Marcello Arosio RISCHI ASSOCIATI AI CAMBIAMENTI CLIMATICI

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Transcript of Marcello Arosio RISCHI ASSOCIATI AI CAMBIAMENTI CLIMATICI

Marcello Arosio

RISCHI ASSOCIATI AI

CAMBIAMENTI CLIMATICI

Udine - Valdelsa 28 Marzo 2018

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Marcello Arosio

• Ingegnere Civile & Dottorando allo IUSS di Pavia; • 5 anni d’esperienza nello mondo del rischio • Specialista in DRR and CCA in Vietnam per l’ONU

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Fonte: “Cambiamenti climatici e le politiche ambientali e Territoriali Prof. Stefano Caserini - D.I.C.A. Sez. Ambientale, Politecnico di Milano”

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Fonte: “Cambiamenti climatici e le politiche ambientali e Territoriali Prof. Stefano Caserini - D.I.C.A. Sez. Ambientale, Politecnico di Milano”

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With the contribution of the LIFE financial

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• Ondate di calore • Siccità • Alluvioni • Cicloni tropicali

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••

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Esposto

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Stephenson D., Definition, diagnosis and origin of extreme weather and climate events, Climate, Extremes and Society, Cambridge University Press, 2008

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Tempo (anni)

Grandezza Intensità

2 3 5 5 2 2 4 4 = 3 anni in media

Valore con tempo di ritorno pari a 3 anni

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Studio conoscitivo dei cambiamenti climatici e di alcuni loro impatti in Friuli Venezia Giulia – Marzo 2018

Andamento delle temperature medie annuali nel periodo 1961-2016 per la

pianura del Friuli Venezia Giulia

linea tratteggiata rappresenta l’andamento

delle temperature medie nei diversi decenni.

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Introduzione ai cambiamenti climatici in Friuli Venezia Giulia - ARPA FVG - OSMER Osservatorio Meteorologico Regionale.

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Introduzione ai cambiamenti climatici in Friuli Venezia Giulia - ARPA FVG - OSMER Osservatorio Meteorologico Regionale.

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Introduzione ai cambiamenti climatici in Friuli Venezia Giulia - ARPA FVG - OSMER Osservatorio Meteorologico Regionale.

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Studio conoscitivo dei cambiamenti climatici e di alcuni loro impatti in Friuli Venezia Giulia – Marzo 2018

Estate Autunno

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R P V E =

RISK

Vulnerability

Exposure

Hazard

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È la probabilità che accada un evento

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E’ il grado di danno che può conseguire da un evento

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E’ il valore delle cose che possono trovarsi a rischio

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“… questa casa ha una probablità del 20% di essere inondata”

Pericolosità

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“… questa casa sarebbe danneggiata al 30% da un alluvione ”

Vulnerabilità

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“… il valore di questa casa è € 100.000”

Esposizione

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R P V E =

20% 30% 100.000 € 6.000 € =

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R H V E =

Magnitudo

pro

bab

ilità

% D

ann

o

Magnitudo

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R H V E =

Dan

no

(€

)

Tempo di ritorno

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R H V E =

Modelli idraulici

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R H V E =

Modelli di danno

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R H V E =

Modelli di danno

Magnitudo dell’evento

Gra

do

di d

ann

o

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R H V E = Il patrimonio / Il portafoglio

€ €

€ € €

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R H V E =

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2.

2.1 La pericolosità

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Grandi quantità d’acqua

che precipitano in breve tempo

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L’uso del suolo

AUMENTA le portate,

i volumi e la velocità

L’uso del suolo

DIMINUISCE

il tempo di corrivazione

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Esondazione di un corso d’acqua

in occasione di piene

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Una precipitazione di durata pari al tempo di

corrivazione si dice critica in quanto alla

sezione di chiusura arriveranno

contemporaneamente gli afflussi da tutto il

bacino

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Area

Satura

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Movimenti in terra molto spesso innescati da forti precipitazioni

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un lungo periodo con alte temperature e poche precipitazioni

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Precipitazione intense di chicchi e grani ghiacciati

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Generate da grande differenza di temperatura tra masse d’aria associate a venti di altissima intensità

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Scarica elettrica che avviene tra l’atmosfera e la terra a causa della loro carica elettrostatica

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Modelli Meteo

Rischio

Esposizione &

Vulnerabilità

e idraulici

Modelli idrologici

Modelli Climatici

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Necessità di individuare il fenomeno e

produrne una corretta rappresentazione

fisica e probabilistica

Cambiamenti Climatici

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2.2 La vulnerabilità

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Evento Danno

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Magnitudo dell’hazard

Grado del danno

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Studi condotti

su modelli in

scala

Flo

w D

ep

th

Flow Velocity

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Relazione Tirante-Velocità

Stabilità Umana

0.00

0.50

1.00

0 1 2 3 4 5

Velocità, m/s

Tir

an

te i

dri

co

, m

CSU (Abt et al., 1989)

HUT (Maijala et al., 2001)

Uh = 0.6 mq/s

Monolite (Abt et al., 1989)

campo dei valori sperimentali

Flo

w D

ep

th

Flow Velocity

Esperimenti in

laboratorio

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Tirante, cm100806040200

1

2

3

4

0

Ve

locità

, m

/s

Scale tests (Cacioli Paciscopi,

1999)

Relazione Tirante-Velocità

Mobilizzazione di veicoli

0.00

0.50

1.00

0 1 2 3 4 5

Velocità, m/sT

ira

nte

id

ric

o,

m

h = 0.65 - 0.18U

campo dei valori sperimentali

valori sperimentali

Flo

w D

ep

th

Flow Velocity

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Effetti (Danni) Evento (Sinistro) Cause (Azioni)

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1. Azioni idrodinamiche

2. Azioni idrostatiche

3. Azioni di erosione

4. Azioni di galleggiamento

5. Azioni dei detriti

6. Azioni non fisiche

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I

Tempo

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pianta

Trascinamento

Sfondamento: - portoni - finestre - cancelli

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Collasso fondazioni Pressione idrostatica

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h

Danni

Attenzione all’utilizzo di curve altezza-danno

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Area alluvionata

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Per il principio di Archimede “un corpo immerso in un fluido in equilibrio subisce una spinta diretta dal basso verso l'alto di intensità pari al peso del volume del fluido spostato”.

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• Spinta di galleggiamento • Pressione idrostatica laterale

• Nessuna azione sulle strutture

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(1) Erosione

(2) Sedimentazione

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prima

dopo

€osti per lo smaltimento !

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Prima Dopo

Monterosso 2011

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Prima Dopo

Monterosso 2011

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(1) Azioni chimiche

(2) Azioni biologiche

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Detersivi Tinture

Vegetazione

Rifiuti industriali Fognatura

Drenaggio urbano Microorganismi

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Calcestruzzo

Aggressione chimica

Legno Pareti

Ammuffimento Legno

Formazione muffe e funghi

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E’ interessante analizzare l’evoluzione temporale dei danni risultante dalle diverse

dinamiche temporali dei fenomeni fisici e dai diversi tempi di reazione a ciascuno di essi

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v

h

u

s

c

b

Velocità idrodinamica

Altezza idrometrica

Umidità

Sedimentazione detriti

Aggressione chimica

Aggressione biologica

tempo

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19/04/2018 90

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Modellodidanno

Variabilidell’eventofis

ico

Cara eris chedelbeneesposto

Valoredelbeneesposto

www.floodloss.eu

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Modello di danno

Variabili dell’evento fisico

Caratteristiche del bene esposto

Valore del bene esposto

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19/04/2018 96

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Danno

Costi bonifica Bonifica

Pulizia

Ripristini

Strutturale

Fondazioni

St. portanti verticali

St. portanti orizzontali

Non-Strutturale

Tamponamenti e tramezzi

Intonaci

Rifiniture

Porte e finistre

Impianti

Demolizioni e sgomberi

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Variable Description Unit of

measure

Range of

values

Default value

he Water depth

outside the

building

m >=0 [0;5] step=0.1 m

v Maximum velocity

of the water

perpendicularly to

the building

m/s >=0 0

s Sediment load % on the water

volume

[0;100] 0

d Duration of the

flood event

hours >0 0

q Contaminant load % on thw water

volume [0;100] 0

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Variable Description Unit of

measure

Range of values Default value

FA Footprint area m2 > 0 100

NF Number of floors - ≥ 1 3

EP External perimeter m > 0 40

IP Internal perimeter m > 0 2.5*EP

BA Basement area m2 ≥ 0 25

OA Other stuff area

(at the ground

level)

m2 ≥ 0 10

BT Building type - 1=Detached, 2=Semi-detached

3=Apartment house

1

BS Building structure - 1=Reinforced concrete, 2=Unreinforced

masonry

3=Reinforced masonry, 4=Wood

1

PD Heating Plant

distribution

- 1=centralized

2=distributed

1 if YY≤1980

2 otherwise

PT Heating plant Type - 1=radiator

2=pavement

2 if YY>2000 and FL>1

1 otherwise

FL Finishing level - 0.8= low, 1=medium

1.2=high

1

YY Year of

construction

- ≥ 0 1994

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Scenari climatici e ambientali

intensità Mitagazioni strutturali e

non strutturali Intensità ridotte

Mappe di pericolosità

Dati economici Dati sociali Dati ambientali

Mitigazione economica

Mitigazione sociale Mitigazione ambientale

Funzioni di danno economiche

Funzioni di danno sociale

Funzioni di danno ambientale

Analisi multi criterio

Valutazione del rischio alluvione

Hazard

Exposure

Vulnerability

R I S K

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LIFE DERRIS - DisastEr Risk Reduction InSurance

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LIFE DERRIS - DisastEr Risk Reduction InSurance

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Penning-Roswell, E., and Wilson, T. Gauging the impact of natural hazards: the pattern and cost of emergency response during flood events. Transactions of the Institute of British Geographers 31, 2 (2006), 99–115 Merz, B., Kreibich, H., Schwarze, R., and Thieken, A. Assessment of economic flood damage. Natural Hazards Earth System Science 10 (2010), 1697–1724

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instrument of the European Community

LIFE DERRIS - DisastEr Risk Reduction InSurance

info@derris.eu - www.derris.eu

19/04/2018 105

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instrument of the European Community

LIFE DERRIS - DisastEr Risk Reduction InSurance

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Rinaldi SM, Peerenboom JP, Kelly TK. Identifying, understanding, and analyzing critical infrastructure interdependencies. IEEE Control Systems Magazine 2001;21(6):11–25.

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LIFE DERRIS - DisastEr Risk Reduction InSurance

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With the contribution of the LIFE financial

instrument of the European Community

LIFE DERRIS - DisastEr Risk Reduction InSurance

info@derris.eu - www.derris.eu

19/04/2018 107

With the contribution of the LIFE financial

instrument of the European Community

LIFE DERRIS

DisastEr Risk Reduction InSurance

info@derris.eu

www.derris.eu

Grazie per la vostra attenzione!!!