Maurissa SorensenValerie CasillasCasey Moroney

Rose Householder

Anti-Bullying Summit 2011

•Higher Prevalence Rates in the U.S. than in Other Countries--Why? •Who Does Research Benefit?

Why study bullying ?

Stability and consistency of bully-victims (over time)

• Bullies (>60%) and Victims (13%) remain in roles  • Bully-victims and bystanders seem to stay the most

consistent over numerous periods of time.

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Bullies Victims Bully-Victims Bystanders

•Across settings and the dominance theory• How does stability look for different/same for both

genders? • How does this effect bullies?• How does this effect victims?

• Do you mean “effect” or affect?

Stability and consistency of bully-victims

(across settings)

Bullying does not end in high school

• College victims are bullied by teachers and students

• Leads to higher rates of:

• school avoidance

• levels of anxiety• suicidal ideation

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Observed A Student Being Bullied By Another Student

Witnessed A Teacher Bullying A Student

Bullied By Another Student Occasionally and Frequently

Bullied By A Teacher Occasionally and Frequently

• POORER ACADEMIC SKILLS AND GRADES?

• COMING FROM AGGRESSIVE HOMES?

• INCONSISTENT AND NON EFFECTIVE DISCIPLINE?

• LOW SELF-ESTEEM

Who is a Bully? Characteristic Factors

LGBT BULLYING vs. RACE/CLASS

• BOYS BEING CALLED GAY EXPERIENCED MORE “PSYCHOLOGICAL DISTRESS”

• COMPARED TO OTHERS WHO ALSO SUFFERED FROM OTHER FORMS OF BULLYING

• BULLIES ATTACKING LGBT STUDENTS= MORE PHYSICALLY VIOLENCE

• THEY DON’T WANT TO APPEAR TO BE “GAY”

LGBT BULLYING vs. RACE/CLASS

• suffer from depression in adulthood

• School Truancy• increased risk in suicidal ideation.

What Happens to the Victims?

LGBT Not LGBT

• Common problems were poor academics

• Boys who are bullied, and called “gay”, reported

• The terms “man enough”, “real boy” led.

• Perpetrators of “gay males” were given the “boys will be boys” defense

• Anyone can be bulllied• Victims who were bullied for

reasons other than being called “gay”

• Reasons for this population experiencing bullying differently varied

• These victims showed a higher attendance rate than LGBT youth.

LGBT and Not LGBT Victims?

Victims and Suicide

• Suicide rates among youth are on the rise• Empirical research has shown that bullying is a

risk factor for suicide• Mass media attention has increased

• Dangers of cyber bullying?• Constant harassment

• Anonymity

• How Bullying leads to Gun Violence?• Gay baiting

• Not all victims internalize feelings

Cyber Bullying an epidemic!

“BYSTANDER BEHAVIOR MODERATES A CHILDS'

VULNERABILITY TO VICTIMIZATION.”

Bystanders Make a Difference!

“THE MORE BYSTANDERS THERE ARE DURING AN EMERGENCY, THE LESS

LIKELY IT IS THAT ANY ONE BYSTANDER WILL INTERVENE

TO PROVIDE AID.”

Diffusion of Responsibility

Sexual Violenc

eIt is a form of assault, a

form of abuse, and a form of

bullying!

“STUDENT LEADERS NOTED BECOMING MORE AWARE

THAT THEY COULD DO SOMETHING AND MAKE A

DIFFERENCE (FOR THE VICTIM)…”

Within a Study Done On Reducing Sexual Violence On Campus:

Possible Bystander Reactions To Bullying:

• Pressuring the bully into bullying

• 2nd party victim of bullying

• Lack of involvement

• Learned response

• Insensitive to bullying