RESEARCH METHODS FOR MANAGEMENT

Presented byV.Revathi.,M.B.A.,M.PHIL.,Department of Management

Research ?

UNIT - I

Meaning of Research• Research = Re + Search. That is search after

search and search. • Such solution or strategy adds to our stock

of knowledge in dealing with the problem or the issue.

• Research is essentially a systematic enquiry seeking facts through objective, verifiable methods in order to discover the relationship among them and to deduce from them broad principles or laws. Research is really a method of critical thinking.

Definition • According to Francis Bacon: Research is the

power of suspending judgment, with patience, of mediating with pleasures of assessing with caution of correcting with readiness and of arranging thought with scrupulous pain.

 • According to Francis G, Cornell defines:

research as, "the activity of collecting information in an orderly and systematic fashion".

Let us see, some images about Research

Objectives of research• Objective of Research is one the important elements for

conducting any research because it helps in determining the possibility of conducting the study.

Research Questions

Hypotheses

Research Study Boundary

• Research Questions: Research questions arise before the study is conducted.

• Hypotheses: Hypotheses are Assumptions about some Characteristics of population which must be accepted or rejected on the basis of empirical evidence.

• Research Study Boundary: After clearly defining the research problems and hypotheses, the boundaries and limits of the study must be properly defined.

Scope of Research

Environmental level

Organizational level

Marketing Level

1. To Gather Necessary Information2. To Make Changes3. Improving Standard Of Living4. For a Safer Life5. To Know the Truth6. Explore Our History7. Understanding Arts

Significance of Research

Types of Research

Descriptive versus Analytical Research

Applied versus Fundamental Research

Qualitative versus Quantitative Research

Conceptual versus Empirical Research

Some other Types of Research

1. Descriptive Versus Analytical research: In contrast analytical research is concerned with determining validity of hypothesis based on analysis of facts collected.2. Applied research is carried out to find answers to practical problems to be solved and as an aid in decision making in different areas including product design, process design and policy making. 3. Quantitative research & Qualitative Research studies such aspects of the research subject which are not quantifiable, and hence not subject to measurement and quantitative analysis. 4. Conceptual versus empirical research is involves investigation of thoughts and ideas and developing new ideas or interpreting the old ones based on logical reasoning. 5. Some other types of research: All other types of research are variations of one or more of the above stated approaches, based on either the purpose of research, or the time required to accomplish research, on the environment in which research is done, or on the basis of some other similar factor.

Research Process• Research process consists of series of actions or steps

necessary to effectively carry out research and the desired sequencing of these steps. The chart indicates that the research process consists of a number of closely related activities, as shown through I to VIII. But such activities overlap continuously rather than following a strictly prescribed sequences. At times, the first step determines the nature of the last step to be undertaken

1. Identify the Problem

2. Review the Literature

3. Clarify the Problem

4. Clearly Define Terms and Concepts

5. Define the Population

6. Develop the Instrumentation Plan

7. Collect Data

8. Analyze the Data

• 1. Should be systematic in nature.2. Should be logical.3. Should be empirical and replicable in nature.4. Should be according to plans.5. Should be according to the rules and the assumptions should not be based on the false bases or judgments.6. Should be relevant to what is required.7. Procedure should be reproducible in nature.8. Controlled movement of the research procedure.

• 9. Research is based on the scientific method.10. Helps in answering various pertinent questions.11. It is an organized, planned and patient investigation or a critical enquiry.12 It has logical roots, helping to establish facts or principles

Characteristics of Good Research

Scientific Methods of Research

• Scientific method is a method, which is very systematic in nature and plays a very critical role in the field of investigation, evaluation, experimentation, interpretation and theorizing.

• According to George A. Lundberg, scientific method can be defined as the “method which consists of the systematic observation, classification and the interpretation of the data the main difference between our day to day generalization and the conclusions usually recognized as a scientific method lie in the degree of the formality, rigorousness, verifiability and the general validity of the later.”

Problems in research• According to R.S.Woodworth “A problem is a

situation for which we have no readymade solution”.• According to John Dewey “A problem represents

the information’s acquired by a researcher and seeks solution for it”.

• According to K.Person “A problem is that situation if we modified will bring solution in the difficulty”.

Identifying research Problem• The identification of research problem is the first and

foremost step that every researcher has to undertake. At times, it becomes rather difficult for an inexperienced researcher or a novice/beginner in research to conceptualize a research problem. In general, a research problem should be understood as some difficulty, unclear situation which a researcher experiences in practical or theoretical context and wants to obtain a tangible explanation, clarification or offer solution to it.

Components of a Research Problem

1.An individual or community or an organization

2.Some Objectives for pursuing the problem

3.Some lines of action to be taken

THANK YOU