Transcript of Lung cancer
- 1. LUNG CANCERPROBLEM BASED LEARNING (PBL) PREPARED BY:
MUHAMMAD ARIFF B. MAHDZUB BACHELOR MEDICINE AND SURGERY (MBBS)
UNIVERSITY COLLEGE SHAHPUTRA, KUANTAN
- 2. Define lung cancer Lung cancer (malignancy of the lungs) is
defined as an uncontrolled growth of abnormal cells in one or both
of the lungs
- 3. Types of Lung Cancer Two main Types of Lung Cancer: Non
Small Cell Lung Cancer (most common ~80%) SQUAMOUS CELL CARCINOMA
ADENOCARCINOMA LARGE CELL CARCINOMA Small Cell Lung Cancer (20-25%
of all lung cancers) Combined patterns Mixed sq.cell carcinoma +
adenocarcinoma Mixerd sq.cell carcinoma + SCC
- 4. Squamous Cell Carcinoma Malignant bronchial epithelial
tumour showing keratinization and/or intercellular bridges.
Strongly associated with smoking Majority arise centrally in major
bronchi (obstruction and infection) Cavitations in 10%
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- 6. Adenocarcinoma Malignant tumour with glandular
differentiation or mucin production. Gross : Adenocarcinoma of the
lung. Usually found as white-tan nodule at the periphery of the
lung. Many variants : Acinar, papillary, bronchioloalveolar, solid,
mixed subtypes Strongly associated with asbestose
- 7. Small Cell Carcinoma Oat cell carcinoma It arises from
endocrine cells (Kulchitsky cells). Closely associated with
smoking
- 8. Pathophysiology disease limited to air passage lining: has
not invaded lung tissue; can usually be treated and eliminated
disease limited to lung tissue; has not invaded lymph nodes or
other organs; spread to lymph nodes and chest wall (chest
pain)
- 9. continue disease has invaded lymph nodes outside of the lung
area; (need surgery) disease has invaded organs and structures
surrounding the lungs such as the heart, trachea and esophagus
disease has invaded structures and organs throughout the body, such
as liver, bones and brain; less than 2% chance of survival at 5
years if treated at this stage
- 10. Metastatic Neoplasms Lung most frequent site (other than
LN) Patterns of Metastasis: Multiple nodules Lymphangitic
metastasis Solitary
- 11. Metastatic Neoplasms From : Ovarian adenocarcinoma Breast
cancer Prostatic cancer Colonic adenocarcinoma Renal carcinoma
Melanoma, lymphoma, sarcoma
- 12. Diagnostic Tests CXR CT Scans MRI Sputum cytology
Fibreoptic bronchoscopy Transthoracic fine needle aspiration
- 13. Diagnostic Tests CXR
- 14. Diagnostic Tests CT Scans
- 15. Complication Shortness of breath. Due to cancer has block
the major airways. Lung cancer can also cause accumulation fluid
around the lungs, thus SOB Coughing up blood. Due to rupture of
cappilary, bronchiolalviolar lead to blood cough (hemoptysis).
Pain. Advanced lung cancer that spreads to the lining of a lung or
to another area of the body, such as a bone, can cause pain. Fluid
in the chest (pleural effusion). Lung cancer can cause fluid to
accumulate in the space that surrounds the affected lung in the
chest cavity (pleural space). Cancer that spreads to other parts of
the body (metastasis). Lung cancer often spreads (metastasizes) to
other parts of the body, such as the brain and the bones.
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