Post on 17-Dec-2015
Microstegium vimineum Management and Impacts
on Native Plant Communities
Microstegium vimineum Management and Impacts
on Native Plant Communities
Caren A. Judge, Joseph C. Neal, Theodore H. Shear, and Jeffrey F. Derr
North Carolina State University
Microstegium vimineumMicrostegium vimineum Japanese stiltgrass Summer annual
invasive grass (Poaceae)
C4, shade-tolerant Wetlands, woodlands,
utility easements, lawns, landscapes
http://plants.usda.gov
ObjectivesObjectives
To use an biological and ecological based research program to make sound management recommendations for Japanese stiltgrass
Current management guidelinesCurrent management guidelines
Prevent seed production (Tu 2000)
Methods (late-season)–Hand-removal–Mechanical (mow)–Nonselective herbicide
(Roundup Pro – glyphosate)
Questions and concerns? Questions and concerns?
Late-season control allows competition to reduce native species
Non-selective methods (Roundup and mowing) kill native species
Management must be timely
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
J F M A M J J A S O N D
Day 15 of Each Month
2004
Day
Len
gth
(h
ou
rs)
Photoperiod and flowering (NC)
1st visible flowers (2002-2004)
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
J F M A M J J A S O N D
Day 15 of Each Month
2004
Day
Len
gth
(h
ou
rs)
Photoperiod and flowering (NC)
1st visible flowers (2002-2004)
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
J F M A M J J A S O N D
Day 15 of Each Month
2004
Day
Len
gth
(h
ou
rs)
Photoperiod and flowering (NC)
1st visible flowers (2002-2004)
Approximate floral induction
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
J F M A M J J A S O N D
Day 15 of Each Month
2004
Day
Len
gth
(h
ou
rs)
Photoperiod and flowering (NC)
1st visible flowers (2002-2004)
Approximate floral induction
Seed development Seed development Harvest
inflorescences at various times in the reproductive cycle
Oct. 7 Oct. 21
Nov. 14Nov. 2
Germination of immature seed Germination of immature seed
Collection Date % Germination
Oct. 7 13c
Oct. 21 57b
Nov. 2 97a
Nov. 14 100a
Stiltgrass PRE Control – 8 WATStiltgrass PRE Control – 8 WAT
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100
Pennant
Devrinol
Team Pro
Ronstar
Snapshot
Preen
Dimension
Pendulum
XL
Surflan
Barricade
LSD=15 P=0.05
*
*****
Percent
Stiltgrass & Crabgrass PRE ControlStiltgrass & Crabgrass PRE Control
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100
Pennant
Devrinol
Team Pro
Ronstar
Snapshot
Preen
Dimension
Pendulum
XL
Surflan
Barricade
stiltgrass
crabgrass
Percent
Stiltgrass POST Control – 8 WATStiltgrass POST Control – 8 WAT
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100
Dimension
Drive
Bueno 6
Envoy
Acclaim Extra
Fusilade II
Vantage
Finale
Roundup Pro
LSD=11 P=0.05
*
**
***
Percent
***
Stiltgrass & Crabgrass POST Control Stiltgrass & Crabgrass POST Control
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100
Dimension
Drive
Bueno 6
Envoy
Acclaim Extra
Fusilade II
Vantage
Finale
Roundup Pro
stiltgrass
crabgrass
Percent
Timing experimentTiming experiment Herbicides
–Acclaim Extra–Vantage–Plateau
Timing –Early season–Mid season–Late season
Data collection & analysisData collection & analysis 2 years (2002 & 2003) 2 locations (NC and VA) RCBD, 4 replications, ANOVA Percent control (’02 and ’03) Percent seedhead reduction (‘03) Percent stand reduction (May ‘04)
Timing: Herbicide effectTiming: Herbicide effect
0
20
40
60
80
100
Biomass Reduction Seedhead Reduction03
Stand Reduction 04
Per
cen
t C
ontr
ol
Acclaim Vantage Plateau
Herbicide NSTiming NS
Herbicide NSTiming NS
Herbicide 0.0113Timing NS
aab b
Timing effect – Oct 2003Timing effect – Oct 2003
Nontreated Acclaim Extra: May
Acclaim Extra: June Acclaim Extra: August
Herbicide, rate, and frequencyHerbicide, rate, and frequency 2 years (NC) Herbicides
– Acclaim Extra– Vantage
Rates - 1/2X, 1X # Applications
– 1 application (mid-season)
– 2 applications (4 wk interval)
Non-treated
Vantage 1X-2 apps
Herbicide, rate, and frequencyHerbicide, rate, and frequency
0
20
40
60
80
100
1/2 X 1 app 1/2 X 2 apps 1X 1 app 1X 2 apps
Per
cen
t C
ontr
ol
ANOVA: Year (NS), Herbicide (NS),Rate (P = 0.0133), Frequency (P < 0.0001),
Rate*Frequency (P = 0.133)
Herbicide, rate, and frequencyHerbicide, rate, and frequency
Nontreated
Vantage 1/2X: 1 app Vantage 1/2X: 2 app
Vantage 1X: 1 app Vantage 1X: 2 app
Oct 2003
SummarySummary
All three selective herbicides were effective at each application timing
Multiple applications were more effective than single applications (whether 1/2X or 1X)
Conventional vs. selectiveConventional vs. selective
Handweed: August Roundup Pro: August
Mow: August Acclaim Extra: June x2
Data collection & analysisData collection & analysis Percent cover: 2002 to 2004
–Mid-summer–Late-summer
Soil cores: 2002 to 2004 –2 per plot (10 x 5 cm) –Identified species–# of individuals
ANOVA (P ≤ 0.05)
Selective vs. nonselective 2002
Selective vs. nonselective 2002
August November
Acc
laim
Ext
raR
ound
up P
ro
Selective vs. nonselective 2003
Selective vs. nonselective 2003
July September
Acc
laim
Ext
raR
ound
up P
ro
Selective vs. nonselective 2004
Selective vs. nonselective 2004
June September
Acc
laim
Ext
raR
ound
up P
ro
End of 3rd season comparisonsEnd of 3rd season comparisons
nontreated
Acclaim Extra Roundup Pro
Japanese stiltgrass cover: Duke ForestJapanese stiltgrass cover: Duke Forest
0
20
40
60
80
100
Year 2 Year 3
Per
cent
ck
ru late
mow late
hand late
hand all
acc all
NS
c
a
bc bcbb
Herbaceous dicot cover: Duke ForestHerbaceous dicot cover: Duke Forest
020406080
100120140160
Year 2 Year 3
Per
cent
ckru latemow latehand latehand allacc all
a
b
c cc c
a
abababc
bc
c
Herbaceous dicot cover: Duke Forest – 2002 Herbaceous dicot cover: Duke Forest – 2002
0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
100%
ru late acc all
other (<20%)
false nettle
camphor weed
Am. burnweed
dogfennel
Herbaceous dicot cover: Duke Forest – 2003 Herbaceous dicot cover: Duke Forest – 2003
0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
100%
ru late acc all
other (<20%)
false nettle
camphor weed
Am. burnweed
dogfennel
Herbaceous dicot cover: Duke Forest – 2004 Herbaceous dicot cover: Duke Forest – 2004
0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
100%
ru late acc all
other (<20%)
false nettle
camphor weed
Am. burnweed
dogfennel
SummarySummaryJapanese stiltgrass
–All treatments effective control & seed bank reduction
Herbaceous dicots–Greater diversity in selective treatment
The future?The future? What will happen after we control Japanese stiltgrass? Will re-established plant communities be less
susceptible to invasion? Can we truly exhaust the
seed bank?
Questions?? Questions??