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How RocksDiffer

IdentifyingMinerals

Very Important

Vocabulary

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The Rock Cycle

Minerals

the way a mineral shines, or reflects

light

What is luster?

the color of a mineral when it

becomes a powder

What is the streak?

the tendency of a mineral to split easily along flat

surfaces

What is cleavage?

jewelry, coins, metal objects, plaster,

electric wire, and construction

materials

What are ways that minerals are used in

the home?

fingernails, copper pennies, steel nails,

and glass plates

What are tools that can be used to

measure hardness?

a rock that is made when pieces of sand, bits of rock and soil, and the remains of

dead organisms come together and get hard

What is a sedimentary rock?

a rock that forms when melted, or

molten, rock from deep in Earth cools

and gets hard

What is an igneous rock?

rock that is made when old rocks are changed by heat or

pressure under Earth’s surface

What is metamorphic

rock?

the type of rock in which fossils are

found

What is sedimentary rock?

the crust, the mantle, the outer

core, and the inner core

What are the layers of Earth?

Weathering breaks down igneous rocks. These sediments can

be compacted and cemented to form this type of rock.

What is a sedimentary rock?

Heat and pressure may melt a metamorphic

rock, forming magma. When the magma cools and hardens, this type

of rock is formed.

What is an igneous rock?

there is more than one of these

through the rock cycle

What are paths?

these forces can change a rock to a metamorphic rock

What are heat and pressure?

this starts the change from an

igneous rock to a sedimentary rock

What is weathering?

in order to determine what kind of mineral a sample is, you must rub

it against this object and observe the color of the powder left behind

What is a streak plate?

test that determines a

mineral’s ability to resist being scratched

What is the hardness test?

this type of mineral looks dull

What is a nonmetallic

mineral?

this mineral has a hardness of 10

What is a diamond?

the same mineral can be a variety of these, so scientists use other properties to identify

a mineral

What are colors?

a material made up of one or more

minerals

What is a rock?

a nonliving solid material that has a definite chemical

makeup and is found in Earth’s outermost layer

What is a mineral?

the scale used to determine a

mineral’s hardness

What is Mohs Hardness Scale?

the continuous series of changes

that rocks undergo

What is the rock cycle?

weathering and cementing

What are processes in the rock cycle?

Make your wager.

Obsidian, basalt, and granite are examples of this

type of rock.

What are igneous rocks?