Mr. G.Mr. G.Grace Christian Academy of Grace Christian Academy of

MarylandMaryland

Mr. G.Mr. G.Grace Christian Academy of Grace Christian Academy of

MarylandMaryland

The Mid-Atlantic and

Southern Colonies

New YorkNew York

Settling the Middle Settling the Middle ColoniesColonies

Settling the Middle Settling the Middle ColoniesColonies

Henry Hudson’s Henry Hudson’s VoyagesVoyages

Henry Hudson’s Henry Hudson’s VoyagesVoyages

*An English explorer employed by a Dutch company sailed up the river that now bears his name* He, his son and 8 other loyal crewmen were left abandoned by the rest of his crew

New NetherlandsNew NetherlandsNew NetherlandsNew Netherlands

New Netherlands founded in the Hudson River area (1623-1624)

Not founded for religious reasons-Established by Dutch West India Company for quick-profit fur trade.

Company wouldn’t pay much attention to the colony.

The island of Manhattan [New Amsterdam]

Purchased by Company (Peter Minuit) from Indians for only pennies per (22,000) acre. ($24)

New Amsterdam, New Amsterdam, 16601660

New Amsterdam, New Amsterdam, 16601660

Characteristics of New Amsterdam:

Aristocratic patroonships [feudal estates granted to rich guys who would settle 50 people on them].

Cosmopolitan diverse population with many different languages.

New YorkNew York

Manors &Manors &

Land Land GrantsGrants

PatroonshipsPatroonships

New Netherlands &New Netherlands &New SwedenNew Sweden

New Netherlands &New Netherlands &New SwedenNew Sweden

Swedish SettlementSwedish SettlementSwedish SettlementSwedish SettlementMid-1600s Sweden settled small, under-funded colony [called “New Sweden”] near New Netherland in the lower Delaware River Valley.

Introduced log cabins

1655 Dutch under director-general Peter Stuyvesant attacked New Sweden.

Fort Christina (Wilmington, DE fell after bloodless siege.

New Sweden absorbed by New Netherland.

New Netherlands New Netherlands Becomes a British Royal Becomes a British Royal

ColonyColony

New Netherlands New Netherlands Becomes a British Royal Becomes a British Royal

ColonyColonyCharles II granted New Netherland’s land to his brother, the Duke of York, [before he controlled the area!]

1664 English soldiers arrived.

Dutch had little ammunition and poor defenses.

Stuyvesant forced to surrender without firing a shot-people didn’t want to fight.

Renamed “New York”

England gained strategic harbor between her northern & southern colonies.

England now controlled the Atlantic coast!

Duke of York’s Original Duke of York’s Original CharterCharter

Duke of York’s Original Duke of York’s Original CharterCharter

New Amsterdam, New Amsterdam, 16641664

New Amsterdam, New Amsterdam, 16641664

Dutch Influence in New Dutch Influence in New YorkYork

Dutch Influence in New Dutch Influence in New YorkYorkEarly 20Early 20cc Dutch Revival Dutch Revival

Building in NYC.Building in NYC.

New York New York CityCityseal.seal.

Names Harlem, Brooklyn

Architecture gambrel roof

Customs Easter eggs, Santa Claus, waffles, bowling, sleighing, skating, kolf [golf].

Pennsylvania

Pennsylvania

The QuakersThe QuakersThe QuakersThe QuakersCalled Quakers because they “quaked” from deep religious emotion

Persecuted in England and in other colonies

Refused to pay taxes to support the Church

of England.

No paid pastor

Keep hats on.

Addressed them as commoners ”thees”/“thous.”

Wouldn’t take oaths.

Pacifists (anti-war).

Wealthy Englishman.

1660 – attracted tothe Quaker faith.after military service.

1681 he received agrant from king toestablish a colony.

This settled a debt the king owed his father.

Named Pennsylvania [“Penn’s Woodland”].

He sent out paid agents and advertised for settlers his pamphlets were pretty honest.

attracted many immigrants.

William PennWilliam PennWilliam PennWilliam Penn

Royal Land Grant to Royal Land Grant to PennPenn

Royal Land Grant to Royal Land Grant to PennPenn

Penn & Native Penn & Native AmericansAmericans

Penn & Native Penn & Native AmericansAmericansBought [didn’t simply take]

land from Indians.

Quakers went among the Indians unarmed.

Founded Philadelphia-”the city of brotherly love”

BUT…….. non-Quaker Europeans flooded PA

Treated native peoples poorly.

Many Germans migrated to PA

Religious freedom for all

Penn’s Treaty with Penn’s Treaty with thetheNative AmericansNative Americans

Penn’s Treaty with Penn’s Treaty with thetheNative AmericansNative Americans

Pennsylvanian SocietyPennsylvanian SocietyPennsylvanian SocietyPennsylvanian Society

Diverse

No restrictions on immigration-anybody could come.

No slavery!!

“Blue Laws” against stage plays, cards, dice, excessive hilarity, etc.

A society that gave its citizens economic opportunity, civil liberty, & religious freedom!!

Philadelphia & Boston Philadelphia & Boston ComparedCompared

Philadelphia & Boston Philadelphia & Boston ComparedCompared

Urban Population Urban Population GrowthGrowth

1650 - 17751650 - 1775

Urban Population Urban Population GrowthGrowth

1650 - 17751650 - 1775

New JerseyNew

Jersey

New Jersey — PA’s New Jersey — PA’s NeighborNeighbor

New Jersey — PA’s New Jersey — PA’s NeighborNeighbor1664 rich

businessmen recvd. the area from the Duke of York.

Many New Englanders [because of worn out rocky soil] moved to NJ.

1674 West NJ sold to Quakers.

East NJ eventually acquired by Quakers.

1702 E & W NJ combined into NJ and created one colony.

DelawareDelaware

Delaware — PA’s Delaware — PA’s Neighbor: The 3 Lower Neighbor: The 3 Lower

CountiesCounties of PA of PA

Delaware — PA’s Delaware — PA’s Neighbor: The 3 Lower Neighbor: The 3 Lower

CountiesCounties of PA of PANamed after Lord De La Warr [harsh military governor of VA in 1610].

Closely associated with Penn’s colony.

1703 granted its own assembly.

Remained under the control of PA until the American Revolution.

Ethnic GroupsEthnic GroupsEthnic GroupsEthnic Groups

The Carolinas

The Carolinas

The West Indies The West Indies Weigh Station to Weigh Station to Mainland AmericaMainland America

The West Indies The West Indies Weigh Station to Weigh Station to Mainland AmericaMainland America1670 a group of small English farmers from the

Barbados arrived in the Carolinas.

Overcrowding, disease and natural disasters in Barbados

Brought a few black slaves and a model of the Barbados slave code with them.

The colony was originally named in honor of King Charles I, as Carolus is Latin for Charles.

They hoped to use Carolina to supply their plantations in Barbados with food and export wine, silk, and olive oil to Europe.

Settling the “Lower Settling the “Lower South”South”

Settling the “Lower Settling the “Lower South”South”

Port of Port of Charles TownCharles Town, , SCSC

Port of Port of Charles TownCharles Town, , SCSC

Also named for King Charles II of England.

Became the busiest port in the South.

City with richy feel.

Religious toleration attracted diverse inhabitants.

Called Charleston today

Rice was still an exotic food in England.

Was grown in Africa, so planters imported West African slaves.

These slaves had a genetic trait that made them immune to malaria.

By 1710 black slaves were a majority in Carolina.

Crops of the Crops of the Carolinas: Carolinas: RiceRice

Crops of the Crops of the Carolinas: Carolinas: RiceRice

American Long American Long Grain RiceGrain Rice

Crops of theCrops of theCarolinas: Carolinas:

IndigoIndigo

Crops of theCrops of theCarolinas: Carolinas:

IndigoIndigoIn colonial times, the main use for indigo was as a dye for spun cotton threads that were woven into cloth for clothes.

Today in the US, the main use for indigo is a dye for cotton work clothes & blue jeans.

Rice & Indigo ExportsRice & Indigo Exportsfrom SC & GA: 1698-from SC & GA: 1698-

17751775

Rice & Indigo ExportsRice & Indigo Exportsfrom SC & GA: 1698-from SC & GA: 1698-

17751775

GeorgiaGeorgia

18c Southern 18c Southern ColoniesColonies

18c Southern 18c Southern ColoniesColonies

Late-Coming Late-Coming GeorgiaGeorgiaLate-Coming Late-Coming GeorgiaGeorgia

Founded in 1733.

Last of the 13 colonies.

Named in honor of King George II.

Founded by James Oglethorpe.

Georgia--The “Buffer” Georgia--The “Buffer” ColonyColony

Georgia--The “Buffer” Georgia--The “Buffer” ColonyColony

Chief Purpose of Creating Georgia:

As a “buffer” between the valuable Carolinas & Spanish Florida & French Louisiana.

Export silk and wine.

A haven for debtors thrown in to prison.

Determined to keep slavery out!

Slavery found in GAby 1750.

The Port City of The Port City of SavannahSavannah

The Port City of The Port City of SavannahSavannah

Diverse community.

All Christians except Catholics enjoyed religious toleration.

Missionaries worked among debtors and Indians most famous was John Wesley.