Mineral & VitaminSupplementation

for Beef Cattle on pasture

Cost of Correcting Deficiencies

Supplement

Lb/hd/mo $/hd/mo

Mineral 7.5 lb(4oz intake)

$2.70

ProteinSuppl.

Cottonseed meal(1 lb/hd/d)

$3.15

EnergySuppl.

90 lb corn(3 lb/hd/d)

$8.33

Why determine mineral & vitamin inadequacies, interactions , and toxicities?Cellular level

Act as co-factors, co-enzymes metabolic processes

Structural component (bones/teeth)Nerve impulsesOsmotic balanceCo-transporters

Why determine mineral & vitamin inadequacies, interactions , and toxicities?Economic Level

Reduced reproductive performanceReduced growth rateSuppressed immune functionNutritional disorders

Milk feverGrass tetanyPEMWhite muscle diseaseGoiter

Is Something Going On We Can’t Always See?

Variation in mineral content of foragesSoil type,pH, soil nutrientsSeasonal variation

Spring season – cool season forages – Mg deficiency

Type forageCa: Legumes > grasses

Plant stage of maturity

Mineral Interactions Also Play A Role in Deficiencies.

Calcium - Phosphorus

Copper – Sulfur – Molybdenum

Copper – Iron

Copper - Zinc

Marco-Mineral Deficiencies ofArkansas Hay Samples

0102030405060708090

100

Calciu

m

Phosphor

us

Potas

sium

Mag

nesiu

mSulfu

r

Sodiu

m

Per

cen

t

Lact. Cow

500 lb calf

Micro-Mineral Deficiencies of Arkansas Hay Samples

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

Iron

Man

ganes

eZin

c

Copper

Seleniu

m

Per

cen

t

Other minerals of importanceIodineCobalt Molybdenum

ABIP Blood Mineral Analysis Results

Mineral % Farms Inadequate

Mineral % Farms Inadequate

Ca 9.1 Fe 0

P 9.1 Cu 47.6

K 0 Se 66.7

Mg 0 Zn 0?

Na 0

ABIP Blood Mineral Analysis ResultsMineral % Cows

InadequateMineral % Cows

Inadequate

Ca 9.2 Fe 19

P 8.2 Cu 57

K 0 Se 65

Mg 10.2 Zn 7

Na 2.0