Monetary policy today

Post on 02-Dec-2014

265 views 0 download

description

 

Transcript of Monetary policy today

MonetaryPolicy

Ryan W.Herzog

Outline

Economy

FinancialMarkets

BankingSector

Future

LocalEconomy

Monetary Policy and the Macroeconomy

Ryan W. Herzog, Ph.D.Assistant Professor of Economics

May 26, 2013

MonetaryPolicy

Ryan W.Herzog

Outline

Economy

FinancialMarkets

BankingSector

Future

LocalEconomy

1 Economic Overview

2 Monetary Policy and Financial Markets

3 Banking Sector

4 Future Course of Monetary Policy

5 Spokane and Surrounding Areas

MonetaryPolicy

Ryan W.Herzog

Outline

Economy

FinancialMarkets

BankingSector

Future

LocalEconomy

Monetary Policy

Monetary policy (i.e. changing short-term and long-terminterest rates) has been the primary mechanism foreconomic stimulus over the last five years.

Increased uncertainty surrounding fiscal policy has putmore of the burden on monetary policy.

There is only so much monetary policy can do beforecreating perverse incentives:

(i) Stock bubble(ii) Increased inflation

(iii) Increased inequality

MonetaryPolicy

Ryan W.Herzog

Outline

Economy

FinancialMarkets

BankingSector

Future

LocalEconomy

Monetary Policy

Monetary policy (i.e. changing short-term and long-terminterest rates) has been the primary mechanism foreconomic stimulus over the last five years.

Increased uncertainty surrounding fiscal policy has putmore of the burden on monetary policy.

There is only so much monetary policy can do beforecreating perverse incentives:

(i) Stock bubble(ii) Increased inflation

(iii) Increased inequality

MonetaryPolicy

Ryan W.Herzog

Outline

Economy

FinancialMarkets

BankingSector

Future

LocalEconomy

Monetary Policy

Monetary policy (i.e. changing short-term and long-terminterest rates) has been the primary mechanism foreconomic stimulus over the last five years.

Increased uncertainty surrounding fiscal policy has putmore of the burden on monetary policy.

There is only so much monetary policy can do beforecreating perverse incentives:

(i) Stock bubble(ii) Increased inflation

(iii) Increased inequality

MonetaryPolicy

Ryan W.Herzog

Outline

Economy

FinancialMarkets

BankingSector

Future

LocalEconomy

Monetary Policy

Monetary policy (i.e. changing short-term and long-terminterest rates) has been the primary mechanism foreconomic stimulus over the last five years.

Increased uncertainty surrounding fiscal policy has putmore of the burden on monetary policy.

There is only so much monetary policy can do beforecreating perverse incentives:

(i) Stock bubble

(ii) Increased inflation(iii) Increased inequality

MonetaryPolicy

Ryan W.Herzog

Outline

Economy

FinancialMarkets

BankingSector

Future

LocalEconomy

Monetary Policy

Monetary policy (i.e. changing short-term and long-terminterest rates) has been the primary mechanism foreconomic stimulus over the last five years.

Increased uncertainty surrounding fiscal policy has putmore of the burden on monetary policy.

There is only so much monetary policy can do beforecreating perverse incentives:

(i) Stock bubble(ii) Increased inflation

(iii) Increased inequality

MonetaryPolicy

Ryan W.Herzog

Outline

Economy

FinancialMarkets

BankingSector

Future

LocalEconomy

Monetary Policy

Monetary policy (i.e. changing short-term and long-terminterest rates) has been the primary mechanism foreconomic stimulus over the last five years.

Increased uncertainty surrounding fiscal policy has putmore of the burden on monetary policy.

There is only so much monetary policy can do beforecreating perverse incentives:

(i) Stock bubble(ii) Increased inflation(iii) Increased inequality

MonetaryPolicy

Ryan W.Herzog

Outline

Economy

FinancialMarkets

BankingSector

Future

LocalEconomy

Economic Growth from 1980 through 2013Q1

MonetaryPolicy

Ryan W.Herzog

Outline

Economy

FinancialMarkets

BankingSector

Future

LocalEconomy

RGDP and Potential, 1980 through 2013Q1

MonetaryPolicy

Ryan W.Herzog

Outline

Economy

FinancialMarkets

BankingSector

Future

LocalEconomy

Unemployment Rate, 1980 through 2013Q1

MonetaryPolicy

Ryan W.Herzog

Outline

Economy

FinancialMarkets

BankingSector

Future

LocalEconomy

Long-term unemployed, 1980 through 2013Q1

MonetaryPolicy

Ryan W.Herzog

Outline

Economy

FinancialMarkets

BankingSector

Future

LocalEconomy

Change in employment, 1980 through 2013Q1

MonetaryPolicy

Ryan W.Herzog

Outline

Economy

FinancialMarkets

BankingSector

Future

LocalEconomy

Changes in inflation, 1990 through 2013Q1

MonetaryPolicy

Ryan W.Herzog

Outline

Economy

FinancialMarkets

BankingSector

Future

LocalEconomy

Nonfarm Productivity and Real Compensation,1990 through 2013Q1

MonetaryPolicy

Ryan W.Herzog

Outline

Economy

FinancialMarkets

BankingSector

Future

LocalEconomy

Quantitative Easing I

November 25th 2008, Fed announced they will purchase$600 billion in agency debt and mortgage backed securities(QE1). March 19th 2009, Fed announced they areextending the program by purchasing an additional $800billion in securities.

MonetaryPolicy

Ryan W.Herzog

Outline

Economy

FinancialMarkets

BankingSector

Future

LocalEconomy

Quantitative Easing II

November 3rd 2010, Fed announced a new purchaseprogram of $600 billion ($75 billion per month) (QE2).

MonetaryPolicy

Ryan W.Herzog

Outline

Economy

FinancialMarkets

BankingSector

Future

LocalEconomy

Operation Twist

In September of 2011 the Federal Reserve announcedOperation Twist. They purchased $400 billion of bondswith maturities of 6 to 30 years and to sell bonds withmaturities less than 3 years. The goal is to extend theaverage maturity of the Fed’s own portfolio withoutincreasing the overall amount of money in circulation.

MonetaryPolicy

Ryan W.Herzog

Outline

Economy

FinancialMarkets

BankingSector

Future

LocalEconomy

Quantitative Easing III

September 13, 2012, Fed announced a new $40 billion amonth, open ended, bond purchasing program of agencymortgage backed securities. They also announced tocontinue extreme low rates until at least mid-2015.

MonetaryPolicy

Ryan W.Herzog

Outline

Economy

FinancialMarkets

BankingSector

Future

LocalEconomy

Short-term interest Rates, 1990-2013

MonetaryPolicy

Ryan W.Herzog

Outline

Economy

FinancialMarkets

BankingSector

Future

LocalEconomy

Long-term interest Rates, 1990-2013

MonetaryPolicy

Ryan W.Herzog

Outline

Economy

FinancialMarkets

BankingSector

Future

LocalEconomy

Federal Reserve Bank Credit, 1990-2013

MonetaryPolicy

Ryan W.Herzog

Outline

Economy

FinancialMarkets

BankingSector

Future

LocalEconomy

Interest Rate Risk

With low long-term interest rates, financial institutionshave shifted portfolios into more liquid assets.

The Fed is assuming a large amount of interest rate risk,an increase in interest rates will cause long-term debt toexperience larger losses.

Given the concerns over future possible losses will the Fedbe quick to raise interest rates (under projections of futureinflation)?

MonetaryPolicy

Ryan W.Herzog

Outline

Economy

FinancialMarkets

BankingSector

Future

LocalEconomy

Interest Rate Risk

With low long-term interest rates, financial institutionshave shifted portfolios into more liquid assets.

The Fed is assuming a large amount of interest rate risk,an increase in interest rates will cause long-term debt toexperience larger losses.

Given the concerns over future possible losses will the Fedbe quick to raise interest rates (under projections of futureinflation)?

MonetaryPolicy

Ryan W.Herzog

Outline

Economy

FinancialMarkets

BankingSector

Future

LocalEconomy

Interest Rate Risk

With low long-term interest rates, financial institutionshave shifted portfolios into more liquid assets.

The Fed is assuming a large amount of interest rate risk,an increase in interest rates will cause long-term debt toexperience larger losses.

Given the concerns over future possible losses will the Fedbe quick to raise interest rates (under projections of futureinflation)?

MonetaryPolicy

Ryan W.Herzog

Outline

Economy

FinancialMarkets

BankingSector

Future

LocalEconomy

Average government maturities holdings,1990-2013

MonetaryPolicy

Ryan W.Herzog

Outline

Economy

FinancialMarkets

BankingSector

Future

LocalEconomy

Average MBS maturities holdings, 1990-2013

MonetaryPolicy

Ryan W.Herzog

Outline

Economy

FinancialMarkets

BankingSector

Future

LocalEconomy

The Effects of QE

MonetaryPolicy

Ryan W.Herzog

Outline

Economy

FinancialMarkets

BankingSector

Future

LocalEconomy

Housing Starts and Case/Shiller Housing PriceIndex, 1990 through 2013Q1

MonetaryPolicy

Ryan W.Herzog

Outline

Economy

FinancialMarkets

BankingSector

Future

LocalEconomy

Monetary Policy on Stock and Bond Markets

Are we seeing an stock bubble due to the low interest rateenvironment?

Are investors increasing their risk appetite?

Are corporations issuing more high yield debt?

MonetaryPolicy

Ryan W.Herzog

Outline

Economy

FinancialMarkets

BankingSector

Future

LocalEconomy

Monetary Policy on Stock and Bond Markets

Are we seeing an stock bubble due to the low interest rateenvironment?

Are investors increasing their risk appetite?

Are corporations issuing more high yield debt?

MonetaryPolicy

Ryan W.Herzog

Outline

Economy

FinancialMarkets

BankingSector

Future

LocalEconomy

Monetary Policy on Stock and Bond Markets

Are we seeing an stock bubble due to the low interest rateenvironment?

Are investors increasing their risk appetite?

Are corporations issuing more high yield debt?

MonetaryPolicy

Ryan W.Herzog

Outline

Economy

FinancialMarkets

BankingSector

Future

LocalEconomy

Stock Indicators, 1990-2013

MonetaryPolicy

Ryan W.Herzog

Outline

Economy

FinancialMarkets

BankingSector

Future

LocalEconomy

P/E Ratio 1990-2013

MonetaryPolicy

Ryan W.Herzog

Outline

Economy

FinancialMarkets

BankingSector

Future

LocalEconomy

Term Premium, 1990-2013

MonetaryPolicy

Ryan W.Herzog

Outline

Economy

FinancialMarkets

BankingSector

Future

LocalEconomy

Risk Premium, 1990-2013

MonetaryPolicy

Ryan W.Herzog

Outline

Economy

FinancialMarkets

BankingSector

Future

LocalEconomy

US Bond Issuance, 1996-2012 (SIFMA)

MonetaryPolicy

Ryan W.Herzog

Outline

Economy

FinancialMarkets

BankingSector

Future

LocalEconomy

Interest on Required and Excess Reserves

Starting October 1st, 2008 the Federal Reserve elected topay interest on reserves.

Banks long argued that forcing banks into holding reservesacted like a tax.

They also claimed they would hold sufficient reserves tomeet customer demands.

Today the Federal Reserve is paying 0.25% on all reserveholdings.

This has resulted in large amounts of excess reserves.

MonetaryPolicy

Ryan W.Herzog

Outline

Economy

FinancialMarkets

BankingSector

Future

LocalEconomy

Interest on Required and Excess Reserves

Starting October 1st, 2008 the Federal Reserve elected topay interest on reserves.

Banks long argued that forcing banks into holding reservesacted like a tax.

They also claimed they would hold sufficient reserves tomeet customer demands.

Today the Federal Reserve is paying 0.25% on all reserveholdings.

This has resulted in large amounts of excess reserves.

MonetaryPolicy

Ryan W.Herzog

Outline

Economy

FinancialMarkets

BankingSector

Future

LocalEconomy

Interest on Required and Excess Reserves

Starting October 1st, 2008 the Federal Reserve elected topay interest on reserves.

Banks long argued that forcing banks into holding reservesacted like a tax.

They also claimed they would hold sufficient reserves tomeet customer demands.

Today the Federal Reserve is paying 0.25% on all reserveholdings.

This has resulted in large amounts of excess reserves.

MonetaryPolicy

Ryan W.Herzog

Outline

Economy

FinancialMarkets

BankingSector

Future

LocalEconomy

Interest on Required and Excess Reserves

Starting October 1st, 2008 the Federal Reserve elected topay interest on reserves.

Banks long argued that forcing banks into holding reservesacted like a tax.

They also claimed they would hold sufficient reserves tomeet customer demands.

Today the Federal Reserve is paying 0.25% on all reserveholdings.

This has resulted in large amounts of excess reserves.

MonetaryPolicy

Ryan W.Herzog

Outline

Economy

FinancialMarkets

BankingSector

Future

LocalEconomy

Interest on Required and Excess Reserves

Starting October 1st, 2008 the Federal Reserve elected topay interest on reserves.

Banks long argued that forcing banks into holding reservesacted like a tax.

They also claimed they would hold sufficient reserves tomeet customer demands.

Today the Federal Reserve is paying 0.25% on all reserveholdings.

This has resulted in large amounts of excess reserves.

MonetaryPolicy

Ryan W.Herzog

Outline

Economy

FinancialMarkets

BankingSector

Future

LocalEconomy

Change in Monetary Aggregates, 1990-2013

MonetaryPolicy

Ryan W.Herzog

Outline

Economy

FinancialMarkets

BankingSector

Future

LocalEconomy

Monetary Base, 1990-2013

MonetaryPolicy

Ryan W.Herzog

Outline

Economy

FinancialMarkets

BankingSector

Future

LocalEconomy

Bank Reserves, 1990-2013

MonetaryPolicy

Ryan W.Herzog

Outline

Economy

FinancialMarkets

BankingSector

Future

LocalEconomy

The link between money and inflation

Does a radical increase in the monetary base or moneysupply create higher inflation?

Perhaps.

Despite food price shocks and high oil prices inflation rateshave remained low.

Inflation has probably remained lower then the Fed wouldlike.

MonetaryPolicy

Ryan W.Herzog

Outline

Economy

FinancialMarkets

BankingSector

Future

LocalEconomy

The link between money and inflation

Does a radical increase in the monetary base or moneysupply create higher inflation?

Perhaps.

Despite food price shocks and high oil prices inflation rateshave remained low.

Inflation has probably remained lower then the Fed wouldlike.

MonetaryPolicy

Ryan W.Herzog

Outline

Economy

FinancialMarkets

BankingSector

Future

LocalEconomy

The link between money and inflation

Does a radical increase in the monetary base or moneysupply create higher inflation?

Perhaps.

Despite food price shocks and high oil prices inflation rateshave remained low.

Inflation has probably remained lower then the Fed wouldlike.

MonetaryPolicy

Ryan W.Herzog

Outline

Economy

FinancialMarkets

BankingSector

Future

LocalEconomy

The link between money and inflation

Does a radical increase in the monetary base or moneysupply create higher inflation?

Perhaps.

Despite food price shocks and high oil prices inflation rateshave remained low.

Inflation has probably remained lower then the Fed wouldlike.

MonetaryPolicy

Ryan W.Herzog

Outline

Economy

FinancialMarkets

BankingSector

Future

LocalEconomy

Inflationary Expectations

MonetaryPolicy

Ryan W.Herzog

Outline

Economy

FinancialMarkets

BankingSector

Future

LocalEconomy

Banking Activity

Lending

Capital/leverage rates

Liquidity

Net Loans and Leases

MonetaryPolicy

Ryan W.Herzog

Outline

Economy

FinancialMarkets

BankingSector

Future

LocalEconomy

Banking Activity

Lending

Capital/leverage rates

Liquidity

Net Loans and Leases

MonetaryPolicy

Ryan W.Herzog

Outline

Economy

FinancialMarkets

BankingSector

Future

LocalEconomy

Banking Activity

Lending

Capital/leverage rates

Liquidity

Net Loans and Leases

MonetaryPolicy

Ryan W.Herzog

Outline

Economy

FinancialMarkets

BankingSector

Future

LocalEconomy

Banking Activity

Lending

Capital/leverage rates

Liquidity

Net Loans and Leases

MonetaryPolicy

Ryan W.Herzog

Outline

Economy

FinancialMarkets

BankingSector

Future

LocalEconomy

Bank Lending, 1990-2013

MonetaryPolicy

Ryan W.Herzog

Outline

Economy

FinancialMarkets

BankingSector

Future

LocalEconomy

Bank Liquidity, 1998-2012

MonetaryPolicy

Ryan W.Herzog

Outline

Economy

FinancialMarkets

BankingSector

Future

LocalEconomy

Short-term investments, 1998-2012

MonetaryPolicy

Ryan W.Herzog

Outline

Economy

FinancialMarkets

BankingSector

Future

LocalEconomy

Net loans and leases, 1998-2012

MonetaryPolicy

Ryan W.Herzog

Outline

Economy

FinancialMarkets

BankingSector

Future

LocalEconomy

Investment securities, 1998-2012

MonetaryPolicy

Ryan W.Herzog

Outline

Economy

FinancialMarkets

BankingSector

Future

LocalEconomy

Bank Capital

“Well Capitalized.” Total RBC Ratio equal to or greaterthan 10%, and Tier 1 RBC Ratio equal to or greater than6 percent.

“Adequately Capitalized.” Total RBC Ratio equal to orgreater than 8%, and Tier 1 RBC Ratio equal to or greaterthan 4%.

“Undercapitalized.” Neither Well Capitalized norAdequately Capitalized.

Under Doff-Frank each bank is required to have a totalRBC ratio of 8% and a tier 1 RBC ratio of 4%.

Under Basel III tier 1 RBC ratio increases to 4.5% in 2014and eventually 6% by 2016 (with a 4.5% common equitytier 1 capital ratio).

MonetaryPolicy

Ryan W.Herzog

Outline

Economy

FinancialMarkets

BankingSector

Future

LocalEconomy

Bank Capital

“Well Capitalized.” Total RBC Ratio equal to or greaterthan 10%, and Tier 1 RBC Ratio equal to or greater than6 percent.

“Adequately Capitalized.” Total RBC Ratio equal to orgreater than 8%, and Tier 1 RBC Ratio equal to or greaterthan 4%.

“Undercapitalized.” Neither Well Capitalized norAdequately Capitalized.

Under Doff-Frank each bank is required to have a totalRBC ratio of 8% and a tier 1 RBC ratio of 4%.

Under Basel III tier 1 RBC ratio increases to 4.5% in 2014and eventually 6% by 2016 (with a 4.5% common equitytier 1 capital ratio).

MonetaryPolicy

Ryan W.Herzog

Outline

Economy

FinancialMarkets

BankingSector

Future

LocalEconomy

Bank Capital

“Well Capitalized.” Total RBC Ratio equal to or greaterthan 10%, and Tier 1 RBC Ratio equal to or greater than6 percent.

“Adequately Capitalized.” Total RBC Ratio equal to orgreater than 8%, and Tier 1 RBC Ratio equal to or greaterthan 4%.

“Undercapitalized.” Neither Well Capitalized norAdequately Capitalized.

Under Doff-Frank each bank is required to have a totalRBC ratio of 8% and a tier 1 RBC ratio of 4%.

Under Basel III tier 1 RBC ratio increases to 4.5% in 2014and eventually 6% by 2016 (with a 4.5% common equitytier 1 capital ratio).

MonetaryPolicy

Ryan W.Herzog

Outline

Economy

FinancialMarkets

BankingSector

Future

LocalEconomy

Bank Capital

“Well Capitalized.” Total RBC Ratio equal to or greaterthan 10%, and Tier 1 RBC Ratio equal to or greater than6 percent.

“Adequately Capitalized.” Total RBC Ratio equal to orgreater than 8%, and Tier 1 RBC Ratio equal to or greaterthan 4%.

“Undercapitalized.” Neither Well Capitalized norAdequately Capitalized.

Under Doff-Frank each bank is required to have a totalRBC ratio of 8% and a tier 1 RBC ratio of 4%.

Under Basel III tier 1 RBC ratio increases to 4.5% in 2014and eventually 6% by 2016 (with a 4.5% common equitytier 1 capital ratio).

MonetaryPolicy

Ryan W.Herzog

Outline

Economy

FinancialMarkets

BankingSector

Future

LocalEconomy

Bank Capital

“Well Capitalized.” Total RBC Ratio equal to or greaterthan 10%, and Tier 1 RBC Ratio equal to or greater than6 percent.

“Adequately Capitalized.” Total RBC Ratio equal to orgreater than 8%, and Tier 1 RBC Ratio equal to or greaterthan 4%.

“Undercapitalized.” Neither Well Capitalized norAdequately Capitalized.

Under Doff-Frank each bank is required to have a totalRBC ratio of 8% and a tier 1 RBC ratio of 4%.

Under Basel III tier 1 RBC ratio increases to 4.5% in 2014and eventually 6% by 2016 (with a 4.5% common equitytier 1 capital ratio).

MonetaryPolicy

Ryan W.Herzog

Outline

Economy

FinancialMarkets

BankingSector

Future

LocalEconomy

Basel III, capital requirements

MonetaryPolicy

Ryan W.Herzog

Outline

Economy

FinancialMarkets

BankingSector

Future

LocalEconomy

Tier 1 RBC, 1998-2012

MonetaryPolicy

Ryan W.Herzog

Outline

Economy

FinancialMarkets

BankingSector

Future

LocalEconomy

Total RBC, 1998-2012

MonetaryPolicy

Ryan W.Herzog

Outline

Economy

FinancialMarkets

BankingSector

Future

LocalEconomy

Return on Average Equity, 1990-2013

MonetaryPolicy

Ryan W.Herzog

Outline

Economy

FinancialMarkets

BankingSector

Future

LocalEconomy

Return on Average Assets, 1990-2013

MonetaryPolicy

Ryan W.Herzog

Outline

Economy

FinancialMarkets

BankingSector

Future

LocalEconomy

Tier 1 RLeverage Ratio, 1998-2012

MonetaryPolicy

Ryan W.Herzog

Outline

Economy

FinancialMarkets

BankingSector

Future

LocalEconomy

Future Course of Monetary Policy

Future growth rates

Expected inflation

MonetaryPolicy

Ryan W.Herzog

Outline

Economy

FinancialMarkets

BankingSector

Future

LocalEconomy

Future Course of Monetary Policy

Future growth rates

Expected inflation

MonetaryPolicy

Ryan W.Herzog

Outline

Economy

FinancialMarkets

BankingSector

Future

LocalEconomy

Federal Reserve key projections

MonetaryPolicy

Ryan W.Herzog

Outline

Economy

FinancialMarkets

BankingSector

Future

LocalEconomy

Federal Reserve interest rate projections

MonetaryPolicy

Ryan W.Herzog

Outline

Economy

FinancialMarkets

BankingSector

Future

LocalEconomy

Zillow Home Price Index

MonetaryPolicy

Ryan W.Herzog

Outline

Economy

FinancialMarkets

BankingSector

Future

LocalEconomy

Foreclosure Rates (Pacific NW)

Foreclosure Rates (First Lien)

City Sep-12 Jun-12 Mar-12 Dec-11 Sep-11 Jun-11 Mar-11 Dec-10 Sep-10 Jun-10 Mar-10

Spokane 3.9 3.6 2.9 2.75 2.7 3.3 3.2 3.2 3.1 2.9 2.4Seattle/Tac. 4.9 4.5 3.5 3.2 3.4 4.2 4.1 4 3.7 3.1 2.8

Portland/Van. 5.1 5 4.8 4.4 4.5 4.5 4.1 4.7 3.7 3.5 3.4Yakima 5.2 4.9 4.3 3.9 4 4.4 4.3 4.3 4.2 3.8 3.5Olympia 4.5 4.1 3.2 2.9 2.9 3.6 3.6 3.5 3.3 2.8 2.4

Wenatchee 3.1 2.9 2.2 2.2 2.4 2.7 2.6 2.7 2.3 2 1.8Tri Cities 2.7 2.75 2.1 1.9 1.8 4.2 2.1 2.2 2.2 2 1.9

Coeur d’Alene 4.5 4.5 4.4 4.2 4.1 3.9 3.8 4 3.8 3.8 3.5Lewiston, ID 3.6 3.4 3 2.7 2.6 2.6 2.6 2.9 2.75 2.1 2.2

Serious Delinquency Rates (First Lien)

City Sep-12 Jun-12 Mar-12 Dec-11 Sep-11 Jun-11 Mar-11 Dec-10 Sep-10 Jun-10 Mar-10

Spokane 8.2 8 7.6 7.4 7 6.5 6.4 6.3 6.2 6.1 6.1Seattle/Tac. 9.7 9.6 9.4 9.1 8.7 8.4 8.4 8.2 8 7.9 7.7

Portland/Van. 7.9 8 7.8 7.6 7.7 7.4 7.3 7.4 6.9 7.1 7.3Yakima 9.5 9.1 9.1 8.7 8.2 7.9 7.5 7.5 7.6 7.7 7.5Olympia 9.6 9.2 8.7 8.5 7.9 7.3 7.1 7.1 6.9 6.8 6.6

Wenatchee 6.1 5.9 5.9 5.9 5.6 5.4 5.1 5.3 5 4.9 4.8Tri Cities 5.2 5 4.9 4.8 4.4 4.2 4.1 4.3 4.5 4.7 4.9

Coeur d’Alene 7 7 6.8 6.5 6.7 6.5 6.5 6.6 6.3 6.9 7.1Lewiston, ID 6.2 5.9 5.9 5.9 5.3 4.8 4.7 4.9 5 4.7 5.3

*Source www.foreclosure-response.org (Center for Housing Policy)

MonetaryPolicy

Ryan W.Herzog

Outline

Economy

FinancialMarkets

BankingSector

Future

LocalEconomy

Unemployment City/State/Nation

MonetaryPolicy

Ryan W.Herzog

Outline

Economy

FinancialMarkets

BankingSector

Future

LocalEconomy

Employment by Major Industry, Spokane

MonetaryPolicy

Ryan W.Herzog

Outline

Economy

FinancialMarkets

BankingSector

Future

LocalEconomy

Personal Income (per capita), 1990-2012

MonetaryPolicy

Ryan W.Herzog

Outline

Economy

FinancialMarkets

BankingSector

Future

LocalEconomy

Leading Index - Pacific NW, 1990-2013

MonetaryPolicy

Ryan W.Herzog

Outline

Economy

FinancialMarkets

BankingSector

Future

LocalEconomy

Local Company Stock Prices

Company 1-Year %∆ 5-Year %∆ Company 1-Year %∆ 5-Year %∆

Russell 2000 10.11% 20.34% S&P 500 10.79% 11.97%Key Tronic 0.96% 216.27% Sterling Fin. 6.3%Northwest Bancorp 14% -57.78% Itron -6.78% -52.76%CdA Mines -31.18% -59.77% WTB Fin. 12.43% 10.5%Hecla Mining -8.4% -51.32% Clearwater Paper 31.82% 316.09%Potlach 44.51% Avista 4.59% 36.72%Coldwater Creek -12.13% -17.81% Intermnt Bank 17.39% (YTD)Red Lion -6.47% -9.85%

*Prices as of 2/27/2013