Post on 09-Jun-2015
description
http://hightunnels.cfans.umn.edu/
High Tunnel Raspberry Research
Morris, MNAlexandria, MN
Grand Rapids, MN
2009 Update
University of MinnesotaOrganic Research Initiative
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High Tunnel Berries at theUniversity of Minnesota
High Tunnel Berries at theUniversity of Minnesota
Individual donations
The Tunnel
Irrigation
Netting
PlantingMay 2008
TheFirst Year
TheFirst Year
Trellising
Harvest
Harvest
“…the raspberries produced from the high tunnel were absolutely phenomenal….”
“Some of the biggest I have ever seen.”
“…plump, sweet and tart!!!! Nice bright color…not bruised at all.”
“We loved the raspberries....”
-Joshua O’Brien, Executive ChefUniversity of Minnesota MorrisSodexo Campus Services
Heat
OLD
NEW
UM MorrisData
FieldHeightCaroline 8/14/09
Autumn Britten8/14/09
3’4’
High TunnelHeightCaroline 8/14/09
Autumn Britten8/14/09
6’ 5’
6/1/2009 7/1/2009 8/1/20090
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
22
39
47
24
5560
22
39
45
25
56
73
Primocane Height Two Varieties in Field and High
Tunnel(inches)
Autumn Britten FieldAutumn Britten High TunnelCaroline FieldCaroline High Tunnel.In
ches
8/5/2009 8/15/2009 8/25/2009 9/4/2009 9/14/2009 9/24/2009 10/4/2009 10/14/2009 10/24/20090
20
40
60
80
100
120
99
58
106
40
Cumulative YieldTwo Varieties in Field and High
Tunnel(Pounds/36 linear foot of row) Field, Autumn
Britten
High Tunnel Autumn Britten
Field Caroline
High Tunnel Caroline
Poun
ds/
36 li
near
feet
of r
ow
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
40
106
58
99
Cumulative YieldTwo Varieties in Field and High
Tunnel(Pounds/36 linear feet of row)
Field, Autumn BrittenHigh Tunnel Autumn BrittenField CarolineHigh Tunnel Caroline
Poun
ds/3
6 lin
ear f
eet o
f row
0.00
0.05
0.10
0.15
0.20
0.25
Individual Berry Weight Two Varieties in Field and High
Tunnel(ounces)
High Tunnel Autumn Britten
Field, Autumn Britten
High Tunnel Caroline
Field Caroline
Oun
ces
Average berry size in a 6 oz. Driscoll’s clamshell
Cost of Construction: 30’ x 48’ High Tunnel
FarmTek Growers Supply 30’ x 48’ High Tunnel $2700.00
Hired labor to construct $1778.00
Thermostatically controlled roll-up sides $1600.00
Electrical $1200.00
Wood materials with door $800.00
Drip irrigation $160.00
Total Initial Costs $8238.00
Potential Income from 30’ x 48’ High Tunnel in the Second Year (First Full Harvest Year)
106.32 pounds/36 feet of linear row x 3 rows per 30’x 48’ high tunnel
318.96 pounds
Number of 6oz. containers filled 850
Price per 6 oz. container $4.50
Total per 30’ x 48’ high tunnel in the second year (first full harvest year)
$3825.00
Potential Return on InvestmentPlanting Year 1/3 of full harvest potential $1275.00
Second Year Full harvest $3825.00
Third Year Full harvest $3825.00
Total income after third year $8925.00
Return on initial investment of $8238.00 after third full year.
Joan J at Alexandria, MN
Spider Mites
Spider Mites
"6/18/2009" "7/15/2009" "8/14/2009"0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
38
6063
43
70
61
40
60 62
Primocane HeightJoan J at three spacings
(inches)
JoanJ_12
JoanJ_18
JoanJ_24
12
” s
pa
cin
g
12
” s
pa
cin
g
12
” s
pa
cin
g
18
” s
pa
cin
g
18
” s
pa
cin
g
18
” s
pa
cin
g
24
” s
pa
cin
g
24
” s
pa
cin
g
24
” s
pa
cin
g
Inch
es
8/10 8/15 8/20 8/25 8/30 9/4 9/9 9/14 9/19 9/24 9/290
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
81
115
121
Cumulative YieldJoan J at three spacings(pounds/36 feet of row)
121824Po
unds
/36
feet
of r
ow
8/10 8/15 8/20 8/25 8/30 9/4 9/9 9/14 9/19 9/24 9/290.10
0.12
0.14
0.16
0.18
0.20
0.22
0.24
0.26
0.28
Individual Berry WeightJoan J at three spacings
(ounces)
12
18
24
Oun
ces
Average berry size in a 6 oz. Driscoll’s clamshell
http://hightunnels.cfans.umn.edu/
High Tunnel Primocane-Fruiting Raspberry
Production at Grand Rapids- Year Two
Shengrui Yao
Department of HorticultureNorth Central Research and Outreach Center
Objectives:• Evaluate five primocane-fruiting raspberry
cultivars • Compare their performance in the high tunnel
with field planting• Monitor temperature changes in high tunnel
and potential winter damage• Monitor pest and disease problems in the
high tunnel • Disseminate the information to potential
growersSpecial thanks to Northeast Minnesota Sustainable Development Partnership for their support of this project
Tunnel management:
• Drip irrigation with 2 T-tapes/row• Fertigation for soil fertility management in
2009• Opening/closing tunnel sides to control tunnel
temperature• Many wild bumble bees and honey bees for
pollination occurred naturally in the area• Propane heater for frost protection
Yield data• In 2008, total of 154 lb of berries were harvested from
our 21x48 ft high tunnel from August 5 to November 6.
• In 2009, total of 379 lb of berries were harvested from our 21x48 ft high tunnel which was equivalent to 16,000 lb/acre from August 5 to November 2.
• In 2009, 80 lb of berries were harvested from the field planting from August 12 to October 5.
Yield (continued): Total Yields of high tunnel and field raspberries in 2008 and 2009
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
8/5 8/19 9/2 9/16 9/30 10/14 10/28Date
Yie
ld (
lb)
HT 08
HT 09
Field 09
Fruit earliness:
0
100
200
300
400
500
8/5 8/19 9/2 9/16 9/30 10/14 10/28
Yie
ld (
g)
Date
Raspberry yield of five cultivars in high tunnel in 2009
A Bliss
A Britten
Caroline
Joan J
Polana
Productivity (2009):
*This yield is the berry weight per plant of the “original planting” in 2008.
Cultivar Yield (lb) Yield (g)
Autumn Bliss 3.2 b 1464 b
Autumn Britten 3.9 ab 1790 ab
Caroline 5.0 a 2263 a
Joan J 4.5 ab 2026 ab
Polana 4.8 a 2191 a
Row1 3.0 b 1349 b
Row2 4.6 a 2108 a
Row3 4.9 a 2216 a
Row4 4.6 a 2093 a
Wt/berry (g) 2008 2009
Autumn Bliss 3.7 3.3
Autumn Britten 5.2x 4.2
Caroline 4.1 4.2
Joan J 4.9 4.6
Polana 4.1 3.8
Average HT berry weight (g)
X Autumn Britten had double fruits in 2008 which made the average berry weight higher.
Cultivars:• Autumn Bliss: small fruit, fewer canes, very thorny, mid
season.• Autumn Britten: nice fruit, fewer canes, mid season,
(double berries)• Caroline: most vigorous, lots of canes and branches, nice
flavor and fruits, very productive, moderate thorns, late cultivar
• Joan J: nice and big fruit, thornless, mid season cultivar• Polana: very early, short plants, small and glossy fruits,
moderate thorns
Bare root plants were planted in the high tunnel at May 9, and in the field on May 12, 2008
Hand thinned most of Caroline plots and some Joan J plots in mid May and early July, 2009.
-40
-20
0
20
40
60
80
12/1/2008 12/21/2008 1/10/2009 1/30/2009 2/19/2009 3/11/2009
Tem
per
atu
re (F
)
Date
Temperature changes in and outside of raspberry high tunnel in winter of 2008/2009
Max out
Min out
Max in
Min in
Air temperature changes in and outside of high tunnel during winter of 2008/2009
Air temperature changes in and outside of raspberry high tunnel during growing
season of 2009
10
30
50
70
90
110
4/1 4/21 5/11 5/31 6/20 7/10 7/30 8/19 9/8 9/28 10/18
Te
mp
era
ture
(F)
Date
Maximum and minimum temperature changes in and outside of raspberry high tunnel in 2009
Max in
Min in
Max out
Min out
Heater effect
Snow cover in winter No snow in winter
Dec 15, 2008
Growing points
(5/15/09)
Autumn Bliss 9.5 cd
Autumn Britten 8.5 d
Caroline 25.7 a
Joan J 14.4 bc
Polana 17.8 b
Snow 17.2 a
No snow 13.1 b
High tunnel 5-19-09
Field 5-19-09
Joan J
9-27-09Caroline
Joan J
PolanaJoan J
Autumn Britten
Caroline
• High tunnel: – Raspberry sawflies for both 2008 and 2009– Spider mites
• Appeared later in the season in 2008 without treatment;• Released parasitic mites and spot treated with insecticidal soap
in 2009
– Cane borer (one cane in 2008)– Crown gall (one plant in 2008)– No other disease pressure
• Field: only raspberry sawfly in 2008 and 2009
Raspberry Pests and Diseases at Grand Rapids
What we learned in 2008 and 2009
• High tunnel primocane-fruiting raspberry is doable in MN even in northern MN
• Tissue culture plants are highly recommended• Cane thinning and early pinching may be necessary
for some vigorous cultivars• Limit N application if N was high in your high tunnels• Heat equipment is necessary for frost protection in
northern Minnesota