Mental Health Nursing IMental Health Nursing INURS 1300NURS 1300

Unit IIIUnit IIIDevelopmental Stages Developmental Stages

Throughout the Life SpanThroughout the Life Span

Objective 1Review concepts specific to health

and development

Health level of functional and metabolic

efficiency ability to respond efficiently to

stressors effective restoration and sustenance

of homeostasis

Objective 1 (cont’d) Growth

measurement of increase in physical dimensions

Development behavioral changes increasing competency in functional

abilities and skills Maturation

biological plan for growth and development

Objective 2

Review Erikson’s 8 stages of development and describe how mastery of each task relates to

one’s self-concept

Stage 1 – Trust vs. Mistrust

Birth to 18 months

Develop a sense of trust in others

Stage 2 – Autonomy vs. Shame and Doubt

18 months to 3 years

Learn self-control

Stage 3 – Initiative vs. Guilt

3 to 6 years

Initiate spontaneous activities

Stage 4 – Industry vs. Inferiority

6 to 12 years

Develop necessary social skills

Stage 5 – Identity vs. Role Confusion

12 to 20 years

Integrate childhood experiences into a personal identity

Stage 6 – Intimacy vs. Isolation

18 to 25 years

Develop commitments to others and to a career

Stage 7 – Generativity vs. Stagnation

21 to 45 years

Establish a family and become productive

Stage 8 – Integrity vs. Despair

45+ years

View one’s life as meaningful and fulfilling

Objective 3

Describe the major developmental characteristics and concerns of

each of the 8 stages

Stage 1

Characteristics social attachment maturation of sensory, perceptual,

and motor functions Concerns

may develop emotional dissatisfaction with self and others, suspiciousness, and difficulty with interpersonal relationships if one fails to master this stage of development

Stage 2

Characteristics self-control language development fantasy play

Concerns failure to master this task may result

in lack of self-confidence, lack of pride in the ability to perform, a sense of being controlled by others, and rage against self

Stage 3

Characteristics early moral development self-esteem group play egocentrism

Concerns feelings of inadequacy and guilt accepting of liability in situations for

which individual is not responsible

Stage 4

Characteristics friendship skill learning self-evaluation team play

Concerns difficulty in interpersonal

relationships caused by feelings of inadequacy

Stage 5

Characteristics physical maturation emotional development membership in peer group sexual relationships

Concerns failure results in self-consciousness,

doubt, and confusion about one’s role in life

Stage 6 Characteristics

stable relationships childbearing work

Concerns withdrawal social isolation aloneness inability to form lasting, intimate

relationships

Stage 7

Characteristics nurturing of close relationships management of career and household parenting

Concerns may develop a lack of concern for the

welfare of others and total preoccupation with the self if one fails to master this task

Stage 8

Characteristics promote intellectual vigor redirect energy to new roles and

activities develop a point-of-view about death

Concerns failure may result in self-contempt

and disgust with how life has progressed

Objective 4

Describe the basic human needs in each level of Maslow’s

Hierarchy of Needs

Objective 5List factors which influence the

client’s ability to meet physiological and safety needs

Age Cultural beliefs Spirituality Self-concept Family and community resources Emotional responses to illness

Objective 6

Describe nursing measures that will assist the client in meeting physiological and safety needs

Nursing diagnoses for clients’ physiological needs:

Ineffective airway clearance Sleep pattern disturbance Impaired skin integrity Fluid volume deficit Pain Impaired mobility

Nursing diagnoses for clients’ safety needs:

Risk for falls Risk for injury Risk for infection Anxiety or fear Memory impairment Confusion

Objective 7Discuss priority needs of the client

Lower needs on Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs require fulfillment before those at higher levels can be achieved

The basic needs for human functioning are the physiological needs, and safety and security needs

Objective 8Relate how self-esteem can affect

the hospitalized individual

Hospitalization takes away locus of control, highly impacting self-esteem