Introduction to Migration

presented by

Migration is Global

In 2005, 191 million people were counted as living outside the country of their birth

The number of migrants worldwide has doubled since World War II

If they lived in the same place, international migrants would form the 5th most populous country in the world

Migration is Global

05

1015202530354045

USARussia

GermanyUkraineFrance

Saudi Arabia

CanadaIndia

UKSpain

AustraliaPakistan

Hong Kong SAR

IsraelItaly

KazakhstanCote d'Ivoire

JordanJapan

Number of Migrants (millions)

Source: United Nations Population Division. Trends in Total Migrant Stock, 2005 Revision. p 11.

Why do people migrate?

1. Economics(push/pull factors)

2. Politics (push factors)

3. Social Forces(pull factors)

Economic Causes of Migration

Migration in search of better economic conditions, employment, etc.

Migration to escape overpopulation and its effects

Migration to escape poor climate conditions such as drought, el Niño, etc.

Migration to escape natural disasters

Political Causes of Migration

Migration to escape war, invasion, military takeover, etc.

Migration to escape persecution on ethnic, political, religious, or other grounds

Migration to escape prosecution for crimes committed

Political Causes of Migration

Migration as punishment for crimes committed

Migration as a result of enslavement Forced migration, with or without

political agreement

Social Causes of Migration

Migration to spread a religion Migration to reunite with family, friends,

etc. who have previously migrated Migration to spread a political

philosophy, such as Marxism, democracy, etc.

Migration to find personal freedom, to live a certain lifestyle, or to hold certain beliefs, not necessarily as the result of persecution

What are the effects of migration?

1. Effects on the immigrants2. Effects on the host country3. Effects on the home country4. Multi-national issues

Effects on the Immigrants

Issues of identity Issues of adaptation and assimilation Differing cultural values between

generations

Effects on the Host Country

Economic impacts positive and negative real and perceived

Welfare issues Social attitudes

Effects on the Home Country

Remittances Loss of revenue

Top 20 Remittance-Receiving Countries (by $ amount)

0

5

10

15

20

25

IndiaChinaMexicoFrance

Philippines

SpainBelgiumGermany

UK

MoroccoSerbia

PakistanBrazil

Bangladesh

EgyptPortugalViet NamColombia

USANigeria

Billions of dollars

Source: World Bank. Global Economic Prospects 2006: Economic Implications of Remittances and Migration. 90.

Top 20 Remittance-Receiving Countries (by % of GDP)

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

TongaMoldovaLesotho

HaitiBosniaJordanJamaica

Serbia

El SalvadorHondurasPhilippinesDom. Rep.Lebanon

SamoaTajikistanNicaragua

AlbaniaNepal

KiribatiYemen

Share of GDP

Source: World Bank. Global Economic Prospects 2006: Economic Implications of Remittances and Migration. 90.

Effects on the Home Country

Families left behind “Brain drain” Population decrease

Multi-National Issues

“Open border” policies Immigration policies Security issues Human trafficking/slavery

Human Trafficking

Human Trafficking