Post on 03-Jan-2016
description
Mammals
• 4,629 species• Phylum Chordata
"back-boned animals"
Four Distinct Features
Mammal Characteristics
• Subphylum Vertebrata
Vertebrates = true back-bone
- Vertebral column or backbone, generally replaces notocord
- Brain enclosed in cranial cavity (e.g., skull)
- Endoskeleton
Mammal Characteristics
• Class Mammalia – Subclass Prototheria
– Subclass Theria
Mammal Characteristics
• Class Mammalia
Distinguishing Features
Mammal Characteristics
*Exception to the Rule:
1) monotremes:
2) marsupials:
Mammals in Michigan
9 Orders of Mammals in MI– Didelphimorphia– Insectivora– Chiroptera– Primates– Carnivora– Perissodactyla– Artiodactyla– Lagomorpha– Rodentia
A. Monotremes (Order Montremata)
e.g, echidnas & duck-billed platypus
MAMMALIAN DIVERSITY: AN MAMMALIAN DIVERSITY: AN ORDERLY OVERVIEWORDERLY OVERVIEW
MAMMALIAN DIVERSITY: MAMMALIAN DIVERSITY: AN ORDERLY OVERVIEWAN ORDERLY OVERVIEW
B. Marsupials
1. South American Marsupials
a. Order Didelphimorphia
Wooly opossum Virginia opossum Mouse opossum
B. Marsupials
2. Australian Marsupials
a. Order Dasyuromorphia
MAMMALIAN DIVERSITY: MAMMALIAN DIVERSITY: AN ORDERLY OVERVIEWAN ORDERLY OVERVIEW
Tasmanian devil
B. Marsupials
2. Australian Marsupials
b. Order Peramelemorphia
MAMMALIAN DIVERSITY: MAMMALIAN DIVERSITY: AN ORDERLY OVERVIEWAN ORDERLY OVERVIEW
Rabbit-eared bandicoot
B. Marsupials
2. Australian Marsupials
c. Order Diprotodontia…
MAMMALIAN DIVERSITY: MAMMALIAN DIVERSITY: AN ORDERLY OVERVIEWAN ORDERLY OVERVIEW
Feather-tail gliderEastern gray kangaroo
KoalaKoala
Honey possum
C. Placental Mammals–Order Xenarthra (= Edentata)
(anteaters, sloths, armadillos)
Giant anteater Nine-banded armadilloNine-banded armadillo
C. Placental Mammals
– Order Insectivora
(shrews, moles, tenrecs)
Short-tailed shrewShort-tailed shrew Eastern mole
Streaked tenrec
C. Placental Mammals–Order Dermoptera
(colugos)
C. Placental Mammals–Order Chiroptera
(bats)
Mastiff batMastiff bat
C. Placental Mammals–Order Primates
(lemurs, monkeys, apes, humans)
Ring-tailed lem
ur
Orang-utan
Japanese macacques
C. Placental Mammals
–Order Carnivora
(dogs, cats, weasels, bears, hyenas, mongooses, civets, pinnipeds)
Gray wolf Cheetah
Grizzly bear
California sea lion
C. Placental Mammals–Order Cetacea
(whales, dolphins)• toothed whales (odontocetes)
Orca whale
C. Placental Mammals–Order Cetacea
(whales, dolphins)
• baleen whales (mysticetes)Blue whale
C. Placental Mammals–Order Proboscidea
(elephants)African elephant
C. Placental Mammals–Order Perissodactyla
Odd-toed ungulates(horses, rhinos, tapirs)
Asiatic tapir
–Order ArtiodactylaC. Placental Mammals
Even-toed ungulates(pigs, peccaries, hippos, camels, giraffes, deer, antelope, sheep, goats, cattle)
Dromedary camel Caribou
C. Placental Mammals–Order Lagomorpha
(rabbits, hares, pikas)Rocky Mountain pika
C. Placental Mammals–Order Rodentia
(squirrels, gophers, kangaroo rats, voles, porcupines, capybara)
N. pocket gopher
Prairie vole
Capybara
Mammal Characteristics – Soft Anatomy: Hair/Fur/Pelage
• key distinguishing feature
Dreiartgruppen:
Mammal Characteristics – Soft Anatomy : Hair/Fur/Pelage
Hair = body covering for:1) insulation;
2) coloration
Mammal Characteristics – Soft Anatomy : Hair/Fur/Pelage
2) Coloration
c) disruptive coloration -
d) warning coloration
• Pelage consists of stiff guard hairs and downy underfur
Mammal Characteristics – Soft Anatomy : Hair/Fur/Pelage
• vibrissae:
• - Majority of mammals (excluding humans) molt hair annually or bi-annually
• hair follicle:
• hair: nonliving; consists of dead epidermal cells; strengthened by keratin (a structural protein)
Figure 2-2
Mammal Characteristics – Soft Anatomy : Hair/Fur/Pelage
Structure of Hair
1) medulla: inner layer of cells;
2) cortex: middle layer of cells;
3) cuticular scales:
Figure 2-3
Mammal Characteristics – Soft Anatomy: Special Skin Glands
Mammary glands - milk production for young; key distinguishing feature – Consists of alveoli for
milk secretion – alveoli:
– Alveoli connect to milk ducts which open into nipples
Mammal Characteristics – Soft Anatomy: Special Skin Glands Endocrine Control:
– Mammary gland development linked to
– Milk production stimulated by secretions of prolactin & somatotropin (growth hormone)
– Nursing provides the stimulus to the pituitary to continue prolactin production & lactation
Mammal Characteristics – Soft Anatomy: Special Skin Glands • Endocrine Control:
– Nursing also stimulates the release of oxytocin,