Managing Resources

Objectives

After completing this lesson, you should be able to do the following:

• Set up Database Resource Manager

• Assign users to Resource Manager groups

• Create resource plans within groups

OLTP More resources

DSSuser

OLTPuser

Database resource manager

DSS Less resources Oracle

Database

Overview

• Manage mixed workload

• Control system performance

Resource plan directives

Database ResourceManager Concepts

User groups or sessions with similar resource needs

A blueprint for resource allocation among resource consumer groups (one active plan)

Specifies how a resource is divided among the resource consumer groups

Resource consumer

Resource plan

Resource Manager Configurations

• You can manage database and operating system resources, such as:– CPU usage– Number of active sessions– Degree of parallelism– Undo generation– Operation execution time– Idle time

• You can also specify criteria that, if met, causes the automatic switching of sessions to another consumer group.

The Initial Plan: SYSTEM_PLAN

Resource ConsumerGroup

Allocation Methods

CPU_P1 CPU_P2 CPU_P3

SYS_GROUP 100% 0% 0%

OTHER_GROUPS 0% 100% 0%

LOW_GROUP 0% 0% 100%

Creating a New Resource Plan

There are three ways to create a new resource plan:

• Use Enterprise Manager

• Use the CREATE_SIMPLE_PLAN procedure of DBMS_RESOURCE_MANAGER

• Use the procedures in the DBMS_RESOURCE_MANAGER package to create a complex plan.

Creating a Simple Plan

BEGIN DBMS_RESOURCE_MANAGER.CREATE_SIMPLE_PLAN( SIMPLE_PLAN => 'simple_plan1', CONSUMER_GROUP1 => 'mygroup1', GROUP1_CPU => 80, CONSUMER_GROUP2 => 'mygroup2', GROUP2_CPU => 20);END;

Oracle Enterprise Manager:Resource Manager

Active Session Pool Mechanism

OLTP Users

Active_sess_pool_P1=5

DSS Users

Active_sess_pool_P1=3

Sess6 Sess7

p001 p002 p003

DSSActive

SessionQueue

Sess10

Sess1 Sess2

Sess5Sess4

Setting the Active Session Pool

Example:

• OLTP: Set no limit on concurrent active sessions

• BATCH: Set to limit concurrent active sessions to 5

• QUEUEING_P1, set to 600, aborts all operations that wait on the queue for more than ten minutes

ONLINE

ACTIVE SESSION POOL

No limits

ACTIVE_SESS_POOL_P1 = 5

QUEUEING_P1 = 600

Maximum Estimated Execution Time

• The Database Resource Manager can estimate the execution time of an operation proactively.

• A DBA can specify a maximum estimated execution time for an operation at the resource consumer group level.

• Operation will not start if the estimate is longer than MAX_EST_EXEC_TIME.

• The benefit of this feature is the elimination of the exceptionally large job that uses too many system resources.

• The default is UNLIMITED.

Setting Idle Timeouts

DBMS_RESOURCE_MANAGER.CREATE_PLAN_DIRECTIVE (PLAN => 'DAY_PLAN', GROUP_OR_SUBPLAN => 'DSS_GROUP', COMMENT => 'Limit Idle Time Example', MAX_IDLE_TIME => 600, MAX_IDLE_BLOCKER_TIME => 300);

Switching Back to the Initial Consumer Group at End of Call

DBMS_RESOURCE_MANAGER.CREATE_PLAN_DIRECTIVE (PLAN => 'Day_Plan', GROUP_OR_SUBPLAN => 'LONGRUN_GROUP', CPU_P1 => 0, CPU_P2 => 100);

DBMS_RESOURCE_MANAGER.CREATE_PLAN_DIRECTIVE (PLAN => 'Day_Plan', GROUP_OR_SUBPLAN => 'DSS_GROUP', CPU_P1 => 100, CPU_P2 => 0, SWITCH_GROUP => 'LONGRUN_GROUP', SWITCH_TIME_IN_CALL => 600);

At call end

Call 1

Call 2

Creating Resource Consumer Groups

Assigning Users to Consumer Groups

Automatic Consumer Group Switching

ONLINE Group

BATCH Group

Sess1 Sess2

Sess4 Sess5

SWITCH_GROUP=BATCH_GROUPSWITCH_TIME_IN_CALL=180SWITCH_ESTIMATE=TRUE

SWITCH_GROUP=ONLINE_GROUPSWITCH_TIME=43200

SWITCH_ESTIMATE=FALSE

Automatic Consumer Group Switching

ONLINE Group

Sess1 Sess2

SELECT c.cust_last_name, line_item_id, product_idFROM customers c, orders o, order_itemsWHERE c.customer_id = ...;

SWITCH_GROUP='CANCEL_SQL'

SWITCH_TIME=300

SWITCH_ESTIMATE=TRUE

Configuring Consumer Group Switching

Adaptive Consumer Group Mapping

Creating a Mapping Using DBMS_RESOURCE_MANAGER

DBMS_RESOURCE_MANAGER.SET_CONSUMER_GROUP_MAPPING (DBMS_RESOURCE_MANAGER.ORACLE_USER, 'PDML', 'DSS_GROUP');

DBMS_RESOURCE_MANAGER.SET_CONSUMER_GROUP_MAPPING (DBMS_RESOURCE_MANAGER.ORACLE_USER, 'TP1', 'OLTP_GROUP');

DBMS_RESOURCE_MANAGER.SET_CONSUMER_GROUP_MAPPING (DBMS_RESOURCE_MANAGER.CLIENT_OS_USER, 'BILL', 'MANAGER_GROUP');

DBMS_RESOURCE_MANAGER.SET_CONSUMER_GROUP_MAPPING_PRI(EXPLICIT => 1, -- highest SERVICE_MODULE => 2, SERVICE_MODULE_ACTIONS => 3, MODULE_NAME_ACTION => 4, MODULE_NAME => 5, SERVICE_NAME => 6, ORACLE_USER => 9, CLIENT_PROGRAM => 8, CLIENT_OS_USER => 7, CLIENT_MACHINE => 10); -- lowest

Assigning Priorities Using DBMS_RESOURCE_MANAGER

BUG MAINT Group

70% @ L1

MYDB PLAN

30% @ L1

Using Sub-Plans to Limit CPU Utilization

MAILDBPLAN

ONLINEGroup

BATCHGroup

DELIVERYGroup

MAILSORTGroup

OTHERGroups

BUGDB PLAN

100% @ L2 100% @ L2

100% @ L3

100% @ L1 20% @ L180% @ L1

BUG MAINT Group

70% @ L1

MYDB PLAN

Limiting CPU Utilization: Example

ONLINEGroup

BATCHGroup

20% @ L180% @ L1

BUGDB PLAN

100% @ L2

30% @ L1

100% @ L1

100% @ L2

MAILDBPLAN

DELIVERYGroup

MAILSORTGroup

OTHERGroups

100% @ L3

Creating a Complex Plan

Resource Allocation Methods for Resource Plans

Parameter Possible Values

CPU_MTH EMPHASIS

PARALLEL_DEGREE_LIMIT_MTH PARALLEL_DEGREE_LIMIT_ABSOLUTE

ACTIVE_SESS_POOL_MTH ACTIVE_SESS_POOL_ABSOLUTE

QUEUING_MTH FIFO_TIMEOUT

Comparison of EMPHASIS and RATIO

EMPHASIS RATIO

The value specifies the maximum percentage of CPU resources a consumer group can use.

The value specifies a number that indicates the ratio of CPU resources to be allocated to the consumer group.

You can allocate resources for up to 8 different levels.

You can only specify values for one level.

The sum of percentages at any given level must be less than or equal to 100.

You must use integer values, but there is no limit on the sum of values.

Default value is NULL. Default value is NULL.

Resource Allocation Methods for Consumer Groups

Parameter Possible Values

CPU_MTH ROUND_ROBIN

RUN_TO_COMPLETION

Administering the Resource Manager

• Grant privileges to administer the Resource Manager to users

• Activate a plan for the database instance

• Switch the current group for users or sessions with the package DBMS_RESOURCE_MANAGER or DBMS_SESSION

• Monitoring Resource Manager objects:– Consumer groups– Resource plans– Resource plan directives– Resource consumer group mappings

Assigning Resource Manager Privileges

Setting the Resource Plan for an Instance

DECLARE

old_grp VARCHAR2(32);

DBMS_SESSION.SWITCH_CURRENT_CONSUMER_GROUP (

new_consumer_group => 'ONLINE_GROUP',

old_consumer_group => old_grp,

initial_group_on_error => FALSE );

Changing a Consumer GroupWithin a Session

The user or the application can manually switch the current consumer group.

Changing Consumer Groups for Sessions

• Can be set by DBA for a session

• Can be set by DBA for all sessions for a user

EXEC DBMS_RESOURCE_MANAGER.SWITCH_CONSUMER_GROUP_FOR_SESS ( -

session_id => 7, -

session_serial => 13, -

consumer_group => 'ONLINE_GROUP');

EXEC DBMS_RESOURCE_MANAGER.SWITCH_CONSUMER_GROUP_

FOR_USER ( -

user => 'SCOTT', -

consumer_group => 'BUG_MAINT_GROUP');

Database Resource Manager Information

View Name Information

DBA_RSRC_PLANS plans and status

DBA_RSRC_PLAN_DIRECTIVES plan directives

DBA_RSRC_CONSUMER_GROUPS consumer groups

DBA_RSRC_CONSUMER_GROUP_PRIVS users/roles

DBA_USERS columninitial_rsrc_ consumer_group

DBA_RSRC_MANAGER_SYSTEM_PRIVS users/roles

Resource Plan Directives

SQL> SELECT plan, group_or_subplan, cpu_p1, cpu_p2, 2 cpu_p3, parallel_degree_limit_p1, status 3 FROM DBA_RSRC_PLAN_DIRECTIVES;

Monitoring the Resource Manager

• V$SESSION: Contains the resource_consumer_group column that shows the current group for a session

• V$RSRC_PLAN: A view that shows the active resource plan

• V$RSRC_CONSUMER_GROUP: A view that contains statistics for all active groups

Summary

In this lesson, you should have learned how to do the following:

• Set up Database Resource Manager

• Assign users to Resource Manager groups

• Create resource plans within groups

Practice 16 Overview: Using the Resource Manager

This practice covers the following topics:

• Creating resource consumer groups

• Specifying CPU resource allocation directives for consumer groups

• Associating users with a resource consumer group using Adaptive Consumer Group Mapping

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