Women in Refrigerators

A. Duffy

Film

Television

Comics and Graphic Novels

Televised sport

Music Videos

Games

Violence in the News

What are the effects of violent imagery on media audiences?

Does consumption of violent media led to real-world violence?

Does watching violence cause someone to become violent?

How much exposure is harmful?

‘Effects’ model

• What is ‘media violence’?

• Backwards approach

• Performs political functions

Do everyday representations of violence begin to normalize violence in society over time?

How do representations of violence reinforce ideology?

Women in refrigerators

“The ultimate [act] that would be the taboo, to show how bad some villain is, was to have somebody being raped, you know? I don’t really think it matters. It’s the same as, like, a decapitation. It’s just a horrible act to show that somebody’s a bad guy.”

Mark Millar

Bibliography

Barker, M., & Petley, J. (2001). Ill Effects : The Media Violence Debate. London, GBR: Routledge. Retrieved from http://www.ebrary.com

Carter, C., & Weaver, C. K. (2003). Violence and the Media. Berkshire, GBR: McGraw-Hill Professional Publishing. Retrieved from http://www.ebrary.com

Ford, C. (2013, August 13). Can we stop using rape as a plot device? Retrieved from http://www.dailylife.com.au/news-and-views/dl-opinion/can-we-stop-using-rape-as-a-plot-device-20130812-2rrwh.html

Gauntlett, D. (1998). Ten things wrong with the media ‘effects’ model. Retrieved from http://www.theory.org.uk/david/effects.htm

Green, D. (2013, May 19). 15 Recent Ads that Glorify Violence Against Women. Retrieved fromhttp://www.businessinsider.com.au/sex-violence-against-women-ads-2013-5?op=1#the-context-this-is-a-famously-bad-old-ad-from-the-1960s-surely-nothing-like-this-would-be-approved-for-paid-media-today-1

Human Security Report Project (2014, 3rd March). The Decline in Global Violence: Reality or Myth?Retrieved from http://www.hsrgroup.org/docs/Publications/HSR2013/HSR_2013_Press_Release.pdf

Humphries, D. (Ed.). (2009). Women, Violence, and the Media : Readings in Feminist Criminology. Hanover, NH, USA: Northeastern University Press. Retrieved from http://www.ebrary.com

March, A. (2015, April 11 ). The Saturday Rumpus essay: Dead girls sold here. Retrieved from http://therumpus.net/2015/04/the-saturday-rumpus-essay-dead-girls-sold-here/

Nadler, L. (2012, October 26). 10 most brutal deaths in comics. Retrieved from http://bloody-disgusting.com/news/3200371/10-most-brutal-deaths-in-comics/10/

Walter, N. (2010, 4 June). Why is there so much movie violence against women? Retrieved from http://www.theguardian.com/film/2010/jun/03/women-violence-killer-inside-me-feminism

WAVAW. (2014, Mar 11). We can do better: Violence against women in film and tv.Retrieved from http://www.wavaw.ca/we-can-do-better-violence-against-women-in-film-and-tv/

Video

America’s Next Top Model Season 8. (2015, March 22). America’s Next Top Model Season 8 Episode 5. Retrieved from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XE2obHJSVbA

Images:

http://static.businessinsider.com/image/5193e94e69bedd4f49000000/image.jpghttp://www.trendhunter.com/trends/duncan-quinn-suit-ad-depicting-strangled-womanhttp://cdn.mamamia.com.au/wp-content/uploads/2013/08/Screen-Shot-2013-08-07-at-12.56.59-AM.pnghttp://static6.businessinsider.com/image/521d14c4eab8ea94243a6b95-960/standard.jpeghttps://mediadissemination.wordpress.com/2009/07/18/sexy_but_not_good_for_running_away/http://www.buzzfeed.com/copyranter/violence-against-women-in-fashion-continues-unabated#.bw4GgKGMghttps://sites.google.com/a/sou.edu/sexualized-violence-against-women-in-advertising/http://www.theguardian.com/lifeandstyle/womens-blog/2014/jan/09/female-corpses-fashion-trend-marc-jacobs-miley-cyrushttp://www.educationcareer.net.au/archived-news/rugby-bans-planned-if-punch-ups-aren-t-cannedhttp://archive.avenuecalgary.com/articles/a-hardhitting-read-violence-in-sportshttp://lastangryfan.com/2010/01/your-excessive-violence-in-rugby-post-of-the-week/

https://www.google.com.au/search?safe=active&tbm=isch&q=violence+in+sport&ei=7eIpVY_IMYSB8QXY-YHwDQ#safe=active&tbm=isch&q=mma&imgrc=KY-mfPDsCqh0tM%253A%3BzBWgQvDcld4IVM%3Bhttp%253A%252F%252Fwww.wired.com%252Fplaybook%252Fwp-content%252Fuploads%252F2010%252F08%252Fmma.jpg%3Bhttp%253A%252F%252Fwww.wired.com%252F2010%252F08%252Fcanada-ban-mma%252F%3B660%3B486http://albello.com/#/boxing-mma/Boxing-16https://www.mycomicshop.com/search?TID=337691http://canvas.grolsch.com/film-works/women-in-refrigerators-movie-trope-needs-to-endhttp://studio83.co.za/news/2009/07/22/1065http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Women_in_Refrigeratorshttp://www.zoom-comics.com/archives/5183/moon-knight-is-violent/ http://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laura_Palmerhttp://therealsingapore.com/content/attitude-problem-individuals-will-get-more-aggressive-after-watching-violent-movies-studyhttp://galleryhip.com/gladiator-quotes.html

http://www.washingtonpost.com/lifestyle/style/in-movies-violence-against-women-lets-filmmakers-indulge-toxic-fantasies/2014/09/19/36ea6e36-3f3d-11e4-b03f-de718edeb92f_story.html

http://www.independent.co.uk/voices/comment/helen-mirren-is-right-when-did-tv-violence-against-women-become-so-acceptably-ubiquitous-9132337.html

http://www.telegraph.co.uk/women/sex/10744895/Why-is-violence-against-women-ever-sexualised.html