Mosaic - Helping the World Grow the Food it Needs

Environmental Stewardship

- Subrata Bandy

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Outline

• Introduction

• Energy – Water – Land Nexus: System Thinking

• Renewable Energy – Life Cycle of a Landfill

• Mining to finished product

• Environmental Stewardship

• Product Stewardship

• Benchmarking

• Q&A

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Nexus – System Thinking

The nexus approach means system thinking and a quest for

integrated solutions to guide decision-making about

resource use and development, to minimize externalities

and ensure true sustainability.

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Energy – Water – Land Nexus

• Energy , Water, and Land are interdependent

• Water scarcity, variability, and uncertainty becoming more

prominent, leading to vulnerabilities of the energy system

• Climate, technology, and decision landscape different than

in the past

• Aging infrastructure an opportunity to make changes

http://www.energy.gov/seab/downloads/presentation-water-energy-nexus

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Energy – Water – Land Nexus – Example

Biofuel

Energy – Water Landscape

France is particularly vulnerable due to high power sector water dependency from nuclear generation and recurring heat waves.

Global Generation Units with Water Stress - yellow, orange, and red correspond with medium, high, to extremely high stress levels

India is highly reliant on inefficient coal-fired generation, and needs to power remaining 1/3rd of population. The country is improving coal-fired power generation efficiency and reclaiming waste water

Global Generation Units with Water Stress - yellow, orange, and red correspond with medium, high, to extremely high stress levels

Hydrocarbon rich yet water poor Qatar and Australia increasingly rely on desalinated water for drinking water. Both are moving to power desalination with renewable power and waste heat.

Global Generation Units with Water Stress - yellow, orange, and red correspond with medium, high, to extremely high stress levels

Coal-rich but water poor, China is adopting direct and indirect measures to reduce water intensity in coal-fired power generation

Global Generation Units with Water Stress - yellow, orange, and red correspond with medium, high, to extremely high stress levels

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Climate Change

The future of the water-energy

nexus must account for

• increasing temperatures

• changes in precipitation

patterns

• increasing climate variability

• more frequent extreme weather

events (e.g. floods and

droughts)

Source: EPA (2013)

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Water Footprint

The water footprint measures the amount of water used to

produce each of the goods and services we use.

http://waterfootprint.org/en/water-footprint/what-is-water-footprint/

• single process, such as growing rice

• a product, such as a pair of jeans

• a gallon of fuel we put in our car

• a multi-national company

• a specific river basin

• a country

• global

What is your water footprint?

1552 gpd (US average 2220 gpd)

Hickory Ridge Landfill – Life Cycle

Solar Cover – 1MW, 224 homes

http://www.hdrinc.com/portfolio/hickory-ridge-landfill-solar-energy-cover

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Energy Park – Life Cycle

• Recycle center

• Waste to energy

• Landfill gas

• Solar cover

• Additional revenue

• Low maintenance

• Water quality of runoff

• Landfill mining

• Re-recyle

• Fill material

• Create new volume

• Additional revenue

About us

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About us

• World’s largest combined producer of potash and phosphates

• Publicly traded since 2004 (NYSE: MOS), a Fortune 500 company.

• 22.2 million tonne capacity

• Largest producer of finished concentrated phosphates in the world - 11.7 million Tonnes

• One of the world’s largest producers of potash – 10.5 million Tonnes

• 9,000 people in 40 countries around the world

• Headquarter at Plymouth, MN; largest center of Phosphate

operation in Central Florida, and Potash in Saskatchewan, Canada.

• Growing globally with JV in Saudi Arabia and in Peru, and

acquisition in Brazil and Paraguay for distribution network.

Process Overview

Pe

bb

le

Tailings

Sand

Land Reclamation

Feed

Concentrate Flotation

Reverse Flotation

Sizing

Phosphate Rock

Fine

Feed

Coarse

Feed

Ultra

Coarse

Feed

Removed Clay

Washer

Clay Settling Area

Matrix

Field Operations

To River or Stream NPDES

Discharge

Mine Water Recirculation System

Min

e W

ate

r R

ecircu

lation S

yste

m

Tailings Water and Stormwater Return

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Draglines

Weigh up to 7 million lbs.

Boom length up to 325 ft. –

longer than a football field

Empty bucket weighs

~100,000 lbs. and holds up to

65 cubic yards

Electrically powered by 7,200

Volts Alternating Current

Operated by two employees

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Dredge Mining

Dredge’s ladder is suspended

underwater down to 90 ft.

Rotating “cutter” frees phosphate

from the ore deposit

Mines phosphate ore at differing

depths

New dredges use less fossil fuels,

LED lighting and are quieter

Mining Process

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Overburden

Matrix (phosphate, sand, & clay)

Unmineable (limestone or dense clay)

Overburden

Mining of Matrix

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Every drop of

water is counted

Floodplain

Silt Screen

Preserved Areas are Protected

Active Mining

Sensitive areas are set back from mining activity

Separated by a recharge ditch and berm system

Protects the hydrology of wetlands near or adjacent

to mining operations

Clay Settling Areas

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Clay slurry from plant

Water return to plant

Clay settling areas act a reservoir and allow mining operations to recycle and reuse water

Any water releases must meet state and federal regulatory standards

Permitted Discharge Structure

(Upstream Side)

Permitted Discharge Structure

(Downstream Side)

Water Quality Monitoring

Manufacturing Process

Gypsum

Stack

Power to

our mines

and the

grid Sulfur

Phos. Rock

Anhydrous

Ammonia

Air

Phosphate

Rock Storage

NH3 Storage

Sulfuric

Acid Plant Sulfuric

Acid

Phosphoric

Acid Plant

Merchant Grade

Phosphoric Acid

Granulation

Plant

Granular

Crop Nutrients

Animal Feed

Ingredients

Plant

Heat

Cogeneration

Plant

Defluorinated

Feed Phosphates

Phosphoric Acid

The fertilizer manufacturing process in Florida harnesses steam to generate green, carbon-free energy

Renewable Energy

Permitting

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Multi-year, multi-agency process requires

strict environmental standards to protect land,

water and wildlife resources

FEDERAL AGENCIES

Environmental Protection Agency

Fish & Wildlife Service

Army Corps of Engineers

REGIONAL AGENCY

Southwest Florida Water Management

District

FLORIDA AGENCIES

Department of Environmental

Protection

Department of Community Affairs

Fish & Wildlife Conservation

Commission

Division of Historical Resources

COUNTY APPROVALS Hillsborough

Manatee

Hardee

Polk

DeSoto

EPA

U.S. Army Corps

U.S. Fish & Wildlife

Florida DEP

Florida Fish & Wildlife Florida

Division of Historic

Resources

Water Management

District

County Gov

Mine Permitting

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Since 1975 All Mined Lands Are Reclaimed

Mosaic reclaims all mined lands

acre-for-acre and type-for-type

Reclaimed according to approved

plans: • Sand is returned to mine cuts

• Overburden is contoured

• Land is vegetated

Reclaimed for many uses:

• Land and lakes

• Scrub habitats

• Wetlands

• Wildlife habitats

• Forests

• Residential, agricultural and

industrial uses

Ensures hydrology will be restored according

to planned land use

Sand Backfill Reclamation

Land is re-vegetated

Reclaimed Streams and Wetlands

Dam

Clay Settling Area Reclamation

Dam

Areas are filled and dried using a ditch system

to drain the water

Earth movers use overburden from the dam

walls to cover and reshape the area

Land is re-vegetated

Reclaimed Clay Settling Areas

Mine cuts are shaped into lakes with shallow outer littoral zones for fish

spawning

Land and Lakes Reclamation

Wetlands are planted on edges and surrounding uplands are re-vegetated

Reclaimed Public Parks and Fishing Areas

Development on Formerly Mined Land

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Wildlife Stewardship

Pioneered wildlife relocation techniques, created prime habitats, and funded wildlife rehab and education programs

2008 FIPR study found almost 300 species of vertebrates utilized Florida reclaimed land

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Relocated 3,700 gopher tortoises to suitable habitats in the last 5 years

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Wildlife Stewardship

Established the largest population of scrub jays in west central Florida

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▪ Successfully translocated entire colonies of burrowing owls

Mosaic Water Stewardship

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Water Stewardship

Secure long term, sustainable water supply

Minimize ground water withdrawal

Maximize use of alternative water resources

Optimize surface water discharge

Demonstrate nutrient stewardship

Facilitate knowledge sharing

Over a span of nearly 40 years, the industry has reduced its GW usage by more than 75 percent.

Use Type 2001 2002 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010

Agriculture 318 273 199 298 273 240 291 304

Industrial /

Commercial 66 69 51 61 57 57 57 50

Mining / Dewatering 65 47 46 37 45 37 31 24

Public Supply 503 497 562 522 472 492 522 441

Recreation / Aesthetic 32 32 28 37 33 30 33 48

District Total 984 918 886 955 880 857 934 867

Mining/Dewatering -

as % of Total 6.6 5.1 5.2 3.9 5.1 4.3 3.3 2.8

Regional Water Use

Historical Water Use

Permitted Quantities

CURRENT

(CF facilities

not included)

Reclaimed Water Usage at Mosaic

Hardee County

Hillsborough County

Water Quality - Parameters of Interest

Parameter units

pH S.U.

Dissolved Oxygen mg/L

Conductivityᵻ µmhos/cm

Sulfate mg/L

Turbidity ntu

Total Nitrogen*ᵻ mg/L (tons)

Total Phosphorous*ᵻ mg/L (tons)

Fluoride mg/L

Un-ionized ammonia mg/L

Radium, Combined pci/L

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Mosaic is committed to nutrient stewardship and will comply with the newly promulgated NNC.

• Unlike any other “pollutant” regulated by CWA

• Present naturally in aquatic systems

• Absolutely necessary for proper functioning of

biological communities

• Typically not toxic

• Effects are site specific, often moderated by

many natural factors

• Broad-based criteria development is more

complicated

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Nutrients

• EPA Proposed rule “ONE SIZE FITS

ALL”

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EPA’s Proposed Numeric Nutrient Criteria

4R Nutrient Stewardship

Image:TFI

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Benchmarking

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Benchmarking

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THANK YOU!

Subrata Bandy

13830 Circa Crossing

Lithia, Florida 33547

813-500-6564

Subrata.bandy@mosaicco.com

Q&A