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Module 8

OSI Physical Layer

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Objectives

• Physical Layer – Communication Signals

• Physical Media – Connecting Communication

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Physical Layer – Communication Signals

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Physical Layer – PurposeTransforming Human Network Communications to Bits

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Physical Layer – OperationRepresentations of Signals on the Physical Media

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Physical Layer – Standard

Connector

Signal standards allowa variety of devicesto interoperate

Standards allow differentcompanies to make cablesand NICs, knowing theywill work together

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Physical Layer Fundamental Principles

Physical Layer Fundamental Principles

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Data Carrying CapacityUnits of Bandwidth, Throughput, and Goodput

• The capacity of a medium to carry data is described as the raw data bandwidth of the media.

• Digital bandwidth measures the amount of information that can flow from one place to another in a given amount of time.

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Data Carrying CapacityData Throughput and Goodput

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Physical Media – Connecting Communication

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Types of Physical Media

Standards for copper media are defined for the:

• Type of copper cabling used

• Bandwidth of the communication

• Type of connectors used

• Pinout and color codes of connections to the media

• Maximum distance of the media

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Copper Media

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Copper MediaExternal Interference with Copper Media

Cable types with shielding or twisting of the pairs of wires are designed to minimize signal degradation due to electronic noise.

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Unshield Twisted Pair (UTP) Cable

TIA/EIA-568 stipulates the commercial cabling standards for LAN installations and is the standard most commonly used in LAN cabling environments. Some the elements defined are:

– Cable types– Cable lengths– Connectors– Cable termination– Methods of testing cable

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Unshield Twisted Pair (UTP) Cable

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Other Copper Cable

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Other Copper CableCoaxial Cable Design

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Fiber MediaFiber Media Cable Design

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Fiber Media

Fiber provides full duplex communications

with a cable dedicated to each direction.

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Fiber MediaFiber Media Modes

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Wireless Media

Wireless Media Signal and Security

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Wireless MediaWireless Standards and Types

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Wireless MediaWLAN Access Points and Adapters

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Media Connectors

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Media Connectors

Copper Media ConnectorsRI45 Termination

Improper cable termination can impact transmission performance

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Media ConnectorsFiber Media Connectors

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Good luck with this module!