Post on 07-May-2015
Medication Administration
Principles and Routes of Medication Administration
Part 1
Part 1 TopicsPart 1 Topics
Aseptic Technique Medication Administration
Routes Medication Package Anatomy and Physiology
Related to MedicationAdministration
Six Rights of Drug Administration
Right person Right drug Right dose Right time Right route Right documentation
Knowing all drug administration protocols
is essential.
Always take appropriate body substance isolation measures to
reduce your risk of exposure during medication
administration.
Body substance isolation equipment.
Medical Asepsis It is important to keep the
ambulance and all theequipment clean.
Sterile—free of all forms of life Medically clean—involves
careful handling to preventcontamination
Treat all blood and body fluids as potentially infectious.
Needle Handling Precautions
Minimize the tasks performed ina moving ambulance.
Immediately dispose of usedsharps in a sharps container.
Recap needles only as a lastresort.
Medication Administration and Documentation
Record all information concerning the patient and medication including: Indication for drug administration. Dosage and route delivered. Patient response to the
medication—both positive and negative.
Percutaneous drug administration is drugs applied to and absorbed
through the skin or mucous membranes.
Transdermal
Absorbed through the skin at a slow, steady rate.
Method:1. BSI.2. Clean administration site.3. Apply medication.4. Leave medication in place for required time.
Monitor the patient for desirable or adverse effects.
Mucous Membranes
Absorbed through the mucous membranes at a moderate to rapid rate.
Place the pill or direct spray between the underside of the tongue and the floor of
the oral cavity.
Sublingual Medication
Administration
Place the medication between the patient’s cheek and gum.
Buccal Medication Administration
Use a medication dropper to place the prescribed dosage on the conjunctival sac.
Eye Drop Administration
Nasal medication administration
Manually open the ear canal and administer the appropriate dose.
Aural Medication Administration
Pulmonary Drug Administration
Medications are administered into the pulmonary system via inhalation or injection.
Small volume nebulizerSmall volume nebulizer
Nebulizer Nebulizer with with
attached attached face face
mask, mask, bag-valve bag-valve mask, and mask, and endotrachendotracheal tube.eal tube.
Metered dose inhaler
Endotracheal Tube
Several medications can be administered through an endotracheal tube: Lidocaine Epinephrine Atropine Naloxone
Enteral Drug Administration
The delivery of any medication that is absorbed through the gastrointestinal tract.
Gastrointestinal tractGastrointestinal tract
Oral Drug Administration Any medication taken by mouth
and swallowed into the GI tract. Be sure the patient has
an adequate level ofconsciousness to prevent aspiration.
Oral Drug Forms
Capsules Tablets Pills Enteric coated/
time releasecapsules andtablets
Elixirs Emulsions Lozenges Suspensions Syrups
Equipment for Oral Administration
Soufflé cup Medicine cup Medicine
dropper
Teaspoon Oral syringe Nipple
Gastric Tube Administration
Gastric tubes provide access directly to the GI system.
Confirm proper tube placement.
Withdraw the plunger while observing for the presence of
gastric fluid or contents.
Instill the medication into the gastric tube.
Gently inject the saline.
Clamp off the distal tube.
Rectal Administration
The rectum’s extremevascularity promotes rapid drugabsorption.
Medications do not travelthrough the liver, and are notsubject to hepatic alteration.
Catheter placement on needleless syringe
Syringe attached to endotracheal tube
Prepackaged enema container
Parenteral Drug Administration
Drug administration outside of the gastrointestinal tract.
Syringes and Needles
Syringe. Hypodermic needle.
Kinds of Parenteral Drug Containers
Glass ampules Single and multidose vials Nonconstituted syringes Prefilled syringes Intravenous medication fluids
Ampules. Vials.
Ampules and Vials
Information On Drug Labels
Name of medication Expiration date Total dose and concentration
Hold the ampule upright and tap its top to dislodge any
trapped solution.
Place gauze around the thin neck…
…and snap it off with your thumb.
Draw up the medication.
Confirm the vial label.
Prepare the syringe and hypodermic needle.
Cleanse the vial’s rubber top.
Insert the hypodermic needle into the rubber top and inject the air from the syringe into the vial.
The nonconstituted drug vial actually consists of two vials, one containing a powdered medication and one containing a liquid mixing solution.
Nonconstituted drugs come in separate vials. Confirm
the labels.
Remove all solution from the vial containing the mixing
solution.
Cleanse the top of the vial containing the powdered drug
and inject the solution.
Agitate or shake the vial to ensure complete mixture.
Prepare a new syringe and hypodermic needle.
Withdraw the appropriate volume of medication.
In the Mix-O-Vial system, the vials are joined at the neck.
Confirm the labels.
Squeeze the vials together to break the seal. Agitate or shake to mix completely.
Withdraw the appropriate volume of medication.
Parenteral Routes
Intradermal injection Subcutaneous injection Intramuscular injection Intravenous access Intraosseous infusion
Intradermal Intradermal InjectionInjection
Assemble and prepare the needed equipment.
Check the medication.
Draw up the medication.
Prepare the administration site.
Pull the patient’s skin taut.
Insert the needle, bevel up at a
10–15 angle.
Remove the needle and cover the puncture site with an
adhesive bandage.
Monitor the patient.
Subcutaneous Injection
45º
Subcutaneous Injection Sites
Prepare the equipment.
Check the medication.
Draw up the medication.
Prep the site.
Insert the needle at a 45 angle.
Remove the needle and cover the puncture site.
Monitor the patient.
Intramuscular Injection Sites
Deltoid Dorsal gluteal Vastus lateralis Rectus femoris
Intramuscular Injection
90º
Intramuscular Injection Sites
Prepare the equipment.
Check the medication.
Draw up the medication.
Prepare the site.
Insert the needle at a 90 angle.
Remove the needle and cover the puncture site.
Monitor the patient.
Part 1 Summary
Aseptic technique Medication administration
routes Medication package Anatomy and physiology
related to medicationadministration