Post on 11-Feb-2016
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MANIFEST DESTINY
1818-1853
The Oregon Country Essential Question:
How did the belief in Manifest Destiny influence Western settlement?
Mountain Men Fur traders were first to reach the
Oregon CountryTraded for fur with Native AmericansTrapped beaver in the Rocky MountainsMany had Native American wives and
adopted Native American waysOnce beaver became scarce, many
settled into farming
The Whitman Mission Many early settlers were missionaries
Wanted to bring Christianity to Native Americans
Brought diseases that sometimes led to Native American backlash
White settlers moved west anyway
The Oregon Trail Panic of 1837 caused unrest and
desire for a better life Tens of thousands of people decided
to make the trip to Oregon2,000 mile journeyPacked up their life into prairie
schoonersVery difficult and dangerous
The Oregon Trail
Rock Avenue
Manifest Destiny Many people began to believe that it
was the mission of the United States to spread freedom by occupying the entire continentBelieved that God set the United States
apart for a special purpose: To extend its boundaries
“Fifty-Four Forty or Fight” James K. Polk campaign slogan
(Election of 1844) Tension between the US and Britain
about where Canada border should be set
Compromise set boundary at 49N latitude
Answer the Essential Question How did the belief in Manifest Destiny
influence Western settlement?
Painting Analysis 1. What do you see in the picture? Describe the details.
2. What do you think the painter is trying to say in this painting?
3. List three things you think the painter has shown you that are important to his message.
4. What are two images in this painting that you think might not appeal to a viewer today.
5. Write a question to the painter that you think is not answered by his painting.
Independence for Texas Essential Question:
Why did Texas fight for their independence from Mexico?
Land Grants People living in Texas
TejanosNative Americans (Comanche, Apache,
Kiowa) Mexico wanted to attract farmers and
settlers – offered large land grantsAttracted many people from the United
States
Growing Tension Growing number of Americans alarmed
Mexican governmentStopped all US immigration through TexasDiscouraged trade with US through Taxes
New policies angered TexansDepended on US tradeMexican government planned to abolish slavery
which angered slave holders Antonio Lopez de Santa Anna overthrows
Mexican government and war seems unavoidable
The Struggle for Independence The Battle of the Alamo
Santa Anna marched toward San Antonio angry that Texans had captured it
Attacked small force of Texans barricaded inside a small mission called the Alamo
After 12 days, Santa Anna entered the Alamo and killed all defenders
The battle bought Texans much needed time
Texas Declares Independence Texans declared their independence
under leadership of Sam Houston Battle Cry: “Remember the Alamo!” 1836 – Texans captured Santa Anna
who signed a peace treaty
The Lone Star Republic Andrew Jackson refused to annex
Texas Would upset the balance between slave
states and free states Texans elected Sam Houston
president
The Road to Statehood Difficulty with Mexico and fear of
upsetting the balance between slave states and free states caused many presidents to avoid annexing Texas
1844 – James K. Polk favored annexation of Texas due to the growing popularity of the idea of Manifest DestinyTexas joined the Union in 1845
The New Mexico Territory Many saw New Mexico as the
Manifest Destiny of the United States California was settled by Mexicans but
many Americans began to talk about adding it to the UnionMild climateNatural resourcesPacific Ocean offered
protection and trade
War with Mexico War broke out between the US and
Mexico President Polk saw California and
New Mexico as part of the United States
After much fighting, US controlled California and captured Mexico City1847 – Mexican government surrendered
The United States Expands Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo
Mexico gives up claim to TexasRio Grande decided as borderMexican Cession: U.S. bought California
and New Mexico for $15 million 1853 – Gadsden Purchase: U.S.
bought strip of land for $10 million that expanded the country to its present size (mainland)
Making Connections How did Mexican lands in the West become
part of the United States?
Why did James K. Polk and the American people hesitate to annex Texas? Why did they finally support the annexation of Texas?
Answer the Essential Question: Why did Texans fight for their independence from Mexico?
California Essential Question:
What factors affected the settlement of California?
American Diary From early 1848 – when John Sutter
discovered gold in California – until late 1849, the population of California increased form 15,000 to 100,000. Wild-eyed prospectors came from all over the world. “Farmers left their fields untilled and went off… workmen quit their jobs without notice… In every town… one might buy gold-seekers’ manuals, guides and maps.”
From The Way Our People Lived
California Gold Rush Discovery of Gold in 1848 led to rapid
growthForty-ninersOregon Trail or Santa Fe TrailMany Californios lost their land
Boomtowns (San Francisco)
Gold Rush Most forty-niners had no experience
miningAttacked hillsides with pickaxes and shovels“Washed” and “panned” over streambedsMost found little or no goldMany lost what they found gambling and
spending wildly Boomtown merchants
Could charge whatever they wanted for supplies
Made huge profits
Gold Rush Society Mining camps: Many men and few
women Men spent free time drinking, gambling
and fighting No police or prisons led to formation of
vigilantes
Economic and Political Progress Many people who arrived looking for
gold eventually settled Leads to growth in agriculture, trade
and business Rapid population growth caused
desire for statehoodCalifornia joins the Union in 1850
Making Connections How did the Gold Rush affect
California’s population?
Answer the Essential Question: What factors affected the settlement of California?