Managing peoples & organizations(part2)

Personality

Individuals

05/03/2023 By: Masoud khojastehfar

What is personality?

The psychological qualities that influence an individual’s characteristic behavior patterns, in a stable and distinctive manner.

– Combines a set of physical and mentalcharacteristics that reflect how a person looks,thinks, acts, and feels.– Predictable relationships are expected betweenpeople’s personalities and their behaviors

personality

Nature

nurture

Nomothetic Approach

• The term “nomothetic” comes from the Greek word “nomos” meaning “law”. Psychologists who adopt this approach are mainly concerned with studying what we share with others. That is to say in establishing laws or generalizations.

Idiographic Approach

• The term “idiographic” comes from the Greek word “idios” meaning “own” or “private”. Psychologists interested in this aspect of experience want to discover what makes each of us unique.

Types and Traits

• Types : is a descriptive label for a distinct pattern of personality characteristics, such as introvert, extrovert, neurotic

• Traits: is a relatively stable quality or attribute of an individuals personality , influencing behavior in a particular direction

Sigmund freud (1856-1937) personality theory

Hippocrates’ type theory of Personality(450-377BC)

William Sheldon(1898-1970)

• Carl Gustav Jung• Psychiatrist• Carl Gustav Jung, often referred to as just C. G. Jung, was a Swiss

psychiatrist and psychotherapist who founded analytical psychology. • Born: July 26, 1875, Kesswil, Switzerland• Died: June 6, 1961, Küsnacht, Switzerland• Spouse: Emma Jung (m. 1903–1955)• Education: University of Basel, University of Zurich

The introvert

• The introvert is most aware of his or her inner world. While the external world is still perceived, it is not pondered as seriously as inward movement of psychic energy. The introverted attitude is more concerned with subjective appraisal and often gives more consideration to fantasies and dreams.

The extrovert

• The extrovert, by contrast, is characterized by the outward movement of psychic energy. This attitude places more importance on objectivity and gains more influence from the surrounding environment than by inner cognitive processes.

Feeling & Thinking

• feeling — is the method by which a person understands the value of conscious activity. Another function — thinking — allows a person to understand the meanings of things. This process relies on logic and careful mental activity.

sensation & intuition

• sensation and intuition — may seem very similar, but there is an important distinction. Sensation refers to the means by which a person knows something exists and intuition is knowing about something without conscious understanding of where that knowledge comes from.

Carl Jung Theory• Extroverted Thinking – Jung theorized that people

understand the world through a mix of concrete ideas and abstract ones, but the abstract concepts are ones passed down from other people. Extroverted thinkers are often found working in the research sciences and mathematics.

• introverted Thinking – These individuals interpret stimuli in the environment through a subjective and creative way. The interpretations are informed by internal knowledge and understanding. Philosophers and theoretical scientists are often introverted thinking-oriented people.

Carl Jung Theory• Extroverted Feeling – These people judge the value of things

based on objective fact. Comfortable in social situations, they form their opinions based on socially accepted values and majority beliefs. They are often found working in business and politics.

• Introverted Feeling – These people make judgments based on subjective ideas and on internally established beliefs. Oftentimes they ignore prevailing attitudes and defy social norms of thinking. Introverted feeling people thrive in careers as art critics.

Carl Jung Theory• Extroverted Sensing – These people perceive the world as it

really exists. Their perceptions are not colored by any pre-existing beliefs. Jobs that require objective review, like wine tasters and proofreaders, are best filled by extroverted sensing people.

• Introverted Sensing – These individuals interpret the world through the lens of subjective attitudes and rarely see something for only what it is. They make sense of the environment by giving it meaning based on internal reflection. Introverted sensing people often turn to various arts, including portrait painting and classical music.

Carl Jung Theory• Extroverted Intuitive– These people prefer to understand the meanings of

things through subliminally perceived objective fact rather than incoming sensory information. They rely on hunches and often disregard what they perceive directly from their senses. Inventors that come upon their invention via a stroke of insight and some religious reformers are characterized by the extraverted intuitive type.

• introverted Intuitive – These individuals, Jung thought, are profoundly influenced by their internal motivations even though they do not completely understand them. They find meaning through unconscious, subjective ideas about the world. Introverted intuitive people comprise a significant portion of mystics, surrealistic artists, and religious fanatics.

Developed the Myers-Briggs Type Indicator (MBTI.)

Based on Jung Theory they established 16Personality type

Still widely used across a range of organizational contexts

05/03/2023By: Masoud khojastehfar

Katherine Briggs and Isabel Mayers

Managing peoples & organizations(part2)

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