Post on 14-Jun-2020
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MAP-TELE
Methods ->
Information Sources ->
Information ResourcesInformation Resources
Ana Azevedo FEUP ana@fe.up.pt
January 18th
1. Theoretical approach:1. Contextual Information: Scientific Knowledge and Innovation2. Information Research Cycle and Research Cycle3. Literature Review4. Ethics 5. Scientometrics
Practical work :1. Resources Integrator2. References database
� Compendex e Inspec� Scopus� Dissertations and Thesis
3. Library Catalog
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3. Library Catalog � Scientometrics
� Citation analysis� Impact factor
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January 25th
1. Theoretical approach:Scientific Information Validation1. Scientific Information Validation
2. Information Management
2. Practical work :� Patents� Standards
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� Standards� Technical Reports� EndNote
Scientific Method
http://youtube.com/watch?v=3Iv70Fzxxjw
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The purpose of Science
http://youtube.com/watch?v=UyZCR2bp_Dw
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The motivation
� “SCIENCE, like many other topics, is much more � “SCIENCE, like many other topics, is much more interesting if it makes sense to you. I wrote this book because science is extraordinarily interesting to me, and I want to share that interest with other people.
Derry, Gregory – What Science is & How it works.
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Derry, Gregory – What Science is & How it works. Ewing, NJ : Princeton University Press, 1999, p. vii. E-book available at the site da Ebrary
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Research versus intelligence gathering
Phillips and Pug (2000):... More than answering the what questions.
Research goes beyond description and requires analysis. It looks for explanations, relationships, comparasions, predictions, generalizations and theories.
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generalizations and theories.
The backgroung
In order to acquire discernment we should exercise our � “In order to acquire discernment we should exercise our native intelligence by investigating what others have already discovered, and methodologically survey even the most insignificant products of human skill, especially those which display or presuppose order”. (Rule 10th from Descartes)
Achinstein, Peter, ed.lit. – Science Rules : A Historical
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Achinstein, Peter, ed.lit. – Science Rules : A Historical Introduction to Scientific Methods. Baltimore, Maryland : JHU Press, 2004, p. 60. Partly available at http://books.google.com/
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State of Art
� “Scientists discover the world that exists; engineers create the world � “Scientists discover the world that exists; engineers create the world that never was.“
Theodore von Karman
https://publicaffairs.llnl.gov/com/super_science_newsletter/2004/
“It has therefore been thought desirable to gather under one cover the
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“most important papers... In the present state of the art this is all that In the present state of the art this is all that can be donecan be done “
1910 H. H. SUPLEE Gas Turbine 6, cited by1955 Jrnl. R. Aeronaut. Soc. LIX. 471/1
Innovation
� “Discovery is a “success word”. When we say we � “Discovery is a “success word”. When we say we have discovered something, it means, for example, that the product of discovery is useful, that it solves a problem, explains some phenomena or that it is the lost object we have been looking for… From the epistemological point of view, discovery is a major vehicle for the growth of knowledge.”
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vehicle for the growth of knowledge.”Kantorovich, Aharon – Scientific Discovery: Logic and
Thinkering. New York : Suny, 1993, p. 11, 12. Partly available at http://books.google.com/
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The Myths of Innovation
http://youtube.com/watch?v=m6gaj6huCp0
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Open Innovation
The central idea behind open innovation is that in a world The central idea behind open innovation is that in a world of widely distributed knowledge, companies cannot afford to rely entirely on their own research, but should instead buy or license processes or inventions (i.e. patents) from other companies. In addition, internal inventions not being used in a firm's business should be taken outside the company (e.g., through licensing, joint
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taken outside the company (e.g., through licensing, joint ventures, spin-offs).
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Open_Innovation
Open Innovation
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Open Innovation
http://www.innovationtools.com/pdf/Innovation-2007-by-OVO.pdf
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What is a literature review?A literature review is an evaluative report of information found
in the literature related to your selected area of study. The review should describe, summarise, evaluate and clarify in the literature related to your selected area of study. The review should describe, summarise, evaluate and clarify this literature.
It should give a theoretical base for the research and help you (the author) determine the nature of your research. Works which are irrelevant should be discarded and those which are peripheral should be looked at critically.
A literature review is more than the search for information, and goes beyond being a descriptive annotated bibliography. All works included in the review must be read,
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and goes beyond being a descriptive annotated bibliography. All works included in the review must be read, evaluated and analysed (which you would do for an annotated bibliography), but relationships between the literature must also be identified and articulated, in relation to your field of research.
http://www.library.cqu.edu.au/tutorials/litreviewpages/
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Why do a literature review?� While the form of the literature review may vary with different types of
studies, the basic purposes remain constant. In general, the literature review should: review should:
� provide a context for the research � justify the research � ensure the research hasn't been done before (or if it is repeated, that it is
marked as a "replication study") � show where the research fits into the existing body of knowledge � enable the researcher to learn from previous theory on the subject � illustrate how the subject has been studied previously
highlight flaws in previous research
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� highlight flaws in previous research � outline gaps in previous research � show that the work is adding to the understanding and knowledge of the field � help refine, refocus or even change the topic
http://www.library.cqu.edu.au/tutorials/litreviewpages/
9 stages in developing a literature review
� Selecting the topic� Setting the topic in context� Setting the topic in context� Looking at information sources� Using information sources� Getting the information� Organising information (information management)� Positioning the literature review
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� Positioning the literature review� Writing the literature review
http://www.library.cqu.edu.au/tutorials/litreviewpages/
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Writing a Literature Review
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6Pir8Req--Q&feature=related
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Literature Review: web resources
http://www.library.cqu.edu.au/tutorials/litreviewpages/ages/
http://library.ucsc.edu/ref/howto/literaturereview.html
http://www.lc.unsw.edu.au/onlib/litrev.html
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Ethical issues
� Respect your data� Be careful with confidentiality� Don’t publish the same thing twice� Don’t publish the same thing twice� Acknowledge your errors� Support an ethical workplace� Respect the time of the others� Watch out for conflicts of interest� Be fair with your time and effort
Avoid the sin of omission
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� Avoid the sin of omission� Observe Intellectual Property
Davis, Martha – Scientific papers and presentations. London: Academic Press, 1997
Bibliografia
� Quivy, R. ; Campenhoudt, L. – Manual de investigação em ciências sociais. Lisboa: investigação em ciências sociais. Lisboa: Gradiva, 1998.
� Orna, E. ; Stevens, G. – Managing information for research. Buckingham: Open University Press, 1997.
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University Press, 1997.
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Bibliografia
� Phillips,E. ; Pugh, D. – How to get a PhD: a handbook for students and their supervisors. 3rd ed. handbook for students and their supervisors. 3rd ed. Philadelphia: Open University Press, 2000.
� Bell, J. – Doing your research project. Buckingham: Open University Press, 2000.
� Committee on Science, Engineering, and Public Policy – On being a scientist. Washington DC:
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Policy – On being a scientist. Washington DC: National Academy, 1998
Engineering activity’s Information behaviourversusScientific activity’s Information behaviour
� Scientists use information to produce informationinformation
input verbal � output verbal
� Engineers use information to develop a product that contains information embedded
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product that contains information embeddedinput verbal � output objectivado
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Engineer Information behavior
� Scientific activity looks for theories
� Technological activities looks for solutions
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Engineering activity’s Information behaviourversusScientific activity’s Information behaviour
Users Needs Channels Users Needs Channels Engineering activity
Quick ansewer Oriented for a goal Problem solution Limited information
Gatekeepers Network Non-published documents Comercial information Informal Channels
Scientific UpToDate Scientific Journals
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Scientific activity
UpToDate Full coverage Universality Knowledge Boundaries
Scientific Journals Invisible Academy Confrences Published documents Informal and Formal Channels
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Primary Information Sources
� Scientific Journal� Theses� Books� Technical Reports� Conference Papers
Patents
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� Patents
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Scientific Journal
� Full paper� Short paper� Preliminary� Reviews� Book reviews
Comments
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� Comments� Announcements
Journals
� Academic
� Professional
� Commercial
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Conferences
� Updated information� Devoted to a peculiar area.� Proceedings can publish all papers or only a
selection
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Conferências
Onde pesquisar?� Conference Papers Index� Directory of Published Proceedings� Index to Scientific & Technical Proceedings
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Thesis and Dissertations
� Provide original and validates research outputs
� Contain a literature review
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Contain a literature review
Technical Reports
� Contain information related to experimental research.research.
� Are crucial documents for technological transfer.
� Written according to BS4811
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� Written according to BS4811
� Identified trough an alphanumeric code
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Standards
� Specifications approved by standardization organizationsorganizations
� Identified through an alphanumeric code
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Standards
� ISOIEC International Electrotechnical � IEC International Electrotechnical Commission
� ISO/IEC� CEN - European Committee for
Standardization inclui EFTA (European Free Trade Association) e a CENELEC (European
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Trade Association) e a CENELEC (European Committee for Electrotechnical Standards)
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Normas
� ANSI - American Standards Institute� ASTM / ASME
� BSI - British Standards Institut� AFNOR - Association Française de
Normalization� DIN - Deutsches Institut fur Normung
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� DIN - Deutsches Institut fur Normung� IPQ – Portuguese Standards Organization
Patents
� Invention outputs that have industrial applicationapplication
� Description includes important technical information
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� Important sources for tracking iechnologial innovation
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Reviews
� Advances in Applied Mechanics� Advances in Chemical Engineering� Advances in Computer� Annual Review of Fluids Mechanics� Annual Review of Materials Science
Progress in Construction Science
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� Progress in Construction Science� Recent Advances in Engineering Science
Reference material
� Guides - Guide to Materials Engineering Data InformationInformation
� Encyclopedias - The McGraw-Hill Encyclopedia of Science and Technology / Encyclopedia of Materials Science and Engineering
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Engineering� Dictionaries - Industrial Engineering
Terminology
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Reference material
� Handbooks - Bolz and Tuve / Kutz / Perry’s� Directories - Dawson top 3000 Directories /
European Sources of Scientific and Technical Information /Directory of EEC information sources
� Biographic information - Who’s Who in
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� Biographic information - Who’s Who in Science and Engineering
Bibliographic Information database searching
� Record Structure� Indexing processes
� Word / Phrase
� Commands� Operators
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� Operators� Sintax
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Estrutura do registo
� Base de referência� Base de texto integral� Directório� Base de dados numéricos
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Operadores
� Logical: AND / OR / NOT� Adjacency: Near� Inclusion: With� Limit: IN� Stem: $
Wild card: ?
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� Wild card: ?
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Commands
� Find / SearchShow� Show
� Mark � Print / Download / email� Sort� Change database
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� Save history� SDI� Exit