LUNAR SOLAR POWER SYSTEM

Presented by :Sweekriti Bal0901106057Electrical Branch7th semester

Presented To-Dr.Abhimanyu MahapatraDr.Ranjan ku. Jena

Introduction to LSP Need of LSP Solution Technical Aspects Explanation Demonstration of LSP base Transmission Types Advantages of LSP Summary Conclusion

• Two concepts have been proposed for delivering solar power to Earth from space

1>a huge satellite in geosynchronous orbit around Earth could dependably gather solar power in space.

2> In the second concept discussed here, solar power would be collected on the moon.

EXISTING GLOBAL POWER SYSTEM 1 billion “rich” people use electric equivalent of ≥2

kWe/person 5 billion “poor” people use ≤0.6 kWe/person Global power use is equivalent of

~220 million barrels of oil/day, or ~4.8 •1012 Watts-electric = 4.8 TWe

Not renewable, are polluting, depend on politically sensitive regions, or are too expensive for most people

NEEDED GLOBAL POWER SYSTEM Now (≥2 kWe/person • 6 billion people) ≥ 12 TWe By 2050 10 billion prosperous people will need ≥ 20

TWe Power must be clean, safe, affordable, dependable, &

sustainable

SUN SENDS 13,000 TWs OF RELIABLE SOLAR POWER TO LUNAR SURFACE

Nuclear fusion reaction

BASES ON MOON CONVERT SOLAR POWER TO MICROWAVE BEAMS

BEAMS DELIVER POWER TO RECTENNAS Safe (<20% of sunlight) Reliable (through clouds, rain, smoke, etc.)

RECTENNAS ON EARTH Convert beams to electricity Deliver electricity to power grid

ESSENTIAL FEATURES OF A LPS:>SUN

>MOON

>MICROWAVE POWER BEAM FROM A POWER BEAM SOURCE(moon)

>MICROWAVE RECEIVER(rectenna)

The LPS essentially consists of four parts:

a huge solar collector, typically made up of solar cells (triple junction gallium arsenide )

A microwave converter a microwave antenna on moon, aimed

at Earth an EARTH based ‘receiver antenna’ to

collect the power- called as rectenna

AN appropriate natural satellite is available for the commercial development.

Solar power is collected on the moon by solar collectors which is then converted to microwave beams by the bases on the lunar surface.

Microwaves will deliver power to the rectennas. Unlike sunlight microwaves can penetrate

through rain, clouds, dust, and smoke. Rectennas which contain large field of small

rectifying antennas will then supply commercial power to a given region.

Rectennas can receive power 24hrs a day with the help of relay satellites.

The waste products present in the lunar surface are silicon, iron, TiO2, etc. These products can be used as raw materials for solar cell fabrication. A special compound called anorthite is used for extracting the above said components

Solar cells collect sunlight, and buried electrical wires carry the solar energy as electric power to microwave generators

These devices convert the solar electricity to microwaves of the correct phase and amplitude and then send the microwaves to screens that reflect microwave beams toward Earth

Microwave generator – generates microwaves from solar energy. Concept of LASER is applied to beam the microwaves.

Frequencies above 6 GHz are subject to atmospheric attenuation and absorption, while frequencies below 2 GHz require excessively large apertures for transmission and reception. Efficient transmission requires the beam have a Gaussian power density.

Transmission efficiency for Gaussian beams is related to the aperture sizes of the transmitting and receiving antennas: b ~ 1- exp (- 2) and = DtDr/ (4 R)

Research value– 2.45GHz.

A rectenna is a reciever which would consist of a large field of small rectifying antennas.

A beam with a maximum intensity of less than 20% of noontime sunlight would deliver about 200 W to its local electric grid for every square meter of rectenna area.

Rectennas can continuously provide 20 TW of electric power, or 2 kW power per person, required for a prosperous world of 10 billion people in 2050.

It’s a fully segmented multi beam phased array radar powered by solar energy

EARTH IS FIXED IN SKY

BASE IS COMPOSED OF POWER PLOTS

POWER PLOT - BASIC UNIT #1 Solar arrays, buried wiring #2 Microwave transmitters #3 Reflectors form a large lens as seen from Earth

#1, 2, & 3 ARE MADE FROM LUNAR MATERIALS.

TWO types- i) direct transmission ii) through relay satellites. relay satellites may reflect

the beam or may receive the beam, convert it in frequency and phasing and then, transmit a new beam to the rectenna. (multi-transmission possible)

this enables the region around each rectenna to receive power 24 hours a day.

ENERGY COST REDUCED BY 10 TO 100 TIMES

FAST GROWTH IN CAPACITY & PROFITS THROUGH

Exponential growth in the number of power plots by manufacturing production equipment from lunar materials

Beamed power that reduces space & lunar operational costs

DELIVERS NET NEW ENERGY TO EARTH Enhances value of large international investments in

developing nations

ELECTRICITY FROM RECTENNAS Does not produce greenhouse gasses, fuel spills,

nuclides, dust, industrial wastes, etc. Eliminates need for hazardous facilities (nuclear,

dams, mines, etc.) Enables biosphere-independent power Enables remediation of environmental damage,

recycling of goods, and non-polluting services and transport

ENABLES PLANETARY PROTECTION Solar reflectors made from lunar materials adjust

solar flux onto Earth Specialized LSP beams gently deflect dangerous

asteroids & comets

CAN ENABLE SUSTAINABLE GLOBAL PROSPERITY

SUSTAINABILITY > 1 billion years Can protect and nurture the biosphere

LSP CAN PROVIDE >10 TWe WITHIN 15 YEARS

 The LUNAR SOLAR POWER (LSP) system will establish a permanent two-planet economy between the earth and the moon. The LSP System is An alternative to supply earth's needs for commercial energy without the undesirable characteristics of current options. The system can be built on the moon from lunar materials and operated on the moon and on Earth using existing technologies.The energy beamed to Earth is clean, safe, and reliable, and its source-the sun-is virtually inexhaustible.