Cell Organelles

Mr. HamiltonBiology

Monroe County High School

Cell OrganellesOrganelle= “specialized cell part that performs a specific function”

Found only inside eukaryotic cells

All the stuff in between the organelles is cytoplasm (cytosol)

Plasma(Cell) Membrane

Boundary of the cellMade of a phospholipid bilayer

NucleusControl center of the cellContains DNASurrounded by a double membraneUsually the easiest organelle to see under a microscopeUsually one per cell

NucleolusSmall, dense region within the nucleus

The assembly of ribosomes begins here

Ribosomes aid in the production of proteins within the cell

ChromatinGranular material within the nucleus

Consists of DNA bound to Protein

Chromatin is normally spread throughout the nucleus

ChromosomesWhen a cell divides, chromatin condenses to form ChromosomesChromosomes are distinct, threadlike structures that contain genetic informationThe genetic info. is passed from one generation of cells to the next

CytoskeletonActs as skeleton and muscleProvides shape and structureHelps move organelles around the cellMade of three types of filaments

Endoplasmic Reticulum

A.k.a. “ER”Connected to nuclear membraneHighway of the cellRough ER: studded with ribosomes; it makes proteinsSmooth ER: no ribosomes; it makes lipids

RibosomeSite of protein synthesisFound attached to rough ER or floating free in cytosolProduced in a part of the nucleus called the nucleolus

Golgi ApparatusLooks like a stack of platesStores, modifies and packages proteinsMolecules transported to and from the Golgi by means of vesicles

LysosomesGarbage disposal of the cellContain digestive enzymes that break down wastes

Mitochondria“Powerhouse of the cell”Cellular respiration occurs here to release energy for the cell to useBound by a double membraneHas its own strand of DNA

ChloroplastFound only in plant cellsContains the green pigment chlorophyllSite of food (glucose) productionBound by a double membrane

Cell WallFound in plant and bacterial cellsRigid, protective barrierLocated outside of the cell membraneMade of cellulose (fiber)

VacuolesLarge central vacuole usually in plant cellsMany smaller vacuoles in animal cellsStorage container for water, food, enzymes, wastes, pigments, etc.

CentrioleAids in cell divisionUsually found only in animal cellsMade of microtubules

Quick ReviewWhich organelle is the control center of the cell? Nucleus

Which organelle holds the cell together?Cell membrane

Which organelles are not found in animal cells?Cell wall, central vacuole, chloroplasts

Which organelle helps plant cells make food?Chloroplasts

What does E.R. stand for?Endoplasmic reticulum