Post on 17-Apr-2018
MICROBIAL BIOFILMMICROBIAL BIOFILMLeiv Sigve Håvarstein
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I Biofilms: The social life of microorganismsIAN U
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Aggregates of microbial cells at interfaces-solid-liquidSITY O
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-solid-liquid-liquid-liquid-liquid-gaseous
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Planktonic bacteria
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Despite the discovery of microbial biofilms as far back as the 17th century, scientists have largely focused their attentions on the solitary, or planktonic, forms of microorganisms.
Bacterial biofilmBacterial biofilm
In nature, however, most microorganisms live together in large
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, , g g gcommunities attached to a surface.
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A biofilm consists of:-Bacteria, fungi, algaeE t ll l l
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-Extracellular polymers-Trapped organic molecules-Inorganic compoundsSCIEN
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Inorganic compounds
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Stages of biofilm development
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Step 1.Surface conditioning
Step 2.Adhesion of ”pioneer” bacteria.
Step 3.Glycocalyx or ‘slime’ formation
St 4 St 5
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Step 4.Secondary Colonizers
Step 5.Fully Functioning Biofilm:A cooperative "consortia" of species
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I In a mature biofilm extensive shedding of bacteria andIAN U
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In a mature biofilm extensive shedding of bacteria andmicrocolonies will take place
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Oil IndustryOil Industry
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Catheter related bloodstream infections
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BIOFILM
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NIH has estimated that 80%
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of all infections in hospitalized patients are due to biofilms.
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I Legionnaires’ disease IAN U
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Atlantic hotel 2001
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- 27 infected by Legionella pneumophila- 7 died
Disease spreads through aeorosolsgenerated by cooling towers, showers,fountains etc that harbors biofilm
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fountains etc. that harbors biofilm containing Legionella
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I Walkerton TragedyIAN U
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Walkerton Tragedy
W lk t O t i 2000
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Walkerton, Ontario - 2000
Population: 5000SCIENCES
Sick: 2500Dead: 7
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E. coli 0157:H7
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DETTE ERIAN
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www.umb.no 21E. coli 0157:H7 in biofilm
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I Biofilms are implicated in a wide range of petroleum processIAN U
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p g p pproblems, from the production field to the gas station storage tank.
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- In the process pipelines, biofilm activity develops slimes whichimpede filters and orifices.
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Understanding Microbiologically Influenced C i P bl
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Corrosion Problems:
Corrosion is influenced by the activities of bacteriaSITY OF LIFE
Corrosion is influenced by the activities of bacteria
Corrosion in steel pipes is common where sulfatesare present and bacterial growth are supported by SCIEN
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are present and bacterial growth are supported by the presence of an organic growth substate.
This is the typical situation in the oil industry
Corrosion Causes:Corrosion Causes:
Increased costs to replace failed equipment
Operational challenges and hazards
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Accelerated operating costs
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I From a oil refinery in DubaiIAN U
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Pitting corrosion
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corrosion
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I Corrosion:IAN U
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Pitting corrosion onPitting corrosion onstainless steel, anexample of microbiallydriven corrosion
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I Strategies to prevent biofilm formation depend on contextIAN U
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Medical (small scale)SITY OF LIFE
Chemical approaches: antibiotics, biocides etc.
Physical approaches: Use of acoustic energy ultrasound vibrationSCIENCES
Physical approaches: Use of acoustic energy, ultrasound, vibration,Piezo electric elements
Biological approaches: Lytic bacteriophages, interference with
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inter-bacterial signaling, interference with geneticprograms that control biofilm formation
Industrial (large scale)Chemical approaches: chlorine, ozone, ionization, hydrogen peroxide, various biocides
Physical approaches: choice of material that inhibits attachment, vibration, mechanical cleaning (e.g. high pressure flushing), UV
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Biological approaches: alteration of growth conditions?,
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Genomics of biofilm formation
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Signaling molecule
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Inhibitor
Interference with cell-cell communication:
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Interference with cell cell communication:Common strategy to combat biofilm associatedwith human disease.
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I Controlling biofilms with bacteriophagesIAN U
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I Methods for analysing microbial biofilms:IAN U
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Electron microscopySITY OF LIFE
Nanoscale imagingConfocal laser scanning microscopy
Epifluorescence microscopyAtomic force microscopy
SCIENCES Nanoscale analysis
Tip enhanced Raman spectroscopy
Mass spectroscopy
M l l t h iMicroarray analysis
Molecular techniques Whole genome sequencing
Fluorescent labeling techniques
Essential know how Microbial physiology and metabolism
Microbial genetics
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A national centre dedicated to research on biofilms
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The mission for a microbial biofilm centre wold be to advance the basic knowledge, technology, and education required to understand control and exploit biofilm processesSCIEN
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understand, control, and exploit biofilm processes.
-Research program
- Industry program
Ed ti- Education program
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