Modul ke:

Fakultas

Program Studi

FakultasEkonomi dan

Bisnis

Program StudiManajemen- S1

Helsinawati, SE, MM

PENGANTAR AKUNTANSI

Pokok Bahasan Modul- Nature of a Business, the Role of Accounting in

Business, Type of Business, General Purpose FinancialStatement, IASB and IFRS

www.mercubuana.ac.id

Content

• Nature of a business• Type of Business• The role of accounting in business• General purpose financial statement• IASB, IFRS and FAI

Learning Objective

• Student are able to understand nature of a business, type of business, role of accounting in business, opportunities for accountant, GAAP

Nature of Business and AccountingPengantar AkuntansiPokok Bahasan Modul dari Pertemuan

Introduction

A business is an organization in which resource inputs are processed and assembled to provide goods or services outputs to customers

The objective of most businesses is to earn a profit. Profit is the difference between the amounts received from customers for goods or services and the amounts paid for the inputs used to provide the goods or services.

Type of Business

Service Business

Product

Disney EntertainmentDelta Air Lines TransportationMarriott Hotels Hospitality and lodgingMerrill Lynch Financial adviceSprint Telecommunication

Type of Business

Merchandising Business

Product

Wal-Mart General merchandiseToys “R” Us ToysCircuit City Consumer electronicsLands’ End ApparelAmazon.com Internet books, music, video

retailer

Type of Business

Manufacturing Business

Product

General Motors Cars, trucks, vansIntel Computer chipsBoeing Jet aircraftNike Athletic shoes and apparelCoca-Cola BeveragesSony Stereos and television

Role of Acocunting in BusinessPengantar AkuntansiPokok Bahasan Modul dari Pertemuan

Definition

The role of accounting in business is to provide information for managers to use in

operating the business. In additional, accounting provides information to other

users in assessing the economic performance and condition of the business.

Definition

→ The process by which accounting providesinformation to users is as follows:– Identify users.– Assess users’ information needs.– Design the accounting information system to meet

users’ needs.– Record economic data about business activities and

events.– Prepare accounting reports for users.

The Process of Providing Information

2Assess users’ informational needs.

UsersInternal:Owners, managers, employees

External:Customers, creditors, government

1 Identify Users.

The Process of Providing Information

Accounting Information

System

Design the accounting information system to meet users’ needs.

34Record economic data about business activities and events.

The Process of Providing Information

5Prepare accounting reports for users.

STAKEHOLDERSInternal:Owners, managers, employees

External:Customers, creditors, government

Accounting Information

System

Managerial Accounting

The area of accounting that provides internalusers with information is called managerialaccounting.The objective of managerial accounting is toprovide relevant and timely information formanagers’ and employees’ decision‐makingneeds.

Financial Accounting

The area of accounting that provides externalusers with information is called financialaccounting.The objective of financial accounting is toprovide relevant and timely information for thedecision‐making needs of users outside of thebusiness.

General Accepted Accounting Principles (GAAP)Pengantar AkuntansiPokok Bahasan Modul dari Pertemuan

General Accepted Accounting Principles (GAAP)

• Financial accountants follow generally acceptedaccounting principles (GAAP) in preparingreports.

• Within the U.S., the Financial AccountingStandards Board (FASB) has the primaryresponsibility for developing accountingprinciples.

General Accepted Accounting Principles (GAAP)

The Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC),an agency of the U.S. government, has authorityover the accounting and financial disclosures forcompanies whose shares of ownership (stock) aretraded and sold to the public.

Many countries outside the United States usegenerally accepted accounting principles adoptedby the International Accounting Standards Board(IASB).

Daftar Pustaka

Reeve et.al, 2012, Principal of Accounting IndonesiaAdaption, Salemba Empat : Jakarta

Reeve et.al, 2014, Principle of Financial Accountingwith Conceptual Emphasis on IFRS, CengageLearning Asia Pte Ltd

Warren et al., 2015 Financial Accounting 14e, CengageLearning Asia Pte Ltd

Terima KasihHelsinawati, SE, MM