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LIFE AFTER KENNEDYTHE GREAT SOCIETY,BEGINNING OF VIETNAM
LYNDON B. JOHNSON
“COUNTRY BUMPKIN”
BORN IN 1908 IN JOHNSON CITY, TEXAS
ORIGINALLY TEACHER-DEMOCRAT
APPOINTED SECRETARY TO SENATOR KLEIBERG IN 1931
DEMOCRAT
JOHNSON’S POLITICAL RESUME
POLITICALLY FUELED SHOWERED IN COMMUNAL BATHROOMS
4X A DAY TO MEET MORE “CONNECTIONS.”
APPOINTED DIRECTOR OF TEXAS NATIONAL YOUTH ADMINISTRATION-1935
1937-ELECTED HOUSE OR REPS INCUMBENT SUDDENLY DIED!
WAR HERO TO SENATOR
FIRST CONGRESSMAN TO VOLUNTEER FOR WORLD WAR 2
ELECTED SENATOR IN 1949
ELECTED VICE-PRESIDENT IN 1960 ALONGSIDE JOHN F. KENNEDY
LIFE CHANGING EXPERIENCE
NOVEMBER 27, 1963 PRESIDENT KENNEDY ASSASSINATED
LYNDON JOHNSON TAKES OATH OF OFFICE ON AIR FORCE ONE
LBJ PRESIDENCY
WRITING PROMPT
FOCUS ACTIVITY
“YOU ARE THE VICE-PRESIDENT OF THE UNITED STATES AND PRESIDENT OBAMA HAS BEEN ASSASSINATED, YOU MUST NOW TAKE OVER AS PRESIDENT, HOW DO YOU PREPARE TO LEAD MOST POWERFUL COUNTRY IN THE WORLD”?
LIST 3-5 THINGS YOU WOULD DO FROM MOST IMPORTANT TO LEAST IMPORTANT
JOHNSON’S PRESIDENCY
CIVIL RIGHTS ACT OF 1964
CONTINUED FROM KENNEDY AND PASSED IN 1964-OUTLAWED SEGREGATION
VOTING RIGHTS ACT-1965 GUARANTEED ALL CITIZENS, INCLUDING
BLACKS, THE RIGHT TO VOTE IN ALL STATES.▪ NO BARRIERS TO VOTING
THE GREAT SOCIETY
Lyndon Johnson's Presidency
Elected President again in 1964
Established “The Great Society”
OTHER GREAT SOCIETY PLANS
HIGHER EDUCATION ACT: ESTABLISHED SCHOLARSHIPS AND LOW
INTEREST LOANS FOR POOR STUDENTS
ELEMENTARY AND SECONDARY ED. ACT ESTABLISHED BILLIONS OF DOLLARS TO
IMPROVE PUBLIC SCHOOLS
MEDICARE ACT PROVIDED FEDERAL HOSPITAL AND MEDICAL
INSURANCE FOR ELDERLY
MAKING THE CITIES BETTER
MODEL CITIES ACT: GAVE 1.2 BILLION TO IMPROVE HOUSING
AND EDUCATION IN INNER CITIES
DEPARTMENT OF HOUSING AND URBAN DEVELOPMENT PROVIDES FUNDS AND RESOURCES FOR
HOMEBUYERS AND COMMNUNITY GROUPS
ENTERING VIETNAM
UNITED STATES ENTERED VIETNAM DURING WORLD WAR 2
HELPED THE FRENCH “COLONIZE” INDOCHINA
FRENCH FOUGHT THE VIET-MINH FOR CONTROL OF INDOCHINA 1945-1954
HELPING THE FRENCH
FRENCH WERE LOSING THE WAR AGAINST THE VIET MINH
PLAYED THE “SOVIET COMMUNISM” CARD
U.S. GAVE AID TO THE FRENCH TO HELP FIGHT THE VIET-MINH
FRENCH STILL SUFFERED A HUGE LOSS
SO WHAT IS VIETNAM?
Vietnam is located on the East coast of a region called Indochina
It borders Cambodia Thailand Laos
THE SPLIT OF VIETNAM
•NORTH VIETNAM-COMMUNIST• LED BY HO CHI MINH• VIET-CONG ARMY•Who is Ho Chi-Minh
•SOUTH VIETNAM: NON-COMMUNIST• LED BY NGO DINH DIEM• VIET-MINH ARMY
•OVERALL, THIS WAS A FIGHT TO CONTAIN COMMUNISM IN INDOCHINA!
LET THE GAMES BEGIN!
NOVEMBER 1, 1963 Causes of U.S. in Vietnam
SOUTH VIETNAMESE LEADER NGO DINH-DIEM EXECUTED
NORTH VIETNAMESE QUICKLY POUNDED SOUTH VIETNAM
SOUTH VIETNAM CALLS FOR U.S. AID
JOHNSON SWARES ON THE DOVE
JOHNSON CAMPAIGNED DURING THE 1964 ELECTION THAT HE WOULD NOT FIGHT IN VIETNAM
KENNEDY BELIEVED IN THE “DOMINO THEORY” IF ONE COUNTRY FALLS TO COMMUNISM
THEY ALL WILL FALL.
THE SOUTH VIETNAM PROB.
COMMUNIST WERE NOT JUST IN NORTH VIETNAM
INSURGENCE IN SOUTH VIETNAM WERE ALSO COMMUNIST I.E. DEATH OF DIEM
FIGHTING WAS OCCURRING BETWEEN SVA, NVA AND NOW SVA INSURGENTS.
ARMING THE EMBASSY
DUE TO SOUTH VIETNAM INSURGENTS
PRESIDENT JOHNSON DECIDES TO MILITARIZE THE U.S. EMBASSY IN SOUTH VIETNAM
MILITARIZE: TO MAKE READY FOR WAR OR ATTACK
GENERAL TAYLOR SAYS..
GENERAL MAXWELL TAYLOR APPOINTED TO U.S. EMBASSY PUSHES FOR TROOP INCREASE 700-15,000 OVER ONE YEAR
THIS MARKED HOW INFLUENTIAL THE MILITARY WAS IN THE ADMINISTRATION
WESTY AND THE GULF OF TONKIN
GENERAL WESTMORELAND TAKES OVER THE REIGNS OF THE AMERICAN FORCES
U.S. NAVY IS NOW STATIONED IN THE GULF OF TONKIN EAST OF VIETNAM
AUGUST 2, 1964 USS. MADDOX CAME UNDER FIRE FROM
NORTH VIETNAMESE PT BOAT http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=AXmxfCvO
7lA&feature=related
SIGNING RESOLUTION
AUGUST 7 ,1964
CONGRESS PASSED THE GULF OF TONKIN RESOLUTION
JOHNSON RECEIVED A BLANK CHECK TO SPEND AS MUCH AS POSSIBLE TO SECURE US. FORCES IN SOUTHEAST ASIA.
Gulf of Tonkin
EVENT THAT SHOOK THE WORLD
THE GULF OF TONKIN RESOLUTION
ALLOWED FOR U.S. TROOPS TO ENTER VIETNAM
JOHNSON SENT OVER 100,000 TROOPS TO VIETNAM IN 1965.
QUESTION AT HAND: WOULD U.S. TROOPS BE ABLE TO FIGHT IN THE JUNGLES OF VIETNAM?
PERSPECTIVES OF THE WAR
NORTH VIETNAM: SAME OLD TYPE OF JUNGLE FIGHTING
WAR JUST LIKE THE FRENCH▪ THEY ALL WILL DIE AND WE WILL BE UNITED
AND FREE!
SOUTH VIETNAM/UNITED STATES: SOUTH VIETNAM FLOODED WITH
COMMUNIST U.S. FIGHTING TO CONTAIN COMMUNISM
THE ATTACK PLANS
NORTH VIETNAMESE ATTACK PLAN STRONG WILL TO FIGHT ABILITY TO STAND LONG WAR HIT AND RUN TACTICS/NO ABILITY TO FIGHT
LARGE BATTLES
UNITED STATES/SOUTH VIETNAMESE: BOMB NVA TARGETS ERODE THE POPULATION LIKE WORLD
WAR 2
INCREASING THE TROOPS
1965 UNITED STATES DID 2 MAJOR THINGS▪ SENT 200,00 TROOPS INTO VIETNAM▪ STARTED BOMBING NORTH VIETNAM
THE UNITED STATES ALLIES OR NOT? UNITED STATES CALLED IN OTHER NATIONS▪ NEW ZEALAND, AUSTRALIA, SOUTH KOREA,
THAILAND▪ THE WAR WAS NOW INTERNATIONAL
BATTLE OF LA DRANG
FIRST ENGAGEMENT BETWEEN U.S. AND NORTH VIETNAMESE
TWO PART BATTLE IN NOVEMBER 1965
AMERICANS USED AIR ARTILLERY AND A SUSTAINED ATTACK OVER TO HOLD OFF THE NORTH VIETNAMESE
CUT OFF FROM THE FORCES
FORCES WERE SPREAD THROUGHOUT THE LA DRANG VALLEY
LA DRANG MEANS “RIVER”
EACH PLATOON HAD TO SETUP A LANDING ZONE TO FLY TROOP AND BODIES IN AND OUT
MAP OF THE BATTLE
RESULTS OF LA DRANG
CASUALTIES WERE VERY HIGH FOR THE UNITED STATES DURING THIS TIME
AVERAGE DAILY LOSS FOR THE U.S. WAS 150-200 MEN PER DAY. BATTLE LASTED 3 DAYS
UNITED STATES OVERTOOK NORTH VIETNAMESE STRONG HOLD
MEDAL OF HONOR RECIPIENTS
Bruce “Snake Shit” Crandall and Ed “Too Tall” Jones received the Medal of Honor
Medi-Vac Pilots who flew men in and out of the battle for 2 ½ days straight.
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tfl0eR6woXc
WRITING PROMPT
SHOULD IT BE LEGAL IN WARFARE FOR COUNTRIES TO ATTACK OTHER COUNTRIES DURING HOLIDAYS?
WHY OR WHY NOT?
GIVE AN EXAMPLE OR TWO OR THREE
THE DEADLY OFFENSIVE
JANUARY 31, 1968
VIETNAMESE NEW YEAR▪ CALLED ‘TET”
COMMUNIST FORCES UNLEASHED MASSIVE ATTACKS ON U.S. POSITIONS
UTTER SHOCK CAME OVER THE U.S.
THE TELEVISION DEATHS
TET OFFENSIVE WAS TELEVISED NIGHTLY IN THE U.S. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=q1vJqTN-qVI
AMERICANS THOUGHT U.S. WAS HANDLING THE VIETCONG
SCENES CAUSED EXTREME PROTEST IN THE U.S.
JOHNSON DID NOT RUN FOR RE-ELECTION IN 1968
ELECTION OF 1968
REPUBLICANS NOMINATED RICHARD NIXON
DEMOCRATS NOMINATED HUBERT HUMPHREY
GEORGE WALLACE-INDEPENDENT
NIXON NARROWLY WON!
THE FIRST PRIORITY
RICHARD NIXON’S FIRST PRIORITY WAS TO EXTRICATE SOLDIERS OUT OF VIETNAM
INCREASED BOMBING OF CAMBODIA, NORTH VIETNAM, LAOS
GOAL: PUT PRESSURE ON BOTH SIDES TO STOP
FIGHTING
TENSIONS WERE HIGH
EVENT #1 PENTAGON PAPERS-1970▪ SHOWED THAT U.S. GOVERNMENT WAS
MASSACRING VIETNAMESE DURING THE WAR
EVENT #2 KENT STATE SHOOTING▪ NATIONAL GUARD TROOPS SHOT AND KILLED
4 STUDENTS DURING PROTEST
THE END OF THE WAR
RICHARD NIXON WAS RE-ELECTED IN 1972
JANUARY 27, 1973
NORTH VIETNAM AND UNITED STATES REACHED A PEACE AGREEMENT
IN 1975, NORTH VIETNAM OVERTOOK SOUTH VIETNAM U.S. HAD SUFFERED THEIR FIRST DEFEAT IN
WAR
VIETNAM BY THE NUMBERS
AMERICANS KILLED 58,174
AMERICANS WOUNDED 304,000
COST: $150 BILLION
AVERAGE AGE OF SOLDIER KILLED: 23 YOUNGEST: 16