Post on 25-Dec-2015
Midieval Times
Kings and queens
Lords & Ladies
Knights
Peasants & Serfs
Medieval Europe- 500 A.D. to 1475 A.d.
Peasants
Serfs
*Peasants worked manors
*Paid to use the land and they were free and could move anytime they wanted
*lived in cottages
*were not slaves (could not be sold
and could not move)
*lord protected them and they had to have permission from the lord to marry or own property
*later during middle ages they could buy their freedom
*lived in small one room houses
Geography
Continent and Large Peninsula
Seas and Rivers made Europe safe and gave them many opportunities to trade
(Leave Space for map)
Carolus Magnes
Grandfather-Charles Martel-Mayor of Palace-settled disputes, he distributed land and fought own wars
Pepin (his father) conquered Italy and gave land to people both father and son (Charlemagne) worked closely with Pope
Charles-built up empire, believed in education (made schools in palaces) AKA Charles the Great & Charlemagne
Controlled Germany and Spain that became Christian areas
Charles MArtel cont.
Battle of Tours-Charles pushed the muslims out and christianity became the #1 religion
South of France
Spain
North AfricaMuslim
Vikings from Scandinavia
known for their long boats that could handle the rough water of the Atlantic Ocean
Could Navigate through shallow waters.
First lived along fjords and later robbed villages taking anything they wanted
King VS Pope
sent monks to be missionaries
set up schools to educate
fed the hungry
gave weary rest
taught carpentry, weaving, new farming techniques
hospitals (care for sick)
kings could no longer appoint church officials
Gregory (pope) King Henry IV1.) King was mad at 1.) King was mad at Pope and said he could Pope and said he could no longer be Popeno longer be Pope2.) Pope 2.) Pope excommunicated King excommunicated King (meant that no longer (meant that no longer part of church and could part of church and could not enter heaven)not enter heaven)3.) King went to Pope 3.) King went to Pope (barefoot in snow (barefoot in snow begging for forgiveness)begging for forgiveness)4.) Pope forgave but 4.) Pope forgave but elected new kingelected new king
LEave most of page open for shield
around the edges write “Knights code of chivalry to obey lord, to be honest, to be brave, to honor church, to help people, to show respect to women of noble birth, and to fight fairly”
Cities-had government, elected own officials, building built close together and if a fire broke
out the whole city was destroyed.
*Cities were dirty and smelly. Threw waste in rivers. Luckily people had wells to get their
drinking water.
*Cities-women were allowed to live independent lives
When Rome Fell
most people lived in small villages and never left, having little knowledge of the world
Because of feudalism in 1100 AD groups flourished
1.) There was more food
2.) enforced laws and it was safe
3.) trade started again (areas flourished and ideas spread)
Kingdoms and Crusades
Ivan III (THE GREAT FROM RUSSIA) he was a czar
William the Conquerer from Normandy
King Phillip II -from France his son was _____
King Henry ruled from 1154-1189 AD *he established central court, lawyers, judges, who traveled hearing court cases *established common law throughout kingdom *established grand jury and trial jury
King John-Magna carta
King John ruled from 1199-
raised taxes
nobles were angry and they refused to honor the king unless granted certain rights
certain rights=magna carta
contCalled great charter and took away some of King’s power
no longer could collect taxes unless group “Great council” agreed
if accused of a crime had the right of a free trial of peers
Habeas Corpus-can not be put in jail indefinately unless you had a trial
people have rights and the power of the government should be limited
house of lords-nobles & chief officials
House of commons
knights & towns people
parliament
Crusades
Muslims took over Byzantine Empire
Pope gave speech to crowd to defend the Holy Land (Jerusalem)
CROWD CHEER-” IT IS THE WILL OF GOD”
Soldiers wore red crosses to show obedience to the Pope and headed East to fight
crusades cont
1st Crusade
They stormed city and took Jerusalem back*also set up 4 outer states to help protect
2nd Crusade-Egyptian King Saladin united Muslims and took back Jerusalem
3rd Crusade-Total failure-truce-Saladin promised the Christians a pilgrimage to Jerusalem and he would not attack them.
crusades continued
Over 10 crusades in all, and nothing changed. The muslims gained all the territory back that they won during the 1st crusade
Affected Europe: 1.) Increased trade with middle east2.) broke down Feudalism
Culture1000-1150 religious wave. Educated women became nuns. Friars which means “brother” were men who preached and had to beg to survive.
Daily Life revolved around church-Sunday people went to Mass. The church was EXTREMELY powerful many churches are named after Mary (Notre Dame-our lady)
Inquistion group-tried anyone who committed heresy (different belief than the church). If you confessed you asked for forgiveness and went back to going to church. If NO confession they tortured you until you confessed. If you still did not confess they executed you
anti-semitism-hatred for Jews
Jews were persecuted (because they refused to become Christians)
Blamed the Jews for everything, mobs would attack and kill Jews, Jews had to wear special badges or clothing
Jews became money lenders & charged interest (this was considered a sin)
1100’s Many places expelled Jews
Jews moved to different areas and thrived in their new communities that were based on the Jewish beliefs
This was a wealthy time for Europe & they built many beautiful churches
University of Oxford 1096-students would study for 6 years then take an oral exam, if they studied 10 more years they got a doctrine
Thomas Aquinas-people have natural laws that government should not take away (RIGHT TO LIVE, RIGHT TO LEARN, RIGHT TO WORSHIP, RIGHT TO REPRODUCE)
BLACK DEATH/100 Year War
KILLED MILLIONS OF PEOPLE-1/2 THE POPULATION. It was a bubonic plague which means they got it from fleas on rats.
100 year war was going on and the English soldiers threw the dead soldier bodies into the city to infest the people living there (strategic Warfare)
100 year war between English (Normady) and French-FRENCH WON
Joan of Arc (peasant) said that the saints urged them to free France. They later captured her and burned her at the stake
After the War they had a weak economy but the positive is that people had strong feelings for their country (pride & patriotism)
After 100 year war. England had a tough time. People were fighting over the throne “War of the Roses” war time that nobles were fighting to become the king
Spain/Portugal (King Ferdinand & Queen Isabella)-Spanish Inquisition (Jewish people were charged with Heresy, if they were not Catholic). Next they turned to the muslims, they wanted the Peninsula. Later if Muslims did not convert they had to leave
1300-1400’s there was a lot of war going on in Europe