1

Mendelian GeneticsAn Overview

Vocabulary• Character –heritable feature• Trait – each variant for a character• True-breeding – plants that self-pollinate all

offspring are the same variety• Monohybrid cross – a cross that tracks the

inheritance of a single character• P generation – (parental) true-breeding• F1- (first filial) offspring of P generation• F2 – (second filial) offspring from F1 cross

Vocabulary (continued)• Allele- alternate version of a gene• Dominate allele – expressed in the heterozygote• Recessive allele – not expressed in the heterozygote• Homozygote – pair of identical alleles for a

character– Homozygous dominant- BB– Homozygous recessive - bb

• Heterozygote – two different alleles for a character (Bb)

• Genotype – genetic makeup• Phenotype – appearance of an organism

Law of Segregation - the two alleles for each character segregate during gamete

production

2

Law of Independent Assortment – Each set of alleles segregates independently

Test cross – designed to reveal the genotype of an organism

Mendelian Inheritance and Rules of Probability

• Rule of Multiplication

• Rule of Addition

Incomplete Dominance Codominance

3

Multiple Alleles Pleiotropy

EpistasisEpistasisPolygenetic Inheritance

Technology

And

Genetic testing

Carrier

Recognition

1

Mendelian GeneticsAn Overview

Vocabulary• Character –heritable feature• Trait – each variant for a character• True-breeding – plants that self-pollinate all

offspring are the same variety• Monohybrid cross – a cross that tracks the

inheritance of a single character• P generation – (parental) true-breeding• F1- (first filial) offspring of P generation• F2 – (second filial) offspring from F1 cross

Vocabulary (continued)• Allele- alternate version of a gene• Dominate allele – expressed in the heterozygote• Recessive allele – not expressed in the heterozygote• Homozygote – pair of identical alleles for a

character– Homozygous dominant- BB– Homozygous recessive - bb

• Heterozygote – two different alleles for a character (Bb)

• Genotype – genetic makeup• Phenotype – appearance of an organism

Law of Segregation - the two alleles for each character segregate during gamete

production

2

Law of Independent Assortment – Each set of alleles segregates independently

Test cross – designed to reveal the genotype of an organism

Mendelian Inheritance and Rules of Probability

• Rule of Multiplication

• Rule of Addition

Incomplete Dominance Codominance

3

Multiple Alleles Pleiotropy

EpistasisEpistasisPolygenetic Inheritance

Technology

And

Genetic testing

Carrier

Recognition

1

Mendelian GeneticsAn Overview

Vocabulary• Character –heritable feature• Trait – each variant for a character• True-breeding – plants that self-pollinate all

offspring are the same variety• Monohybrid cross – a cross that tracks the

inheritance of a single character• P generation – (parental) true-breeding• F1- (first filial) offspring of P generation• F2 – (second filial) offspring from F1 cross

Vocabulary (continued)• Allele- alternate version of a gene• Dominate allele – expressed in the heterozygote• Recessive allele – not expressed in the heterozygote• Homozygote – pair of identical alleles for a

character– Homozygous dominant- BB– Homozygous recessive - bb

• Heterozygote – two different alleles for a character (Bb)

• Genotype – genetic makeup• Phenotype – appearance of an organism

Law of Segregation - the two alleles for each character segregate during gamete

production

2

Law of Independent Assortment – Each set of alleles segregates independently

Test cross – designed to reveal the genotype of an organism

Mendelian Inheritance and Rules of Probability

• Rule of Multiplication

• Rule of Addition

Incomplete Dominance Codominance

3

Multiple Alleles Pleiotropy

EpistasisEpistasisPolygenetic Inheritance

Technology

And

Genetic testing

Carrier

Recognition

1

Mendelian GeneticsAn Overview

Vocabulary• Character –heritable feature• Trait – each variant for a character• True-breeding – plants that self-pollinate all

offspring are the same variety• Monohybrid cross – a cross that tracks the

inheritance of a single character• P generation – (parental) true-breeding• F1- (first filial) offspring of P generation• F2 – (second filial) offspring from F1 cross

Vocabulary (continued)• Allele- alternate version of a gene• Dominate allele – expressed in the heterozygote• Recessive allele – not expressed in the heterozygote• Homozygote – pair of identical alleles for a

character– Homozygous dominant- BB– Homozygous recessive - bb

• Heterozygote – two different alleles for a character (Bb)

• Genotype – genetic makeup• Phenotype – appearance of an organism

Law of Segregation - the two alleles for each character segregate during gamete

production

2

Law of Independent Assortment – Each set of alleles segregates independently

Test cross – designed to reveal the genotype of an organism

Mendelian Inheritance and Rules of Probability

• Rule of Multiplication

• Rule of Addition

Incomplete Dominance Codominance

3

Multiple Alleles Pleiotropy

EpistasisEpistasisPolygenetic Inheritance

Technology

And

Genetic testing

Carrier

Recognition

1

Mendelian GeneticsAn Overview

Vocabulary• Character –heritable feature• Trait – each variant for a character• True-breeding – plants that self-pollinate all

offspring are the same variety• Monohybrid cross – a cross that tracks the

inheritance of a single character• P generation – (parental) true-breeding• F1- (first filial) offspring of P generation• F2 – (second filial) offspring from F1 cross

Vocabulary (continued)• Allele- alternate version of a gene• Dominate allele – expressed in the heterozygote• Recessive allele – not expressed in the heterozygote• Homozygote – pair of identical alleles for a

character– Homozygous dominant- BB– Homozygous recessive - bb

• Heterozygote – two different alleles for a character (Bb)

• Genotype – genetic makeup• Phenotype – appearance of an organism

Law of Segregation - the two alleles for each character segregate during gamete

production

2

Law of Independent Assortment – Each set of alleles segregates independently

Test cross – designed to reveal the genotype of an organism

Mendelian Inheritance and Rules of Probability

• Rule of Multiplication

• Rule of Addition

Incomplete Dominance Codominance

3

Multiple Alleles Pleiotropy

EpistasisEpistasisPolygenetic Inheritance

Technology

And

Genetic testing

Carrier

Recognition

1

Mendelian GeneticsAn Overview

Vocabulary• Character –heritable feature• Trait – each variant for a character• True-breeding – plants that self-pollinate all

offspring are the same variety• Monohybrid cross – a cross that tracks the

inheritance of a single character• P generation – (parental) true-breeding• F1- (first filial) offspring of P generation• F2 – (second filial) offspring from F1 cross

Vocabulary (continued)• Allele- alternate version of a gene• Dominate allele – expressed in the heterozygote• Recessive allele – not expressed in the heterozygote• Homozygote – pair of identical alleles for a

character– Homozygous dominant- BB– Homozygous recessive - bb

• Heterozygote – two different alleles for a character (Bb)

• Genotype – genetic makeup• Phenotype – appearance of an organism

Law of Segregation - the two alleles for each character segregate during gamete

production

2

Law of Independent Assortment – Each set of alleles segregates independently

Test cross – designed to reveal the genotype of an organism

Mendelian Inheritance and Rules of Probability

• Rule of Multiplication

• Rule of Addition

Incomplete Dominance Codominance

3

Multiple Alleles Pleiotropy

EpistasisEpistasisPolygenetic Inheritance

Technology

And

Genetic testing

Carrier

Recognition

1

Mendelian GeneticsAn Overview

Vocabulary• Character –heritable feature• Trait – each variant for a character• True-breeding – plants that self-pollinate all

offspring are the same variety• Monohybrid cross – a cross that tracks the

inheritance of a single character• P generation – (parental) true-breeding• F1- (first filial) offspring of P generation• F2 – (second filial) offspring from F1 cross

Vocabulary (continued)• Allele- alternate version of a gene• Dominate allele – expressed in the heterozygote• Recessive allele – not expressed in the heterozygote• Homozygote – pair of identical alleles for a

character– Homozygous dominant- BB– Homozygous recessive - bb

• Heterozygote – two different alleles for a character (Bb)

• Genotype – genetic makeup• Phenotype – appearance of an organism

Law of Segregation - the two alleles for each character segregate during gamete

production

2

Law of Independent Assortment – Each set of alleles segregates independently

Test cross – designed to reveal the genotype of an organism

Mendelian Inheritance and Rules of Probability

• Rule of Multiplication

• Rule of Addition

Incomplete Dominance Codominance

3

Multiple Alleles Pleiotropy

EpistasisEpistasisPolygenetic Inheritance

Technology

And

Genetic testing

Carrier

Recognition

1

Mendelian GeneticsAn Overview

Vocabulary• Character –heritable feature• Trait – each variant for a character• True-breeding – plants that self-pollinate all

offspring are the same variety• Monohybrid cross – a cross that tracks the

inheritance of a single character• P generation – (parental) true-breeding• F1- (first filial) offspring of P generation• F2 – (second filial) offspring from F1 cross

Vocabulary (continued)• Allele- alternate version of a gene• Dominate allele – expressed in the heterozygote• Recessive allele – not expressed in the heterozygote• Homozygote – pair of identical alleles for a

character– Homozygous dominant- BB– Homozygous recessive - bb

• Heterozygote – two different alleles for a character (Bb)

• Genotype – genetic makeup• Phenotype – appearance of an organism

Law of Segregation - the two alleles for each character segregate during gamete

production

2

Law of Independent Assortment – Each set of alleles segregates independently

Test cross – designed to reveal the genotype of an organism

Mendelian Inheritance and Rules of Probability

• Rule of Multiplication

• Rule of Addition

Incomplete Dominance Codominance

3

Multiple Alleles Pleiotropy

EpistasisEpistasisPolygenetic Inheritance

Technology

And

Genetic testing

Carrier

Recognition

1

Mendelian GeneticsAn Overview

Vocabulary• Character –heritable feature• Trait – each variant for a character• True-breeding – plants that self-pollinate all

offspring are the same variety• Monohybrid cross – a cross that tracks the

inheritance of a single character• P generation – (parental) true-breeding• F1- (first filial) offspring of P generation• F2 – (second filial) offspring from F1 cross

Vocabulary (continued)• Allele- alternate version of a gene• Dominate allele – expressed in the heterozygote• Recessive allele – not expressed in the heterozygote• Homozygote – pair of identical alleles for a

character– Homozygous dominant- BB– Homozygous recessive - bb

• Heterozygote – two different alleles for a character (Bb)

• Genotype – genetic makeup• Phenotype – appearance of an organism

Law of Segregation - the two alleles for each character segregate during gamete

production

2

Law of Independent Assortment – Each set of alleles segregates independently

Test cross – designed to reveal the genotype of an organism

Mendelian Inheritance and Rules of Probability

• Rule of Multiplication

• Rule of Addition

Incomplete Dominance Codominance

3

Multiple Alleles Pleiotropy

EpistasisEpistasisPolygenetic Inheritance

Technology

And

Genetic testing

Carrier

Recognition

1

Mendelian GeneticsAn Overview

Vocabulary• Character –heritable feature• Trait – each variant for a character• True-breeding – plants that self-pollinate all

offspring are the same variety• Monohybrid cross – a cross that tracks the

inheritance of a single character• P generation – (parental) true-breeding• F1- (first filial) offspring of P generation• F2 – (second filial) offspring from F1 cross

Vocabulary (continued)• Allele- alternate version of a gene• Dominate allele – expressed in the heterozygote• Recessive allele – not expressed in the heterozygote• Homozygote – pair of identical alleles for a

character– Homozygous dominant- BB– Homozygous recessive - bb

• Heterozygote – two different alleles for a character (Bb)

• Genotype – genetic makeup• Phenotype – appearance of an organism

Law of Segregation - the two alleles for each character segregate during gamete

production

2

Law of Independent Assortment – Each set of alleles segregates independently

Test cross – designed to reveal the genotype of an organism

Mendelian Inheritance and Rules of Probability

• Rule of Multiplication

• Rule of Addition

Incomplete Dominance Codominance

3

Multiple Alleles Pleiotropy

EpistasisEpistasisPolygenetic Inheritance

Technology

And

Genetic testing

Carrier

Recognition

1

Mendelian GeneticsAn Overview

Vocabulary• Character –heritable feature• Trait – each variant for a character• True-breeding – plants that self-pollinate all

offspring are the same variety• Monohybrid cross – a cross that tracks the

inheritance of a single character• P generation – (parental) true-breeding• F1- (first filial) offspring of P generation• F2 – (second filial) offspring from F1 cross

Vocabulary (continued)• Allele- alternate version of a gene• Dominate allele – expressed in the heterozygote• Recessive allele – not expressed in the heterozygote• Homozygote – pair of identical alleles for a

character– Homozygous dominant- BB– Homozygous recessive - bb

• Heterozygote – two different alleles for a character (Bb)

• Genotype – genetic makeup• Phenotype – appearance of an organism

Law of Segregation - the two alleles for each character segregate during gamete

production

2

Law of Independent Assortment – Each set of alleles segregates independently

Test cross – designed to reveal the genotype of an organism

Mendelian Inheritance and Rules of Probability

• Rule of Multiplication

• Rule of Addition

Incomplete Dominance Codominance

3

Multiple Alleles Pleiotropy

EpistasisEpistasisPolygenetic Inheritance

Technology

And

Genetic testing

Carrier

Recognition

1

Mendelian GeneticsAn Overview

Vocabulary• Character –heritable feature• Trait – each variant for a character• True-breeding – plants that self-pollinate all

offspring are the same variety• Monohybrid cross – a cross that tracks the

inheritance of a single character• P generation – (parental) true-breeding• F1- (first filial) offspring of P generation• F2 – (second filial) offspring from F1 cross

Vocabulary (continued)• Allele- alternate version of a gene• Dominate allele – expressed in the heterozygote• Recessive allele – not expressed in the heterozygote• Homozygote – pair of identical alleles for a

character– Homozygous dominant- BB– Homozygous recessive - bb

• Heterozygote – two different alleles for a character (Bb)

• Genotype – genetic makeup• Phenotype – appearance of an organism

Law of Segregation - the two alleles for each character segregate during gamete

production

2

Law of Independent Assortment – Each set of alleles segregates independently

Test cross – designed to reveal the genotype of an organism

Mendelian Inheritance and Rules of Probability

• Rule of Multiplication

• Rule of Addition

Incomplete Dominance Codominance

3

Multiple Alleles Pleiotropy

EpistasisEpistasisPolygenetic Inheritance

Technology

And

Genetic testing

Carrier

Recognition