MSIS 110: Introduction to Computers; Instructor: S. Mathiyalakan1 Systems Investigation and Analysis...

MSIS 110: Introduction to Computers; Instructor: S. Mathiyalakan 1

Systems Investigation and Analysis

Chapter 12

Principles and Learning Objectives

• Effective systems development requires a team effort of stakeholders, users, managers, systems development specialists, and various support personnel, and it starts with careful planning.

– Identify the key participants in the systems development process and discuss their roles.

– Define the term information systems planning and list several reasons for initiating a systems project.

– Identify important system performance requirements for applications that run on the Internet or a corporate intranet or extranet.

– Discuss three trends that illustrate the impact of enterprise resource planning software packages on systems development.

• Systems development often uses tools to select, implement, and monitor projects, including net present value (NPV), prototyping, rapid application development, CASE tools, and object-oriented development.

– Discuss the key features, advantages, and disadvantages of the traditional, prototyping, rapid application development, and end-user systems development life cycles.

– Identify several factors that influence the success or failure of a systems development project.

– Discuss the use of CASE tools and the object-oriented approach to systems development.

• Systems development starts with investigation and analysis of existing systems.

– State the purpose of systems investigation.

– Discuss the importance of performance and cost objectives.

– State the purpose of systems analysis and discuss some of the tools and techniques used in this phase of systems development.

An Overview of Systems Development

Participants in Systems Development

Initiating Systems Development

Information Systems Planning

Aligning Corporate and IS Goals

Developing a Competitive Advantage

• Creative analysis

• Critical analysis– Going beyond automating manual systems– Question assumptions– Identify and resolve conflicting objectives

Establishing Objectives for Systems Development

• Performance objectives– Output quality or usefulness– Output format quality or usefulness– Speed at which output is produced

• Cost objectives– Development costs– Fixed investments– Ongoing operating costs– Uniqueness costs

Systems Development and E-Commerce

• Internet technology - enables companies to extend their information systems beyond their boundaries to reach their customers, suppliers, and partners.

• Dynamic Core Business Application that

runs over the Web - must be reliable and fault tolerant, providing continuous availability while processing all transactions accurately.

Trends in Systems Development and ERP

• ERP vendor as one-stop provider• Applications to integrate with ERP systems• External consulting

Systems Development Life Cycles

The Traditional Systems DevelopmentLife Cycle

Advantages and Disadvantages of Traditional SDLC

Prototyping

Advantages and Disadvantages of Prototyping

Rapid Application Development (RAD)

Reasons for Outsourcing

Factors Affecting Systems Development Success

• Degree of Change– Continuous Improvement versus Reengineering– Managing change

Factors Affecting SystemsDevelopment Success

Quality and Standards

The Capability Maturity Model (CMM)

Project Management

• Project schedule• Project milestone• Project deadline• Critical path

Use of Project Management Tools

Computer-Aided Software Engineering (CASE) Tools

Automate many of the tasks required in a systems development effort and enforce adherence to the SDLC, thus instilling a high degree of rigor and standardization to the entire systems development process

• Upper-CASE tools - CASE packages that focus on activities associated with the early stages of systems development.

• Lower-CASE tools - focus on the later stages of systems development and are capable of automatically generating structured program code.

• Integrated-CASE tools - provide links between upper- and lower-CASE packages.

CASE Tools

Object-Oriented Systems Development

Object-oriented systems development typically involves: • Identifying potential problems and opportunities within the

organization that would be appropriate for the OO approach

• Defining the kind of system users require

• Designing the system

• Programming or modifying modules

• Evaluation by users

• Periodic review and modification

Systems Investigation

In general, systems investigation attempts to uncover answers to the following questions:

– What primary problems might a new or enhanced system solve?– What opportunities might a new or enhanced system provide?– What new hardware, software, databases, telecommunications,

personnel, or procedures will improve an existing system or are required in a new system?

– What are the potential costs (variable and fixed)?– What are the associated risks?

Participants in Systems Investigation

Feasibility Analysis

Sample Net Present Value Calculation

Object-Oriented Systems Investigation

The Systems Investigation Report

Systems Analysis

Identifying Sources of Data

Collecting Data

Data Analysis

• Data modeling• Activity modeling• Application flowcharts• Grid charts• CASE tools

Data and Activity Modeling

Application Flowcharts

Grid Charts

Requirements Analysis

• Asking directly• Critical success factors (CSFs)• The IS plan• Screen and report layout

The IS Plan

Screen and Report Layout

Object-Oriented Systems Analysis

The Systems Analysis Report

Summary

• Systems development team - of stakeholders, users, managers, systems development specialists, and various support personnel

• Five phases of the traditional SDLC - investigation, analysis, design, implementation, and maintenance and review

• Systems investigation participants - stakeholders, users, managers, employees, analysts, and programmers

MSIS 110: Introduction to Computers; Instructor: S. Mathiyalakan1 Systems Investigation and Analysis...

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