Mgt 4310Mgt 4310

Individual DifferencesIndividual Differences

Week 2Week 2

ObjectivesObjectives

Examine how individuals differ in the work Examine how individuals differ in the work placeplace

Explain the competing values frameworkExplain the competing values framework Examine why it is important to identify Examine why it is important to identify

your personal differences and to understand your personal differences and to understand how these differences may affect your how these differences may affect your employees or you as a manger. employees or you as a manger.

Our personal theories Our personal theories determine what we see and determine what we see and

how we acthow we act

Competing Values Framework of Competing Values Framework of LeadershipLeadership

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Human Relations Open Systems

Internal Process Rational Goal

Human Relations Model

Internal Process Model Rational Goal Model

Open Systems Model

Focus on employees-morale-needs-openness

Participative decision makingTraining

Focus on control systems-bureaucratic-tight rules-centralized control-documentation

Focus on productivity and efficiency- lots of planning-setting goals-competitiveness

Focus on change-growing the organization-innovation-being responsive

Competing Values Framework Competing Values Framework RolesRoles

Open-Systems Model

Cooperative,

Team-Oriented Style

Quinn'sRoles.

The Positive and Negative The Positive and Negative ZonesZones

Competing Values ModelCompeting Values Model

Greatest strength can be transformed Greatest strength can be transformed into the greatest weaknessinto the greatest weakness

Master managers analyze the Master managers analyze the situation and balance the competing situation and balance the competing values values

Personality DifferencesPersonality Differences

The Big 5:The Big 5:

– Extraversion: sociable, friendlyExtraversion: sociable, friendlyExtraverts versus introverts Extraverts versus introverts

– Neuroticism: experience negative affect, Neuroticism: experience negative affect, view the world negativelyview the world negatively

– Agreeableness – get along well with Agreeableness – get along well with othersothers

Personality DifferencesPersonality Differences

The Big 5:The Big 5:

– Conscientiousness: high self-discipline, Conscientiousness: high self-discipline, careful persevering careful persevering

– Open to Experience: broad range of Open to Experience: broad range of interests, will take risks, open to interests, will take risks, open to experienceexperience

Personality DifferencesPersonality Differences

Locus of ControlLocus of Control– Belief in one’s ability to control one’s Belief in one’s ability to control one’s

situation/lifesituation/life Internals versus ExternalsInternals versus Externals

Self-MonitoringSelf-Monitoring– The extent to which one is attuned to/or cares The extent to which one is attuned to/or cares

about how one presents one’s self to othersabout how one presents one’s self to others

Personality DifferencesPersonality Differences

Self-EsteemSelf-Esteem– Belief in ones abilities and self-worthBelief in ones abilities and self-worth

Type A and BType A and B– Type A’s highly competitive, have a Type A’s highly competitive, have a

strong sense of urgency, impatient and strong sense of urgency, impatient and hostilehostile

– Type B’s are more relaxedType B’s are more relaxed

Personality DifferencesPersonality Differences

McClelland’s NeedsMcClelland’s Needs

– N Ach – Enjoys challenging but not N Ach – Enjoys challenging but not unachievable tasks, likes to set goals and have unachievable tasks, likes to set goals and have clear feedback, likes to have control over clear feedback, likes to have control over outcomesoutcomes

– N Aff – Enjoys maintaining good relations with N Aff – Enjoys maintaining good relations with others, sensitive to others feelingsothers, sensitive to others feelings

– N Pow – Desires to exert influence over othersN Pow – Desires to exert influence over others

Personality DifferencesPersonality Differences

Skills and abilitiesSkills and abilities– Cognitive IntelligenceCognitive Intelligence– Physical AbilityPhysical Ability

Emotional Intelligence Emotional Intelligence – Understanding and managing one’s own Understanding and managing one’s own

and other’s emotionsand other’s emotions

TaskTask

Drawing on ideas from your pre-Drawing on ideas from your pre-meeting assignment, gather together meeting assignment, gather together a group of about 5 people and a group of about 5 people and develop a representative list of your develop a representative list of your perceptions of: perceptions of: – the qualities and skills essential to a the qualities and skills essential to a

manager’s success in today’s business manager’s success in today’s business worldworld. .