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MEASUREMENT OF MALARIA

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Contents

1. Pre-eradication era2. Eradication era3. Vector indices

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Pre-eradication era• Magnitude of malaria was determined on the basis of diagnosed cases.

• The classical malariometric measures are:

1. Spleen rate2. Average enlarged spleen3. Parasite rate

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Spleen rate

• % of children between 2 and 10 years of age showing enlargement of spleen.

Average enlarged spleen:• This is a further refinement of spleen rate denoting the avg size of the enlarged spleen .

• It is a useful malariometric index.

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Parasite rate• % of children b/w the ages 2 and 10 yrs showing malaria parasite in their blood film.

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Eradication era•The microscopic diagnosis of malaria cases became the main method of diagnosis.

• The parameters used for the measurement of malaria were mostly parasitological in nature .

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•The following parameters are employed:a) annual parasite incidenceb) annual blood examination ratec) annual falciparum incidenced) slide positivity ratee) slide falciparum rate

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• Annual parasite incidence.[API] API =confirmed cases during 1 year x 1000 population under surveillance • Annual blood examination rate [ABER] ABER= nos of slides examined x100 population

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• annual falciparum incidence since the emergence of P. falciparum problem in India data are collected separately for total malaria cases and P. falciparum cases.

• slide positivity rate % of slides found positive for malarial parasite irrespective of the type of species.

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• Slide falciparum rate % of slides positive for P. falciparum parasite.

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Vector Indices• A malaria survey is not complete unless it includes investigations relating to the insect vector.

• Some of the imp vector indices are:1. human blood index2. sporozoite rate3. mosquito density4. man biting rate5. inoculation rate

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MALARIA ECOLOGY Intrinsic and Extrinsic Factors

Controland prevention

measuresHuman

Parasite Mosquito

Social, behavioral, economic and political factors

Environmental conditions

EXTRINSIC

INTRINSIC

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Malaria’s Toll: Major Intrinsic Components

Plasmodium falciparumAnopheles gambiae

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REFERENCE

1. K Park. Textbook of Preventive and Social Medicine.23rd ed. Jabalpur:Banarasi Bhanot publication;2015

2. nvbdcp.gov.in

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