Mid – Term Review 11-12

Wilson Social Studies

Tallulah Falls

All countries & physical features can be practiced using the files on my web

page. The following review is content only! Good luck!

5 Themes of Social Studies

History, Culture, Government,Economics, & Geography

5 Themes of Geography

Movement, Region, Location, Human-Environment

Interaction, Place

Democracy type w/ president

Presidential Democracy

Democracy type w/ power in the cabinet. Usually has

prime minister.Parliamentary Democracy

Government where power is given to the people through

free elections. Democracy

Government ruled by a few elite.

Oligarchy

Government where ONE person has complete

authority.Autocracy

Government where one central authority has the

power. Unitary/Unitarian

Government where power is divided between ONE

central and several regional authorities.

Federation

Voluntary association of countries that unite for a

common purpose.Confederation

Economic type where government has control.

Command

Economic type where supply and demand determines

prices of goods.Market

Economic system that has qualities from both market

and command. Most countries have this.

Mixed

What are the Middle East’s major, burning issues?

Water pollution, unequal distribution of water & oil,

water rights, & transportation

Ethnic group that descends from Arabian Peninsula.

United by Arabic language and Islam.

Arabs

Large middle eastern ethnic group that desire their own

country. They speak Kurdish.

Kurds

Ethnic group from Iran & mostly Shi’ite Muslim.

Persian

3 Monotheistic Religions in Chronological Order

Judaism, Christianity, & Islam

Founders of Judaism, Christianity, & Islam

Abraham, Jesus Christ, & Muhammad

Gods of Judaism, Christianity, & Islam

Yahweh, Trinity (Father, Son, & Holy Spirit), & Allah

Holy Books of Judaism, Christianity, & Islam

Torah, Bible, & Koran

Abraham’s two sons and the ethnic groups & religions

they becameIsaac – Jews – JudaismIshmael – Arabs - Islam

Essential beliefs of Islam

5 Pillars – 1. One God 2. Pray 5x / day 3. Giving 4. Fasting 5.

Hajj to Mecca

2 main branches of Islam

Sunni – 90%Shi’ite - 10%

The Ottoman Empire was an __________ Empire

Islamic

Ruler of the Muslim Community until 1924

Caliph

Ruler of the Ottoman Empire

Sultan

Greatest sultan of all time. The Ottoman Empire was at

its peak during his reign.

Suleiman I

The Ottomans captured this capital city of the Byzantine

Empire in 1453

Constantinople

This man stopped Muslim forces from advancing

further into France in the Battle of Tours (732 CE).

Charles Martel

After this major WORLD event, the Ottoman Empire

collapsed and was partitioned by European

nations.

WWI

These two European nations gained control of the

majority of the Ottoman Empire

France & Britain

This treaty officially abolished the Ottoman

Empire

Treaty of Sevres

Israel gained its independence in the year

______.1948

After these two WORLD events, thousands of Jews

returned homeWWI & WWII

4 Wars fought between Israel and Arab nations.

Arab-Israeli Wars

War fought immediately after Israel became

independent.War of Independence - 1948

Arab-Israeli War of 1973. Surprise attack on Israel’s

holiest day of the year.Yom Kippur War

Main effect of Yom Kippur War

Political. Arab nations placed embargo on oil in the U.S.

The Egyptian president & Arab hero who came on the

scene in the Suez WarNasser

PLO stands for what and who is the most famous

leader of this group?Palestinian Liberation Organization - Arafat

1993 – Peace talks between Israeli leaders & PLO

Oslo Accords

Term given to describe the push for a Jewish homeland

Zionism

Gulf War I (1990-1991) began because who attacked

who and for what?Iraq attacked Kuwait for

allegedly stealing oil on the border.

Gulf War I was the first war you could follow on the

____________ each night.

Television

The U.S. was an ally of Kuwait in Gulf War I. What type of attacks did the U.S.

use primarily in Iraq?

Air Strikes

Who was the evil dictator of Iraq in Gulf War I?

Saddam Hussein

The U.S. involvement in Gulf War II was called

Operation Desert Storm

In Gulf War II (2003), The U.S. entered Iraq to remove

which evil dictator?Saddam Hussein

One of the controversial reasons the U.S. entered

Gulf War II in Iraq

Weapons of Mass Destruction

Who was the evil dictator of Iraq in Gulf War I?

Saddam Hussein

The U.S. involvement in Gulf War II (War in Iraq – 2003)

was called

Operation Iraqi Freedom

Why did the U.S. enter Afghanistan in 2001?

Find the terrorist groups responsible for the attack on

9/11/01

Israel’s government type and leader who has REAL

power

Presidential Democracy – Prime Minister

Saudi Arabia’s government type and name of REAL

leader

Monarchy – King –

Laws in Saudi Arabia are based on what religion and

what is the law called?

Islam – Sharia Law

Iran’s government type and name of leader

Theocratic Republic – President (but ayatollah/supreme leader

advises the president)

Government type based on religion or a religious leader

Theocracy

Israel’s Economy Type and focus of industry

Mixed - Technology

What is Israel’s oil and natural resources situation

like?

Very limited or none of each

Who controls most of Saudi Arabia’s economy? What is their economy driven by?

Government - Oil

Turkey is mostly a _____ economy type.

Command

High or low GDP (gross domestic product) normally

= ______High or Low Literacy Rate

Examples of trade barriers

Embargos, mountains, deserts, & wars

OPEC stands for what. What do they do?

Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries – Control the world’s oil

market (prices & amounts)

Rainy season that South & Southeast Asia relies on for

the growth of crops.

Monsoon

The Ganges & Yangtze are highly _________, causing sickness, death, and loss of

crops.

Polluted

The Ganges is a symbol of _______ purity for Hindus.

Spiritual

Causes of air and river pollution in India & China

Urbanization & Industrialization

Hinduism belief in the cycle of birth, death, & rebirth?

Reincarnation

Hindu belief of the sum of your good or bad deeds and the effect they have in your

afterlife.

Karma

Hindu Triad of gods. Who are they? What do they do?

Trimurti: Brahma – Creator, Vishnu – Preserver, Shiva -

Destroyer

Hindu social class system in India. You may be

reincarnated into a better class by your karma.

Caste System

Brought the beliefs to India that became known as

Hinduism around 1500 BCE.

Aryans

Goal of Hinduism

Stop the cycle of reincarnation

Founder of Buddhism

Siddhartha Gautama

Just like Judaism birthed Christianity, Hinduism birthed __________.

Buddhism

Judaism, Christianity, & Islam are all ______

religions.

Monotheistic

Hinduism is a _______ religion; whereas, Buddhism

has no _____.

Polytheistic - god

Salvation is achieved through God in the Middle Eastern

religions; whereas, salvation is achieved by you and your ________ in Hinduism &

Buddhism.

Mind

In Buddhism, the ultimate goal is to reach ________,

which is gained by following the _____ _____.

Middle Way (includes the 8fold Path)

Focusing your mind with intense strength in order to

achieve enlightenment

Meditation

“A” Buddha vs. “The” Buddha

“A” Buddha is one who has become enlightened. “The”

Buddha is Siddhartha Gautama himself.

Why is this the last slide?

Because you’ve made it through 85 of them and you

are finished!!! Good Luck!!!