Post on 07-Apr-2022
Meet ADAS Design Challenges
Eric Sun, TTS Maxim Integrated
Jun. 12, 2019
Agenda
1 ADAS Overview
2 Gigabit Multimedia Serial Links (GMSL) for ADAS
3 Power Management for ADAS
| Maxim Integrated 2
Agenda
1 ADAS Overview
2 Gigabit Multimedia Serial Links (GMSL) for ADAS
3 Power Management for ADAS
| Maxim Integrated 3
ADAS Overview
| Maxim Integrated 4
ADAS Block Diagram
| Maxim Integrated 5
Agenda
1 ADAS Overview
2 Gigabit Multimedia Serial Links (GMSL) for ADAS
3 Power Management for ADAS
| Maxim Integrated 6
Why GMSL?
| Maxim Integrated7
Growth of Camera Applications is Driving Number of Video Links
• Rear view camera now standard is US
• Surround view, for parking and lane departure
• Adaptive cruise control and preemptive braking
• Pedestrian and road sign (speed limit) detection
• IR camera
• Side mirror replacement
• Blind spot warning
• Accident recording
• Driver and passenger monitoring
> Seat belt detection
> Air bag deployment control
> Sleepy driver
> Electric door safety
• Driverless cars| Maxim Integrated 8
FrontBack 1 3
2
4
CAR
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
Camera Technology Requirements
• Bandwidth
• Latency
• Reliably
• Power Consumption
• Cost
• Image Quality
| Maxim Integrated9
More LCD Displays and HUD are Additional Drivers
• Center display (HVAC controls) in addition to navigation/radio
• LCD instrument cluster display (ICD)
• Side mirror replacement screens
• All of the above in a panelized display across the whole dashboard
• HUD for night vision, speedometer and side mirror replacement
| Maxim Integrated10
Why Do You Need SerDes?
• Video is up to 24 bit data
• Many parallel signals uses many wires> Expensive> Heavy> More EMI since edges radiate> Gets more difficult to route boards and control cable skew as speed goes up
| Maxim Integrated11
Typical Application in Automotive
| Maxim Integrated 12
HU mainboard
Cluster
Camera
9276
Rear View
CSI-2
LVCMOS
3Gcoax
9276
9275
LVCMOS 3Gcoax
LVCMOS
9278
3Gcoax
oLDI CIDDual-View
CSI-29275
9277 oLDI 3G
coax
RSEDisplay
RSE
9277
9277RSE
Display
Consumer A/V
Interface Box
9278 3Gcoax
9278
9278 1.5Gcoax
3Gcoax
oLDI
oLDI
MOST
IPnetwork
MOST IP
network
LVCMOS
Maxim GMSL SerDes
SoCProcessor 9277
96706
96705
GMSL Basic Architecture
• Forward video and reverse channel co-exist on the same link
• Bus-width (30-bit or 40-bit) Pixel clock varies from up to 104MHz, data rates up to 3.12Gbps
• IO available for dedicated I2S audio channel
• Full-duplex with reverse control channel data rate up to 1Mbps
Int
| Maxim Integrated 13
GMSL Video Channel & Control Channel
| Maxim Integrated 14
Frame Structure: RGB666
| Maxim Integrated 15
18-bit video (RGB666) + 3 control bits (HS, VS, DE) + 3 overhead bits) + 8B/10B = 30
8B/10B Coding
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• All data is scrambled (x43-1) before 8B/10B coding
• Scrambling gets rid of patterns that would cause EMI
• 8B/10B ensures dc balance and guarantees only 5 bits or less of consecutive 1’s or 0’s, which helps receiver
Frame Structure: RGB888
| Maxim Integrated 17
24-bit video (RGB888) + 2 aux bits + 3 control bits (HS, VS, DE) + 3 overhead bits) + 8B/10B = 40
How to Calculate Required PCLK from Resolution
• Start with image size
• Multiply by frame rate (typically 30fps for cameras, 60 fps for displays)
• Multiply by 1.25. This is the typical amount of vertical and horizontal blanking. 1.2 to 1.5 is normal range.
• This is the required PCLK
• Do you need 30 or 40-bit frames
• Will the device work
| Maxim Integrated 18
1920 x 720 x 60fps is the most popular size for instrument clusters with designs starting now.1920 x 720 x 1.25 x 60 = 104MHz!For 6-bit color, 30-bit frame. For 8-bit color 30-bit High Bandwidth Mode on 3.125Gbit/s part
GMSL Control Channel
• Up to 1Mbit/s UART, 400kbit/s I2C (coding)
• UART or I2C (and this is the most popular mode)> Software selectable devices address> Address translation> Build-in timeouts and auto-ACK> Retransmission option on some camera parts
• Used for > Touch screen control> Backlight adjust> Camera sensor programming
• Control Channel may have multiple uses> INT and data for touch screens> Frame Sync for Multi cameras
| Maxim Integrated 19
GMSL Technical Advantages
| Maxim Integrated 20
GMSL SerDes Advantages Performance and Features
• All DR parts are compatible with STP and Coax cables
• All GMSL parts are compatible with each other
• One single coax cable for (Video + Audio + Control Channel + Power)
• Provides exceptional link performance for more than 15 meters at full speed with margin
• Extensive diagnostic features like Line Fault, Decoding Error Counter and PRBS Test support development and facilitate maintenance
• Includes several link quality improvement features (amplitude adjustment, programmable Pre/De-Emphasis and programmable equalization)
• SERDES Family with parallel , LVDS (oLDI) , CSI-2 interfaces allow applications with mixed I/O types for design flexibility
• Defined and controlled Spread Spectrum on the link reduces EMI
• Integrated Jitter Filter on the transmit side eliminates both parallel output clock jitter and improves receiver performance
| Maxim Integrated 21
Diagnostics
• Main status monitors are available on pins as well as registers for fast/visual indication
• Lock detection pin and register indicates deserializer has synchronized to serializer data stream
• CRC, parity and coding error pin and register with programmable detection limits
• Programmable PRBS test duration and error threshold settings
• Eye width detection(some parts only)
| Maxim Integrated 22
Line-fault Detection
• In automotive, signal entering the wiring harness must sustain a faulty condition without damage
• line-fault detection circuit protects AC-coupled Link short-to-battery or short-to-ground or open
• GMSL SerDes have registers that detects the line-fault type
| Maxim Integrated 23
MAX9259
Crossbar Switch(MAX967XX only)
| Maxim Integrated 24
Without Crossbar With Crossbar
Input Clock Jitter Filter Increases Link Margin
• SoC or on-board oscillator provides the input pixel clock
• Ser Jitter Filter PLL cleans up jitter on the input clock, increase link reliability
• Programmable narrow-band jitter filtering PLL attenuate out of PLL’s BW (i.e. <100kHz)
MAX9275
| Maxim Integrated 25
(deserializer independently programmable for up to +/- 4% spread output)
Spread-Spectrum Serial Output
• SSC varies the period of the clock signal to spread the energy, lower EMI
• Programmable registers at both ends of link
| Maxim Integrated 26
Up to 14 dB Programmable Pre-emphasis levels Up to 6 dB Programmable De-emphasis levels Programmable Signal amplitude
Programmable Pre-emphasis/De-emphasis on SER extends max cable length beyond 15m at 3.125Gbps.
SER OutputNo Pre/De-emp
DES InputNo Pre/De-emp
10m+3 In line Con
DES Input6 dB Pre-emp
10m+3 In line Con
DES Input8dB Pre-emp
10m+3 In line Con
DES Input14dB Pre-emp
10m+3 In line Con
GMSL Pre-emphasis/De-emphasis
33 | Maxim Integrated
Eye diagram at the RX Equalizer INPUT for 10m cable (Rosenberger s-parameter model) @3.12Gbs
Eye diagram at the RX Equalizer OUTPUT for 10m cable (Rosenberger s-parameter model) @3.12Gbs
GMSL Programmable Cable Equalizer
34 | Maxim Integrated
Maxim Solutions for Serializer and Deserilizer
| Maxim Integrated 29
MAX96707+AR0143 Reference Design
| Maxim Integrated 30
Deserilizer Solution
• MIPI (Mobile Industry Peripheral Interconnect) interfaces were developed for cellphones. Use has extended to tablets and automotive. > CSI = Camera System Interface
> DSI = Display System Interface
• Cameras 2MP (megapixel) and up, typically use CSI.
• GMSL addresses 1MP cameras which are parallel interface, but SoCs increasingly use CSI as the camera interface.
• MAX9288 allows up to 4 lane CSI-2 at up to 1Gb/s per lane
• MAX9286 allows up to 4 lane CSI-2 at up to 1.2Gb/s per lane
| Maxim Integrated 31
| Maxim Integrated 32
> CSI-2 output (4 data lanes x 1.2Gbps per lane)
> Four 1.5Gbps GMSL inputs
> Pairs with any GMSL serializer (ex: 9271/9259/9275/96705)
> Output formatted for compatibility with SoC video processor
MAX9286: Quad Deserilizer with CSI-2 Output
STP orcoax
Surround View
STP orcoax
STP orcoax
STP orcoax
CSI-2
MAX9286
Four Cameras Combined into One Panoramic Image
| Maxim Integrated33
4W pixels
Camera 1 (WxH) pixels Camera 2 (WxH) pixels
Camera 3 (WxH) pixels Camera 4 (WxH) pixels
IN0 IN1 IN2 IN3
MAX9286
CSI-2 Output
CSI-2 packet with 1st lines
1st line
Packet Header Packet Footer
| Maxim Integrated 34
Camera SynchronizationTwo methods of camera sync1)Internal: FRSYNC Generator drives GPO/FSIN. SoC starts FRSYNC
generator by one I2C write. 1us max skew between FSIN at cameras. FSIN generated every frame. I2C stretched while FRSYNC is generated. FSYNC can be generated:
1. Automatically – MAX9286 determines timing and generates it for all cameras
2. Semi-automatically – MAX9286 determines frame time for one camera and outputs FSYNC to all cameras based on that
3. Manually – SoC programs frame timing into MAX9286
2) External: SoC generates sync by driving GPIO pin to 9286 FRSYNC/GPI. Signal travels over 9286 backchannel to GPO/FSIN. 1us max skew between FSIN. SoC must provide sync timing needed by cameras.
GPO(0)
96705
9286 FRSYNCGenerator
Camera(0)
FSIN(0)
GPO(1)
96705
Camera(1)
FSIN(1)
GPO(2)
96705
Camera(2)
FSIN(2)
GPO(3)
96705
Camera(3)
FSIN(3)
I2C
SoCI2C
GPIO
FRSYNC/GPI
Back channel of serial links
Video Video Video Video
Serializer Product Summary
| Maxim Integrated35
Deserilizer Product Summary
| Maxim Integrated 36
Agenda
1 ADAS Overview
2 Gigabit Multimedia Serial Links (GMSL) for ADAS
3 Power Management for ADAS
| Maxim Integrated 37
Challenges for ADAS Power Supply DesignRobust performance
Small SolutionSize
High Efficiency
Low Standby Power
High Power DensityASIL
Low Noise
| Maxim Integrated | Company Confidential38
• 2MHz Fsw reduces inductor & capacitor sizes
• Integration of Power FET’s
• Multiple outputs in a single chip
Cost Effective & Small Size High Efficiency Reduced EMI
TDFNPackage
Small Ceramic Cout
Small Output Inductor
• Family of low quiescent current products• MAX20003 with 15A Iq• MAX16930 with 20A Iq
• Up to 95% efficient @5Vout
• Features that lower and mitigate EMI emissions• Spread Spectrum• PWM for constant frequency• 2MHz Operation• Forced PWM mode and Ext. Synch
| Maxim Integrated39
Maxim Automotive Power Solutions Benefits
Powering the Remote Camera
| Maxim Integrated 40
Power Over Coax
• STP systems actually often use twisted quad, with one pair used for data and one for power
• To send power over the same wires as signal requires filters> For STP one filter in +, one in –
> For coax one filter
• To fully realize the potential of coax, must use the same cable for power.
| Maxim Integrated 41
Camera Module Block Diagram
| Maxim Integrated | Company Confidential42
Main Components
Power over coax
VIN
(@ 10V)PoC filter
IMG
IMG
IMG
SER
3.3V, 300mA
1.8V, 250mA
1.2V, 140mA
Power Management
SMPS 1V2
LDO 1V8
SMPS 3V3VIN
EN
VOUT
PG
VIN
EN
VIN
EN
VOUT
PG
8V
PoC Filter
| Maxim Integrated 43
• 3-inductors (330nH, 6.8uH and 100uH)
• One ferrite bead and inductor 47uH or 100uH
PoC: SMPSMAX20019-20 remote camera power – power over coax camera power supply
MAX20087 Quad
Camera Protector
MAXIM
Serializer + Image Sensor
Example camera module
ECU Remote Camera
MAX20019
| Maxim Integrated | Company Confidential44
Dual 3.2MHz, 500mA Buck Converter for Automotive CamerasMAX20019-MAX20020
Applications
• Remote camera module
• Point of load
• Forward/rear/side-view camera
Features
Small solution
• VIN 3.5V to 17V [ABS MAX 18V]
• TDFN 10pin 3mm x 2mm
• Buck1 out 5V, 3.3V, 3.0V, 2.8V 500mA
• Buck2 out 1.8V,1.5V,1.2V, 1V 500mA
• Soft start time to reduce inrush in coax 1msec
• OV protection +/- 3% over full load and temperature
• User controlled power sequencing – MAX20020 [SUP: OUT1 & EN: OUT2] MAX20019 [OUT1 1.3ms OUT2]
Efficient
• OUT1 & 2 ~ 90% efficiency
• OUT1 and OUT2 operate 180o out of phase
Quiet-low noise
• Fixed 3.2MHz switching frequency for HV step-down (2.2Mhz @VIN >10V)
• Fixed 3.2MHz switching frequency for LV step-down
• Spread spectrum option
AEC-Q100, temp range: -40oC to +125oC
| Maxim Integrated | Company Confidential45
OUT1 5V 3.3 3 2.8
1.8V
3.3V 1.5V
OUT2 1.2V
1.0V
FUSION ECU
Vo=8V@1.2A
Remote Camera 1
Microprocessor
Remote Camera 2
Remote Camera 3
Remote Camera 4
ILIM Switch
Maxim quad deserializer
BATT
Coaxial cable 8V@0.3A
Coaxial cable 8V@0.3A
Coaxial cable 8V@0.3A
Coaxial cable 8V@0.3A
Power supply
MAX20049 + Image Sensor + Serializer
PoC: SMPS
What the MAX20049 OffersMAX20049
LDO117VIN_MAX
3.3V, 3.0V, 2.8V
100mAPMOS
EN2.8V
2.2µF
EP
HVSTEP-DOWN
PWMOUT1
3.8V, 3.3V, 3.0V, 2.8V, 2.5V,
1V-2V500mA
LX1
OUT1S
EN
SUP1
BST1
BIAS
BIAS
3.3VOUT1
VSUP
PGND1
3.3µH
22µF
1µFAGND
OUT3
HVSTEP-DOWN
PWMOUT2
3.8V, 3.3V, 3.0V, 2.8V, 2.5V
1V-2V500mA
LX2
OUT2SEN
3.3µH
22µF
1.8VOUT2
OUT1, OUT2, LDO3, LDO4
COMPARATOR
PGOOD
VBIAS
LDOIN3
1µF
SUP2
LDO2 1-2V 100mV
step,400mAPMOS EN
1.2V
4.7µF
OUT4
BST2
BIAS
GNDL
OUT1S - ZMOOUT2S - YMO
PGND2
Small solution• VIN 3.5V to 17V [ABS MAX 18V]• SW TDFN 16pin 3mm x 3mm (TD1633Y+5C)• 17V LDO1 3.3V, 3.0V, 2.8V• LV LDO for 1V-2V/400mA• LDO input for reduced power loss• 17V dual buck – each 500mA capable• All outputs adjustable• +/-2% over full load and temp• Soft start time to reduce Inrush in Coax 3msec• OV/UV protection on buck1 and buck2• PGOOD output for LDO and buck railsEfficient• OUT1 & 2 ~ 90% efficiency • OUT1 and OUT2 operates 180° out of phaseQuiet - low noise• High PSRR low noise LDO (60db@1kHz, 50db@10kHz,
50uVRMS)• Fixed 2.2MHz switching frequency • Spread spectrum optionAEC-Q100, Temp Range: -40°C to +125°C
Features
• Remote camera module• Point of Load• Forward/rear/side-view camera
ApplicationsUltra small PCB solution for
4-channel camera applications
Powering the ADAS ECU
| Maxim Integrated 48
Ideal ADAS Camera Power Solution
| Maxim Integrated | Company Confidential49
Power PMIC Inside the Camera ECU & Recommended Solution
MAX20414 SMPS meets all of the system’s
voltage requirements
MAX20003MAX20002
Ideal ADAS Radar Power Solution
| Maxim Integrated | Company Confidential50
ADAS Radar PMIC & Recommended Solution
MAX20014 SMPS meets all of the system’s
voltage requirements
MAX20075 HV BUCK
Benefits
• Small solution size
• Highly efficient
• Low EMI
MAX20014 Features
• Dual synchronous 3A buck converters and synchronous boost converter
• 2.2MHz switching frequency
• Spread spectrum oscillator
Ideal Instrument Cluster Power Solution
| Maxim Integrated | Company Confidential51
Instrument Cluster PMIC & & Recommended Solution
MAX20016 SMPS meets all of the system’s
voltage requirements
MAX20098 HV BUCK
• Small solution size and lower BOM cost
• Efficiency and flexible solution
• Robust performance in harsh automotive environment
Benefits
| Maxim Integrated 52
Battery-connected, high-voltage power solutions
Secondary, low-voltage power solutions
CAN
SOC
Memory
MMIC
Etc.
12V battery
Building block parts Differentiated / ASSP SOC partnership Customer / field input
Maxim Automotive Power Portfolio
Powering the LEDs
| Maxim Integrated 53
Display Solutions
Display locationsDisplay
Numbers
Instrument Cluster 1
(Center Info Display) CID 1-2
Smart Back Mirror 1
Side Mirror Replacement 2
(Heads Up Display) HUD 1
Rear Seat Mount on Head Support 2
Rear Seat Mount on Roof 1
Total: Up to 10 displays per car
§Boost and Sepic configurations supported
§Vin range 4.5V to 40V
§Wide PWM dimming range
Benefits
§4x150mA LED current, +/-3% accuracy
§Wide 5000:1 Dimming Ratio
§Adaptive boost voltage control
§ Internal short and open LED protection, Over Temperature Protections
§ Fs=200kHz – 2.2MHz
§ Fault Indicator Output
Features
§Automotive Displays, LED Backlights
§DRL/Fog Lamps/Turn Indicators/RCL
Applications
| Maxim Integrated 55
MAX168144-Channel LED Driver B/L with HV DC-DC Boost/SEPIC
§Minimal External Components
§Highly integrated solution for 6 LED strings
§ EMI and Noise-reduction features
Benefits
§ 6 Strings with 120mA max/String
§ Phase Shifting
§ Spread Spectrum Mode Reduces EMI
§Wide 10000:1 Dimming Ratio
§ Low Shutdown Current (<10uA)
§Comprehensive Fault Protection – OVP, LED short, LED open.
§Open Drain Fault Indicator
§ 24 lead TSSOP with Exposed Pad
Features
§Center Stack Displays
§Heads Up Displays
§ Instrument Clusters
§Navigation Display
Applications
Mass Production
MAX20056 - 6x120mA LED Driver with Boost/SEPIC Controller
56 | Maxim Integrated | Company Confidential
MAX20069: 4-Ch TFT-LCD Power Supply with 4-String LED Driver
AP74
BATT VCC
NDRV
LGND
COMP
CS
OVP
ISET
DIM
OUT1
LX
FBP
INN
HVINP
POS
NEG
LXN
EP
EN
GND
SEQ
DN
DP
PGVDD
IN
DGVEE
DGVDD
FBPG
FBNG
REF
C1
BATTERY INPUT
C2 C21
R15R11
R12
C 22
DIM INPUT
D13
R10
C23
C4
C5
C6L 2
D2
VPOS
VNEG
FAULT OUTPUT
TFT POWER INPUT
C7
C10
R 5C9
VDGVDD
VDGVEE
C10
C 19
C14
R7
R 6
C 11C 20
D 3
D 9
D5
D11D6
D 12
L3
R16
R 9
R 4
D4
C8
D7
TFT POWER INPUT
FLT
TFT POWER INPUT
R 17
C 22
L 1 D 1
OUT2
OUT3
OUT4
DGND ADD
PGND
SDA
SCLI2C BUS
57 | Maxim Integrated | Company Confidential
§Boost/SEPIC Backlight Controller
§ I2C Control/Diagnostic Interface
§ 40-lead 6x6mm TQFN Package
Benefits
§ POS, NEG, GVDD, GVEE Voltage Adjustment
§ Flexible Sequencing
§ 4x120mA LED current sinks
§Overtemperature Indication & Pre-warning at 125°C
§Open and Shorted LED Diagnostics
§ Fs=200kHz – 2.2MHz
§ Spread Spectrum
Features
§Automotive Displays, LED Backlights
Applications
Safety and Reliability
| Maxim Integrated 58
How the MAX20086/87/88/89 Add ValueDiscrete solution vs MAX20086/87 – Example customer block diagram on the left
• Lower BOM cost compared to discrete and integrated competitor solution
• Provides a complete set of diagnostic fault information
• Isolate all faults on harness/camera from single power supply/other cameras
Maxim Integrated | Company Confidential
MAX20087
Short to VBATT
Intelligent diagnostics
ASIL compliant
MAX16127 Auto Grade Load Dump/Reverse Voltage
| Maxim Integrated | Company Confidential60
Description
Benefits
• Load dump/reverse-voltage protection circuits protect power supplies from damaging input voltage conditions, including overvoltage, reverse-voltage, and high-voltage transients
• During OV events, the device clamps the rail at the OV threshold
• -36V to 90V protection range
• Adjustable OV and UV thresholds
• 350µA (max) supply current
• Operates down to +3V for cold crank situations Availability
• In Production • AEC-Q100 qualified• IOS 7637 UL testing reports available
Applications
• Power supply protection• ADAS• Infotainment• Truck/EV battery
MAX16141 Ideal Diode Controller and Protection Circuit
| Maxim Integrated | Company Confidential61
Description Benefits
• Provides system protection against reverse current, overcurrent, undervoltage, overvoltage and over temperature conditions
• Wide Voltage Range
• 3.5V to 36V Operating Voltage Range
• -36V to +60V Protection Voltage Range
• 10 uA Shutdown mode
• 15 uA Sleep mode delivering up to 400 uA to the load
• Eliminates Discrete Diode Power Dissipation
• Auto-retry for over temperature and over current
Applications
• Automotive Power Systems• Central Information Display