that lack specialized transport tissues
Vascular = plants that have specialized transport tissues
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- Bryophytes Ferns Gymnosperms Angiosperms
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- Life cycle depends on water for reproduction Non - Vascular NO
SEEDS Ex = Moss
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- SEEDLESS VASCULAR PLANTS
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- SEEDS On CONES Vascular
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- Flowering Plants Bear Seeds within a layer of tissue
Vascular
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- All Vascular Consist of: Roots Stems Leaves
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- Dermal epidermis & cuticle Vascular transports materials
Xylem Carries Water Phloem Carries Food and Nutrients Ground makes
up the roots
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- Tap Root (ex: carrot) Roots grow from the Root Cap through the
soil Fibrous Root (ex: grass)
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- Leaves are responsible for capturing light energy and
harvesting it to perform photosynthesis
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- Energy flow through the ecosystem allows life to exist. Some
organisms produce their own food as energy, such as autotrophs
(producers) Some convert sunlight into food by the process of
photosynthesis. Ex: plants, algae Some convert chemicals into food
by the process of chemosynthesis. Ex: sulfur bacteria in deep sea.
Energy is stored in food as chemical energy.
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- Organisms that cannot produce their own food must eat to get
energy, and are referred to as heterotrophs, or consumers. All
organisms use the process of cellular respiration to obtain the
energy from food. Some of the released energy is used right away in
metabolic activities. Most of the energy is stored in packages
called ATP for later use.
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- Inside of chloroplasts which are located in cells of the green
parts of plants
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- What is photosynthesis? Photosynthesis is the process by which:
Plants (producers) use light energy and transform it into chemical
energy (food) water carbon dioxide oxygen glucose TAKE INAND
USINGMAKE PLANTS (producers) light chlorophyll
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- 6CO 2 + 6H 2 O 6O 2 + C 6 H 12 O 6 light chlorophyll
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- ATP = adenosine triphosphate ADP = adenosine diphosphate ADP +
P ATP (stored energy) Energy from food can be stored in the bonds
that bind a phosphate to the ADP molecule. ATP ADP + P (energy
released) Stored energy is later released when the bond breaks
between the ADP and P.
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- Energy is stored in ATP Stored energy (created by cellular
respiration) Released energy (used for cellular activities)
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- energy
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- Plants appear GREEN because they reflect this color of light
(and they absorb red, orange, and violet) Compounds that absorb and
reflect wavelengths of light are called pigments.
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- Photos courtesy of flowerpictures.net and picturesof.net
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- What do we call the compounds that absorb and reflect
wavelengths of light? pigments Which pigment reflects the green
wavelengths thereby making plants appear green? chlorophyll Where
would we find chlorophyll? chloroplasts Why do we see
colors???
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- Intensity of light high light, high rate Carbon dioxide
concentration high CO 2, high rate Temperature A certain range
works best, too hot or too cold affects the work of enzymes
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- Remember: Autotrophs use photosynthesis to make food.
Heterotrophs AND autotrophs use cellular respiration by then taking
that food and breaking it down to get the energy out. This energy
is used for growth, development, reproduction, healing, and the
many other things that living things need energy for. Plants
(autotrophs) usually use photosynthesis during more during the day
respiration more heavily at night.
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- Where do we find chloroplasts?
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- Transpiration loss of water through leaves Guard Cells Change
the size of the stomata to control amount of water released. This
takes place in STOMATA which is a pore-like opening
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- Take place in CONES Pollen Cones MALE (produce male
gametophyte) Seed Cones FEMALE (produce female gametophyte)
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- Pollination happens when the pollen is RELEASED from male
Fertilization happens when the pollen grains land near ovule
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- Pollination happens when POLLEN lands on STIGMA
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- Fruit any seed that is enclosed within its embryo wall
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- FLESHY surrounding is fleshy DRY dry outside
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- Early growth stage of plant embryo Steps: 1. Absorbs water 2.
Seeds open from swollen tissue 3. Young root emerges &
grows
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- Vegetative Reproduction Includes production of new plants from
horizontal stems, from planters & underground roots Benefits:
doesnt involve pollination 2 methods: horizontal stems, planters
& underground roots
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- Plant Propagation horticulturist use cutting, grafting or
budding to make identical copies of a plant BENEFITS - produce
offspring from seedless plants 3 FORMS Cutting cut from plant,
place in special soil Grafting stem out from parent, placed on
plant that has stable root for a strong root system Budding buds
used to place on stock
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- Hormones control of plants pattern of growth & development
& plant response Auxins stimulate cell elongation Cytokinins
stimulate cell development & growth of lateral buds, cause
dormant seeds to sprout Gibberillins (1) dramatic increase in size
of plant, part in stem & fruit Ethylene (1) stimulate to ripen
fruit, dying leaves, & flowers
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- Gravitropism response to gravity Phototropism response to light
Thigmotropism response to touch Photoperiodism response to light
& darkness Winter dormancy photosynthetic pathway turned off
Leaf abscission losing leaves during colder months
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- 3 ways plants adapt to life in water 1. Seeds that float 2.
Grow quick 3. Shoots grow above water
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- Submerged in Water: No Cuticles to Prevent Water Loss Reduced
Roots Chloroplasts are restricted to the upper portions Salty
Conditions: Specialized cells that pump salt out Desert Plants:
Extensive roots Reduced leaves Thick stems Poor Soil: Carnivores
Parasites
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- Growth on other plants Shade Tolerance and a way of extracting
nutrients Fight Insects Defend themselves against insects attack by
manufacturing compounds that have powerful effects on animals