COMMONLY USED

RAT KILLERPOISONS

Commonly used rat killer poisons

1. Barium carbonate2. Zinc phosphide3. Anticoagulants4. Yellow phosphorus

Steel gray crystalline powder with garlic odour

MOA: reacts with acid in stomach and liberates phosphine

SYMPTOMS; vomiting,diarrhoea,cyanosis,dyspnoea, pulmonary edema,bradycardia,coma death

FATAL DOSE; 5 gms

Trade names; RAT FREE,RAT BUSTER,RATOL GRANULES

ZINC PHOSPHIDE

GASTRIC LAVAGE: With 1. 1:5000 potassium permanganate solution, 2. 0.2% copper sulphate solution 3. 3-5% solution of sodium bicarbonate 4. 1 ounce of milk of magnesia or beaten

white of 2-3 eggs

TREATMENT

Class Examples

Coumarins/4-hydroxycoumarins

•First generation: warfarin, coumatetralyl•Second generation: difenacoum, brodifacoum, flocoumafen and bromadiolone.

1,3-indandionesdiphacinone, chlorophacinone, pindone

ANTI COAGULANTS

Available as RODENTICIDE CAKES

Fatal dose-120 mg

Fatal period-30 mins – 3 months

TRADE NAME :

ROBAN(bromodiolone 0.005%)

COUMARINS

Inhibits the synthesis of vitamin k dependant factors

Increases the capillary permeability and thereby producing internal haemorrhage

Lethal haemorrhages even with smaller doses of modern and more toxic compounds

MECHANISM OF ACTION

Begins several days after ingestion Nose bleeds Bleeding gums Haematuria Malaena Extensive Ecchymosis Shock and death

Clinical features

Phytonadione is preferrable ( ORAL)Adults and children over 12 yrs : 15-25

mgChildren under 12 yrs : 5-

10 mg

Colloidal preparation can be given I.MAbove 12 yrs : 5-10 mgUnder 12 yrs : 1-5 mg

Patient should be observed atleast 4- 5 days after ingestion

TREATMENT

A translucent garlicky paste

MOA: protoplasmic poison,affecting cellular oxidation

TRADE NAME:

RATOL PASTE(15gm)

YELLOW PHOSPHOROUS

PRIMARY:

Occurs within 2-6 hrs,lasts for 2 days Predominant GI symptoms Garlic odour(fumes of phosphoric acid)

Death-CARDIAC FAILURE,SHOCK

SYMPTOMS

SECONDARY : Lasts for 2-7 days Due to delayed absorption Predominantly affects liver and kidney Jaundice,abdominal pain,oliguria CNS: insomnia,irritability, impaired

vision,tinnitus,cramps,paralysis Pathology: 1.early stage-enlarged liver due to fatty

degeneration(NECROBIOSIS) 2.late stage-shrunken liver due to necrosis

(acute yellow atrophy)

Purpura and epistaxis due to hypoprothrombinemia

Death-HEPATIC AND RENAL FAILURE

Fatal dose-60 to 120 mg Fatal period-1-6 days

Contnd….

Gastric lavage using 1. 0.5% potassium permanganate (also

acts as chemical antidote) 2. 0.2% copper sulphate solution 3. 3-5% solution of sodium bicarbonate VIT K : 20 mg iv Blood transfusion Dextrose Calcium gluconate Dialysis

Treatment

THOSE REQUIRING ORDINARY CARE Zinc phosphide Norbromide Red squill THOSE REQUIRING MAXIMAL PRECAUTIONS Sodium fluoroacetate Fluoro acetamide Strychnine TOO DANGEROUS FOR USE Phosphorus Arsenic trioxide Thallium sulphate

WHO CLASSIFICATION

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