MASS PRODUCTION

PRESENTED BYKRISHNA KUMAR SINGH

7 SEMD.O.S.T

Mass production is the name given to the method of producing goods in large quantities at low cost per unit.

The mass production of items is often done by using an assembly line, or another efficient means of production.

But mass production, although allowing lower prices, does not have to mean low-quality production.

DEFINITION

The mass production process itself is characterized by

1. mechanization to achieve high volume, 2.elaborate organization of materials flow through 3.various stages of manufacturing, 4.careful supervision of quality standards, 5.minute division of labour

The system of manufacture involving production of many identical parts and their assembly into finished products came to be called the American System, because it achieved its fullest maturity in the United States.

Although Eli Whitney has been given credit for this development, his ideas had appeared earlier in Sweden, France, and Britain and were being practiced in arms factories in the United States.

HISTORY

By the third quarter of the 19th century, the American System was employed in making small arms, clocks, textile machinery, sewing machines, and a host of other industrial products.

The assembly line: Though prototypes of the assembly line can be traced to antiquity, the true ancestor of this industrial technique was the 19th-century meat-packing industry in Cincinnati, Ohio, and in Chicago, where overhead trolleys were employed to convey carcasses from worker to worker

Drawing upon observations of the meat-packing industry, the American automobile manufacturer Henry Ford designed an assembly line that began operation in 1913.

The result was a remarkable reduction of manufacturing time for magneto flywheels from 20 minutes to five minutes

Moving Assembly Line

One Day’s Production

1. First, tasks were minutely subdivided and performed by unskilled workers, or at least semiskilled workers, since much of the skill was built into the machine.

2. Second, manufacturing concerns grew to such size that a large hierarchy of supervisors and managers became necessary.

3. Third, the increasing complexity of operations required employment of a large management staff of accountants, engineers, chemists, and, later, social psychologists, in addition to a large distribution and sales force.

EFFECTS ON THE ORGANISATION OF WORK

1. The time taken to manufacture a product using mass production is shorter than when using traditional methods.

2. The probability of human error and variation is also reduced, as tasks are predominantly carried out by machinery.

3. A reduction in labour costs.4. An increased rate of production

ADVANTAGES

1. Mass production is inflexible because it is difficult to alter a design or production process after a production line is implemented.

2. All products produced on one production line will be identical or very similar, and introducing variety to satisfy individual tastes is not easy.

3. The starter cost for the machinery can be expensive.

DISADVANTAGES

Mass production allowed the evolution of consumerism by lowering the unit cost of many goods used.

CONCLUSION

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