CHAPTER 14 – THE ACTUAL CAMPAIGN PROCESS

MR. LIPMAN’S AP GOVERNMENT AND

POLITICS POWERPOINT

Party leaders are concerned with electability

Party activists are concerned with ideology and issues.

The successful candidate must appeal to both

Most electoral contests are similar in structure.

Nomination campaign aimed at winning primary.

{Run to 1st base}

General election campaign aimed at winning final race.

{Run to 2nd base/middle of the field}

Who do candidates typically appeal to during a general election campaign?

A.Party activistsB.Members of all partiesC.Members of the political elite D.The conservatives within the party E.The ideological center of the party

Who do candidates typically appeal to during a general election campaign?

A.Party activistsB.Members of all partiesC.Members of the political elite D.The conservatives within the party E.The ideological center of the party

GOAL IS TO REACH THE VOTER

Voter Canvas: Process of reaching individual voter

Paid MediaFree MediaInoculation Ad (“stop damage before it hits”)SpinningMore Bang for the Buck (“sorry Ike”)

Assembling a Campaign Staff

A candidate, volunteers, campaign consultants, and a paid staff make up the campaign.

Volunteers focus on canvassing and getting out the vote.

The paid staff consists of campaign manager; finance chair; communications staff; press secretary.

While candidates running for presidential, senatorial, or gubernatorial offices have paid

staff those running for state offices rely heavily on

state campaign agencies.community funded campaign workers.state political parties.volunteers.the national parties.

While candidates running for presidential, senatorial, or gubernatorial offices have paid

staff those running for state offices rely heavily on

state campaign agencies.community funded campaign workers.state political parties.volunteers.the national parties.

Raising Money

Congress has long limited campaign contributions: 1907 Tillman prohibits corporations from making direct

contributions to federal campaigns The Corrupt Practices Act, Hatch Act, Taft-Hartley Act;

The Federal Election Campaign Act

Bipartisan Campaign Reform Act (BCRA)

Citizens United v. FEC, 2010

To Learning Objectives

CAMPAIGN FIANCING LAWS

Federal Election Campaign Act (FECA) governsMcCain-Feingold (2002): Upheld 5-4 by

Supreme Court. Goal is not fairness but to limit single outside influences which can lead to corruption.

{opposition says violates free speech rights}

Political Action Committee (PAC): Officially registered fund raising committee and usually favor incumbents but the trend is changing. Most elected officials have set up their own.

_____ are donations from general tax revenues to the campaigns of

qualifying presidential candidates.

A. Matching fundsB. Public fundsC. PACsD. Member PACSE. Personal savings

_____ are donations from general tax revenues to the campaigns of

qualifying presidential candidates.

A. Matching fundsB. Public fundsC. PACsD. Member PACSE. Personal savings

FINANCING CONTINUED

Incumbents can use their PACS to help fellow candidates or office holders (“think Hillary”)

Buckley v. Valeo (1976) : Supreme Ct. says no limit can be placed on $ candidate spends from his own family funds.

Public Funding: As of now only for Presidential Candidates, and in some states, {“matching funds”} but what does the future hold.

FINANCING CONTINUED

Hard Money = clearly regulated, specific and limited

Soft Money = unregulated, unlimited, and usually raised by PACs and Individuals

Express Advocacy Ads: Intended to influence election and thus can only be bought with hard money

Issue Advocacy Ads: May be paid with soft $

_________ ad compare the records and proposals of the candidates, showing the candidate sponsoring the ad in a more

favorable light.

A. PositiveB. NegativeC. ContrastD. InoculationE. Fear

_________ ad compare the records and proposals of the candidates, showing the candidate sponsoring the ad in a more

favorable light.

A. PositiveB. NegativeC. ContrastD. InoculationE. Fear

Campaign Advertisements

Positive adNegative adContrast adInoculation adFear ad

JUST FOLLOW THE $

527 political committees: Unregulated interest groups focused on specific issue (used to avoid limits on PACs)

6% of PACs spent 62% of all money on congressional election races in 2001-02 campaigns……………………..but

Internet and Obama appear to have changed everything when it comes to raising money

What are the individual contribution limits under BCRA?

How do PACs allocate their campaign contributions?

Back

To Learning Objectives

Obama’s win in 2008 was the largest Democratic win since

_______.

19761964199219321912

Obama’s win in 2008 was the largest Democratic win since

_______.

19761964199219321912

Campaign Financing

http://www.melissadata.com/lookups/fec.asp

Use the above site to see who has given money to federal election campaigns in a given year and zip code.