Post on 12-Jan-2016
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Madison and the War of 1812
Libertyville High School
James Madison
• Virginian planter• Follower of Jefferson• Wrote some of the
Federalist Papers• “Father of
Constitution”• Married Dolly (17 yrs
younger), 1794 – she created the role of First Lady Dolly Madison
Madison, as President
“Father of Constitution” & Bill of Rights
• Wrote Virginia Plan• Came up with three
branch government form• Wrote Bill of Rights
– Wanted it part of Constitution, not separate
– Wanted it to apply to states, too (14th , 15th Amendments)
Madison’s notes from Constitutional convention
From F to D-R• Madison very much
opposed to European style government (strong Exec, army)
• Leader of opposition against Hamilton’s Bank (strict interp)
• Worked w/ Jefferson to organize D-R Party
First US Bank, Philadelphia
President Madison & the Bank• Elected in 1808• Allowed Bank of US
to expire in 1811 (20 years after founding)
• During War of 1812, quickly realized how hard it was to fight war without money
• 1815 – asked Congress for new bank
$1 gold coin, minted 2007
Madison: Sliding to War
• Madison tried to avoid war w/ Britain by repealing Non-Intercourse Acts
• British, French continued to harass US shipping
• Madison’s conflicts with “war hawks” Political cartoon on repeal
“Warhawks”• Younger D-Rs from
Western, Southern states (KY, TN, OH & NW Territories)
• Too young to fight in Rev. War
• Desired war against Britain (insults to national pride, etc)
• Most important WHs: Speaker of House Clay, John Calhoun
Henry Clay
John C. Calhoun
War of 1812• Madison built public
support for war– But not enough
money spent preparing for war (army, navy, forts, militias)
• US declared war on June 12, 1812– “Mr. Madison’s War”– “Second War of
Independence”
War of 1812
• Causes of War– Impressment of
Americans– American
Resentment Against British
– British Support of Native Americans Against American Frontier
– American Desire for Canada, Florida
Election of 1812
• Madison challenged by a D-R, DeWitt Clinton, who switched parties, over the War of 1812
• Federalists supported Clinton– Clinton ran as anti-war in
NE, pro-war in South, West
– Closer election than in 1808
Madison: 128 ECVClinton: 89 ECV
Popular Vote:Madison: 50.4%Clinton: 47.6%
War of 1812: Federalist Opposition
• Federalists opposed to war, esp. in New England– Engaged in smuggling w/
Canada– Refused to support troops– Hartford Convention, Dec.
1814• Minority power to nullify
federal laws when deemed to be unconstitutional
• Secession of New England seriously debated
• End of war = end of Federalist Party
Treaty of Ghent, 1815• Exchanged POWs• Established commissions
to work on disputed issues– Trade– Fishing
• Rush-Bagot Agreement (1818)
• Treaty Line of 1818• All lands captured by
British, US returned to previous owners
• Peace! Signing of the Treaty of Ghent
War of 1812: Fun Facts
• Commodore Oliver Perry– Battle of Lake Erie, 1813
(saved Ohio Valley, opened Canada to invasion)
– “We have met the enemy…”
• Francis Scott Key & the Star Spangled Banner– Prisoner exchange late in
war
– British bombardment of Fort McHenry, outside Baltimore
Key, from the British ship
War of 1812: Fun Facts
• Battle of New Orleans (Jan, 1815)– News travels slowly…– Andrew Jackson, US
Commander– Battle: British are mauled– Jackson becomes
national hero
1815: Turning Point in US History
• Upsurge in nationalism
• Upsurge in industrialization
• Upsurge in western settlement
• National attention focused on internal development