Mental Health

Normal Emotional Responses

Behavior Mental healthMental illness

Historical Overview

Possession by evil spiritsShaman or medicine men Greco-Roman eraHippocrates & Humoral Theory

                         

Dark AgesBedlam17-18 century                                  

1731 America                                                  

                                                               

1773: 1st psychiatric hospital

Linda Richards Committee for Mental Hygiene

ECT/Insulin shockFrontal lobotomy

1940’s1950’sDeinstitutionalizationOBRA21st Century

Factors Affecting Mental Health

HeredityChildhood nurturingLife’s circumstancesPositive influencesNegative influences

Mental Health Continuum

Illness sideMidpoint sideWellness side

Personality and Self-concept

Personality Erik EriksonSigmund Freud

Freud’s Structural Theory Of Personality

Id - pleasure principleEgo - reality principleSuperego - conscience

Self-Concept

Personal identityBody imageRoleSelf-esteem

Stress / StressorSubjective feeling of tension (stress)

Environmental events (stressor)

Anxiety

What is it??LevelsWhat influences anxiety?

Events that may cause anxiety are?

Coping Way the mind responds to awareness's that are challenging or threatening

Effective vs. Ineffective Coping

Ineffective coping mechanisms are major cause of mental disorders

Resources For Effective Coping

Good problem solving ability

Prior experienceAdequate knowledge about cause of stressor

Available supportAdequate sleep, nutrition and physical hygiene

AdaptationProcess of coping effectively with one’s social environment

Defense Mechanisms

Unconscious processActivated when conscious coping mechanisms unable to manage anxiety

Increase sense of security

Protect the self esteem

Assist in solving emotional dilemmas

Types of Defense Mechanisms

Defense Mechanisms Collaborative Assignment

Work in groups and discuss situations where each Defense Mechanism may be used by patients.

Defense Mechanism Class Assignment

Provide an example for the Defense Mechanisms assigned to your group.

Discuss possible nursing interventions which may be applicable.

ILLNESS

What is “illness” ??How does it affect mental health??

What are common behaviors with illness?

Crisis

What is it??What are “secondary gains” of illness?

What is “an identity crisis?

How can we help?

PUT YOUR THINKING CAP ON….

What elements would you observe when assessing your patient’s emotional status???