Post on 05-Jan-2016
description
Marine Science
UH Hilo
Contributors:• Marta deMaintenon (compiler)• Matt Barton• Nancy Chaney• John Coney• Jon Bjornen• Phil Lo Cicero
Unidentified amphipod
These are small and frequently seen in benthic samples. They are compressed laterally and tend to ‘bounce’. There are many different types.
ARTHROPODA CRUSTACEA
Arctides regalis Holthuis, 1963
To about 18cm long. This is typically a deeper water lobster.
ARTHROPODA CRUSTACEA SCYLLARIDEA
Photo by John Coney
Scyllarides squammosus (H. Milne Edwards, 1837)
To about 40cm long. This large species is not often seen.
ARTHROPODA CRUSTACEA SCYLLARIDEA
Photo by John Coney
Parribacus antarcticus (Lund, 1793)
To about 16cm long. This small lobster is fairly common and well camouflaged.
ARTHROPODA CRUSTACEA SCYLLARIDEA
Photo by John Coney
Panulirus penicillatus (Olivier, 1791)
To about 40cm long. Recognizable by the striped legs.
ARTHROPODA CRUSTACEA PALINURIDAE
Photo by John Coney
Lysmata amboinensis (De Man, 1888)
Very enthusiastic cleaner shrimps, to ~6cm long.
ARTHROPODA CRUSTACEA HIPPOLYTIDAE
Photos by John Coney
Saron marmoratus (Olivier, 1811)
Marble shrimps are nocturnal and so rarely seen. Males have very long front legs. To ~7cm long.
ARTHROPODA CRUSTACEA HIPPOLYTIDAE
Photo by John Coney
Stenopus hispidus (Olivier, 1812)
Banded shrimps are commonly seen in pairs. Unmated animals are very aggressive toward each other, though their vision is not particularly good. To ~5cm long.
ARTHROPODA CRUSTACEA STENOPODIDAE
Photo by John Coney
Stenopus pyrsonatus (Goy & Devaney, 1980)
Similar to banded shrimps, but larger and with yellow claws. Frequently upside down under overhangs. To ~6cm long.
ARTHROPODA CRUSTACEA STENOPODIDAE
Photos by John Coney
Gnathophyllum c.f. americanum Guérin-Méneville, 1856
Bumblebee shrimps are small, and common in shallow habitats under rocks, where they typically feed on echinoderm tube feet. Length to about 13 mm
ARTHROPODA CRUSTACEA GNATHOPHYLLIDAE
Hymenocera picta Dana, 1852
These pretty shrimps mate permanently and eat sea stars, which they keep by holding them upside-down. To about 5 cm, females larger. The animal on the left is missing a claw.
ARTHROPODA CRUSTACEA GNATHOPHYLLIDAE
Photo by John Coney
Periclemenes soror Nobili, 1904
These tiny shrimps live on cushion stars and are typically colored to match their star. They are considered commensals and are usually no more than about 1cm long.
ARTHROPODA CRUSTACEA PALAEMONIDAE
Photo by John Coney
Unknown shrimp
This shrimp is about 1 cm long. It’s a gravid female, but missing an antenna and some legs. Found at Richardson’s, in about 1 m depth.
ARTHROPODA CRUSTACEA
Schizophroida hilensis (Rathbun, 1906)
Carapace to about 12 mm long. This small crab was found in about 2 m depth. Decorator crabs are triangular in shape and tend to cover themselves with other organisms.
ARTHROPODA CRUSTACEA MAJIDAE
Unidentified decorator crab #2
Carapace about 2 mm long. This small crab was found while shaking rubble in about 6 feet depth; it has several species of algae growing on its carapace
ARTHROPODA CRUSTACEA MAJIDAE
Simocarcinus simplex Dana, 1852
Carapace about 3 mm long, and the species grows to about 2.5 cm long. They are typically brown or greenish, and don’t usually have much stuck to them. .
ARTHROPODA CRUSTACEA MAJIDAE
Unidentified crab
Carapace about 3 mm wide. This little crab is flattened, with flat legs, short claws and a square carapace. It may be a juvenile.
ARTHROPODA CRUSTACEA
Grapsus tenuicrustatus (Herbst, 1783)
These crabs are common on rocky shores above the waterline. Carapace to about 7.5 cm wide.
ARTHROPODA CRUSTACEA GRAPSIDAE
Photo by Phil Lo Cicero
Ocypode pallidula Jacquinot, 1852
Carapace to about 2.5 cm wide. Ghost crab live in holes in sandy beaches above the waterline.
ARTHROPODA CRUSTACEA OCYPODIDAE
Photo by Phil Lo Cicero
Liomera rugata (H. Milne Edwards, 1834)
Carapace about 8 mm wide. This bright pink crab was a female with larvae; one of the newly hatched zoea is shown at left.
ARTHROPODA CRUSTACEA XANTHIDAE
Polydectus cupulifer (Latreille, 1812)The teddy bear crab, as it’s called, is a small xanthid that carries
an anemone on each claw. They are common under rocks and grow to about 2.5 cm carapace width
ARTHROPODA CRUSTACEA XANTHIDAE
Unidentified xanthid crab
Carapace about 2 mm wide. Xanthids can often be recognized by their (usually) black claws and relatively rock-like demeanor; if disturbed or handled they will typically fold up and wait it out.
ARTHROPODA CRUSTACEA XANTHIDAE
Unidentified xanthid crab
Carapace about 4 mm wide. This black and white xanthid was relatively aggressive, defending its algae blade from larger crabs.
ARTHROPODA CRUSTACEA XANTHIDAE
Unidentified xanthid crab Carapace about 12 mm wide.
ARTHROPODA CRUSTACEA XANTHIDAE
Crab sp.This little crab had a carapace about 2 mm wide. It is regrowing the left 4th leg.
ARTHROPODA CRUSTACEA
Charybdis hawaiensis Edmondson, 1954The striped eyes are diagnostic for this large swimming crab. Swimming crabs are known for being aggressive; if handled they will try to pinch and tend to hang on like bulldogs.
ARTHROPODA CRUSTACEA PORTUNIDAE
Photo by John Coney
Charybdis erythrodactyla (Lamarck, 1818)The blue markings and mottled eyes are diagnostic for this swimming crab. Size to ~15cm. The name refers to ‘red claws or fingers’.
ARTHROPODA CRUSTACEA PORTUNIDAE
Photo by John Coney
Gonioinfradens paucidentata (A. Milne Edwards, 1861)This swimming crab is red, with black eyes and claw tips. Size about 8cm.
ARTHROPODA CRUSTACEA PORTUNIDAE
Photo by John Coney
Lissocarcinus orbicularis (Dana, 1852)This little crab is a commensal species that lives singly or in pairs on large sea cucumbers. They tend to color to suit their host when they moult. Size to about 1.5 cm.
ARTHROPODA CRUSTACEA PORTUNIDAE
Photo by Phil Lo Cicero
Carpilius maculatus Linnaeus, 1758This large, very heavy coral crab gets to about 15cm wide. They seem to favor a diet of crabs, urchins and molluscs, which they eat by crushing the shell.
ARTHROPODA CRUSTACEA CARPILIIDAE
Photo by John Coney
Ranina ranina (Linnaeus, 1788)These are called ‘frog crabs’ because of the way they sit on their hindmost legs. Typically they dig backwards into sand when disturbed. They are fished, so are protected by law.
ARTHROPODA CRUSTACEA RANINIDAE
Photos by John Coney
Sponge Crab sp.This little crab has a tunicate on his carapace; it’s about 1 cm wide.
ARTHROPODA CRUSTACEA DROMIIDAE
Sponge Crab sp.This crab has a sponge on its carapace.
ARTHROPODA CRUSTACEA DROMIIDAE
Photo by John Coney
Aniculus maximus Edmondson, 1952This hermit found itself with a bit too much of a shell, though the species gets big enough to grow into a triton shell. They are yellow and very hairy, with bands overall.
ARTHROPODA CRUSTACEA DIOGENIDAE
Photo by John Coney
Ciliopagurus strigatus (Herbst, 1804)Cone shell hermits are flat, with orange and red bands, and are not particularly hairy. Size ~2.5cm
ARTHROPODA CRUSTACEA DIOGENIDAE
Photo by John Coney
Calcinus c.f. elegans (H. Milne Edwards, 1836)
To about 2 cm long. Legs are brown with orange bands, antennae are yellow and eye stalks blue. Claws are brown with white spots. Hawaiian populations have been shown to be genetically distinct from populations in other parts of the Pacific.
ARTHROPODA CRUSTACEA DIOGENIDAE
Photo by Phil Lo Cicero
Calcinus guamensis Wooster, 1982
Carapace about 5 mm long. This small hermit crab is white with black eyestalks and ‘knees’, and the antennae are orange.
ARTHROPODA CRUSTACEA DIOGENIDAE
Calcinus haigae Wooster, 1982
Carapace about 5 mm long. This small hermit crab has pinkish purple legs, and the antennae are blue and orange.
ARTHROPODA CRUSTACEA DIOGENIDAE
Photo by John Coney
Calcinus latens (Randall, 1839)
Carapace up to about 10 mm long. This common local crab is green, with the upper regions of the claws black with white dots, and purple striped bands near the tip of each leg. Eyes are black with white or blue spots
ARTHROPODA CRUSTACEA DIOGENIDAE
Dardanus sanguinocarpus Degener, 1925
Carapace up to about 20 mm long. A hairy crab with red and purple splotches on the legs. Eyes are black with yellow stalks.
ARTHROPODA CRUSTACEA DIOGENIDAE
Photo by John Coney
Dardanus megistos (Herbst, 1812)
Crab up to about 30 cm long overall, usually found in triton shells. A large, hairy red crab with white spots and antennae.
ARTHROPODA CRUSTACEA DIOGENIDAE
Photo by John Coney
Dardanus gemmatus (H. Milne Edwards, 1848)
Crab up to about 5 cm long overall, pink with blue-green eyes and two species of anemones on its shell.
ARTHROPODA CRUSTACEA DIOGENIDAE
Photo by John Coney
Dardanus deformis (H. Milne Edwards, 1836)
Crab up to about 5 cm long overall, light brown and cream with yellow eyes and banded legs. It harbors the same species of anemones as D. gemmatus.
ARTHROPODA CRUSTACEA DIOGENIDAE
Photo by Phil Lo Cicero
Unidentified hermit #1
Carapace about 2-3 mm long. This crab is similar to Calcinus hazletti, but may be a juvenile Clibanarius zebra. Found in high subtidal rubble.
ARTHROPODA CRUSTACEA DIOGENIDAE
Unidentified hermit #2
Carapace about 2 mm long. This crab is rather hairy, similar to some local Dardanus species. Found in high subtidal rubble
ARTHROPODA CRUSTACEA DIOGENIDAE
ARTHROPODA CRUSTACEA
Leptochelia dubia (Krøyer)?This small crustacean was about 2 - 3 mm long.
Tanaids are small benthic peracarid crustaceans commonly found in a wide variety of habitats.
TANAIDAE
This small isopod (?) was about 3 mm long.
ARTHROPODA CRUSTACEA
This well camouflaged isopod from Laupahoehoe was about 1.5 mm long.
ARTHROPODA CRUSTACEA
This benthic copepod is about 1 mm long. They are fast swimmers, and this one had to be temporarily immobilized with a cover slip to be photographed. Looks like a harpacticoid, given the short antennae.
ARTHROPODA CRUSTACEA
This benthic copepod is about 2 mm long. This is larger and more colorful than the usual. It also looks like a harpacticoid.
ARTHROPODA CRUSTACEA
Ostracod sp.When sand grains crawl… Ostracods are bivalved benthic crustaceans, about 0.7 mm in size, with various shell forms. This one has lumps.
Micro!
ARTHROPODA CRUSTACEA
Ostracod sp.This one has a smooth shell and is a bit smaller (about 0.6 mm), these are typically black and white. Because of its excessive flailing (left), I slowed it down temporarily with a cover slip (right).
Micro!
ARTHROPODA CRUSTACEA
Ostracod sp.This one has a smooth brown shell, about 0.4 mm long
Micro!
ARTHROPODA CRUSTACEA
Ostracod sp.This one from Laupahoehoe is hairy, and is about 1mm long.
Micro!
ARTHROPODA CRUSTACEA
Pycnogonid sp.This tiny sea spider from Laupahoehoe covers itself with sand, and is about 5 mm long (leg span). The urchin spine provides some idea of scale.
Micro!
ARTHROPODA CHELICERIFORMES