Post on 23-Dec-2015
Metabolic Energy for Metabolic Energy for Dummies:Dummies:
A quick look at A quick look at Cellular Metabolism Cellular Metabolism
(Energetics)(Energetics)
By Richard BelicekBy Richard Belicek
IntroductionIntroduction::
This presentation will cover the This presentation will cover the general steps that nutrient general steps that nutrient sources take to be utilized by sources take to be utilized by the the bodybody and how energy is and how energy is created through metabolism.created through metabolism.
What is Metabolism?What is Metabolism?metabolismmetabolism defined:defined: the total chemical the total chemicalactivity and flow of resources that occurs activity and flow of resources that occurs within an organism’s boundary. within an organism’s boundary.
Where does it start?Where does it start?
Nutrient sources from food.Nutrient sources from food.
Foods such as steak, pizza, salad, Foods such as steak, pizza, salad, ice cream and chocolate are broken ice cream and chocolate are broken down into these MACROMOLECULES:down into these MACROMOLECULES:
ProteinsProteins
FatsFats
CarbohydratesCarbohydrates
Macromolecules to Macromolecules to Simple SubunitsSimple Subunits
Proteins = Amino AcidsProteins = Amino Acids
Fats = Fatty Acids and GlycerolFats = Fatty Acids and Glycerol
Carbohydrates = Simple SugarsCarbohydrates = Simple Sugars
Subunits follow Subunits follow metabolic pathwaysmetabolic pathways
Amino Acids Amino Acids >Protein catabolism = Acetyl CoA >Protein catabolism = Acetyl CoA >Gluconeogenesis = Pyruvate>Gluconeogenesis = Pyruvate
Fatty Acids and GlycerolFatty Acids and Glycerol>Oxidation = Acetyl CoA>Oxidation = Acetyl CoA >Gluconeogenesis = Pyruvate>Gluconeogenesis = Pyruvate
Simple Sugars (Glucose)Simple Sugars (Glucose) >Glycolysis >Glycolysis =Pyruvate=Pyruvate
GlycolysisGlycolysis
The sequence of rxns The sequence of rxns that convert glucose that convert glucose into pyruvate into pyruvate
GlycolysisGlycolysis
Occurs in the Cytoplasm Occurs in the Cytoplasm
Aerobic or Anaerobic Aerobic or Anaerobic
Glucose enters the glycolytic Glucose enters the glycolytic pathwaypathway
ATP: gross= 4, net= 2ATP: gross= 4, net= 2
NAD = 2 NADH, transported to the NAD = 2 NADH, transported to the Electron Transport Chain (ETC)Electron Transport Chain (ETC)
The Krebs CycleThe Krebs Cycle
aka:aka:
Tricarboxcyclic Acid Tricarboxcyclic Acid Cycle or Cycle or
Citric Acid Cycle.Citric Acid Cycle.
Krebs CycleKrebs Cycle
Pyruvate enters cycle Pyruvate enters cycle
2 cycles per Pyruvate molecule2 cycles per Pyruvate molecule
1 ATP is produced per cycle1 ATP is produced per cycleNAD and FAD = 6 NADH and 2 FADHNAD and FAD = 6 NADH and 2 FADH22
NADH and FADHNADH and FADH22 are transported to are transported to the (ETC)the (ETC)
Electron Transport ChainElectron Transport Chain
Electron Transport ChainElectron Transport Chain
Occurs in the Cristea of the Occurs in the Cristea of the mitochondriamitochondria
NADH and FADHNADH and FADH22 are oxidized are oxidized
Hydrogen and electrons are carried Hydrogen and electrons are carried along chain transfer energyalong chain transfer energy
Electrochemical gradient = ATP Electrochemical gradient = ATP
OO22 final acceptor = H final acceptor = H22OO
Electron Transport ChainElectron Transport Chain
(1 NADH(1 NADH = 3 ATP, 1 FADH= 3 ATP, 1 FADH22 = 2 ATP) = 2 ATP)
Krebs Cycle = 8 NADH = 24 ATP Krebs Cycle = 8 NADH = 24 ATP
= 2 FADH= 2 FADH22 = 4 ATP = 4 ATP
For glycolysis (1 NADH= 2 For glycolysis (1 NADH= 2 ATP) ATP)
Glycolysis = 2NADH = 4 ATPGlycolysis = 2NADH = 4 ATP
Overview:Overview:
Summary Summary
Glycolysis Glycolysis
Krebs CycleKrebs Cycle
Electron Transport ChainElectron Transport Chain
Total ATP = 36 netTotal ATP = 36 net
NONO
Questions, Thank you.
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Thank you Thank you
Have a good break!!Have a good break!!