Luminaires and Lighting Controls: Yesterday, Today, and Tomorrow

- aka-Intelligent Lighting: A Technology Review and Prospects for Smart Buildings

Presented By: Don Hirsh, CreeKristina Steiger, Schaeffer Marketing Group

Prepared By:

Don Hirsh, LCSenior Manager, Training and Education – Cree Lighting

Duane Henderson, LC Manager, Racine Lighting Experience Center – Cree Lighting

Copyright Materials

This presentation is protected by US and International Copyright laws. Reproduction, distribution, display and use of the presentation without written permission of the speaker is prohibited.

© Cree Lighting 2017

Course Description

In this two hour course, we’ll explore why traditional lighting control strategies are underutilized today and how the combination of lighting codes and technology are reversing this trend. We’ll also explore how systems and control technologies are advancing to deliver a better user experience and more useful building and occupant data.

This course will review the technological underpinning of the major technologies of “Intelligent Lighting,” look at practical applications, as well as current trends that lead to smarter buildings that improve the user experience, and provide access to important data analytics, all while saving significant energy.

This emergence of Intelligent Lighting , which touches on the IoT (Internet of Things) and POE (Power Over Ethernet) promises to redefine the luminaire and the systems that support it.

Learning Objectives

1. Review traditional lighting control strategies and how they are changing with the evolution of Intelligent Lighting and the Internet of Things (IoT).

2. Assess the major subsystems of Intelligent Lighting: communications; sensing; power; analytics.

3. Show the benefits of current Intelligent Lighting systems in use today; what they can do now and will do in the future.

4. Show the difference between energy efficient buildings versus truly smart buildings.

5. Review regional utility rebates to move these projects along!

Topics/Agenda

1. Defining the IOT (Internet of Things)2. The I and Communications Subsystems3. Power Distribution for Lighting and Sensing4. Power Over Ethernet5. Sensor Subsystem as the T in IOT and Lighting Controls6. Lighting and Green Building Convergence: 6 Important Trends7. Where Does Lighting Fit8. New Generation Building Information – Courtesy of Your Lights!9. Concluding Remarks10. Addendum: Ameren Rebates

6Defining the Internet of Things (IoT)

The concept of basically connecting any device with an “on” and “off” switch to the Internet (and/or to each other). This includes everything from cellphones, coffee makers, washing machines, headphones, lamps, wearable devices and almost anything else you can think of. This also applies to components of machines, for example a jet engine of an airplane or the drill of an oil rig.Source: http://www.forbes.com/sites/jacobmorgan/2014/05/13/simple-explanation-internet-things-that-anyone-can-understand/#6bb6008e6828

7Defining the Internet of Things (IoT)

Local Access to Data

What if I could easily and affordably know the mileage of every car I produced?What if I knew what and when service was going to be required?What if I could feed my supply chain this information for parts forecasting?What if I could communicate service needs & appointments with local dealers?How could I use all of this information to improve future vehicle design?

Parts Is Parts, Inc

BLUE CAR COMPANY

IoT Enables Remote Access to Data

“Maintenance Required” Light Comes On.Only You as the Driver Sees This Information.

8The Promise of the Internet of Things (IoT)

- Information Sharing- Human to Machine (H2M)- Machine to Human (M2H)- Machine to Machine (M2M)

- Standardized Communication to Enable Quick and Inexpensive Integration

- Increased Value

- Further Developing the Fundamentals of the Smart Building

Human to Machine (H2M)Example: Gesture Technology

Machine to Machine (M2M)Example: Industrial Automation & Smart Grids

Machine to Human (M2H)Example: Home Automation & Wearables

9IoT is Already Here

Smart Garbage Cans

Send Alert When Full

Parking Space Availability

Sensor to Phone Communication

Maintain & Repair

Sensor Monitors Wear and Report

Smart Fire Extinguishers

Location and Pressure Monitored

Wearable Biometric Sensor

Shares Data with Doctors

More Profitable Store Layouts

Monitor Customer Engagement

Source: http://www.postscapes.com/internet-of-things-examples/

10IoT is Already Here

Source: http://drrajivdesaimd.com/2016/07/19/internet-of-things-iot/

…And IS Growing…Exponentially

11IoT is Already Here…And Continues to Grow…Rapidly

The I (of IOT) = A Giant, Advanced

Telecommunications System that Allow 2-Way, Digital Communication Between

Systems or Devices

A 2005 Visualization of the Internet

https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Internet_map_1024_-_transparent,_inverted.png

Data Didn’t Use To Be Digital

Digital Data Moves By Media, Protocol & Processing Systems

Communication Systems Didn’t Use To Be LANs

Communication Bandwidth Used To Be Limited

Information Transmission Systems: RF & Fiber

Evolution of “On Premise” Wireless Bandwidth

“On Premise” Wired Bandwidth

CategoryMaximum

Frequency

Associated

Application(s)

Category 3 16 MHz 10 Mb/s

Category 5e 100 MHz 100/1000 Mb/s

Category 6 250 MHz 100/1000 Mb/s

Category 6A 500 MHz 10 Gb/s

Category 7 600 MHz 10-25 Gb/s

Category 7A 1000 MHz 25-Gb/s

But category cables has also become about power distribution

Electrical Power Distribution for Lighting and Sensing

• Most innovation is in production and distribution networks

On-Premise Power Distribution Relatively Unchanged

DC Devices Have A Long Pedigree Too

23Power over Ethernet (PoE)

24Old School versus Ethernet versus Power over Ethernet (PoE)

Non-PoE enabled camera normally requires two connections to be made when installed.

Power Connection delivers electrical power the camera needs to operate.

Network Connection to allow camera to communicate with video recording and display equipment.

Ethernet - Data Only Ethernet with PoE

PoE enabled camera requires only the network connection when installed.

Network Connection enables network communication, as well as delivers electrical power to the camera.

Non-PoE enabled camera normally requires two connections to be made when installed.

Power Connection delivers electrical power the camera needs to operate.

Coax CATV network to allow camera to communicate with video recording and display equipment. Secondary control in various ways.

Coax - Analog Signal

25Evolution of PoE Current Density

PoE and PoE+

Up to 30W

• PoE and PoE+ uses 2 Ethernet Pairs to deliver power and data

• 802.3af Standard – up to 15.4 watts at the PSE, 350mA

• 802.3at Standard – up to 30 watts at the PSE, 600mA

Cisco UPOE and the Future StandardUp to 30W

30W

Category Cable

60W total (Future 90W+)

• Combine two pairs of 30W to form 60 Watts of power (use all four pairs)

• Cisco innovation delivering 60 watts today (Pre-Standard)

• 802.3bt standard is expected in 2017 - Proposed Type-3 (60W) and Type-4 (100W)

28You’re Already Living in a PoE World…

…And That World Continues to Get BIGGER.

29

135 Years of Electromechanical and Electro-optical sensors

Sensors and Lighting Control Systems

30Lighting Control Sensors Are/Were Designed To Save Energy

Why haven’t more people used lighting control systems?

1) Complexity2) Substantial Additional Cost3) Limited Interoperability Among Competing Manufactures Devices4) Technology Originally Developed for “Incumbent” Technology

a) Triac Dimmers for Incandescent Lightsb) Timers for Fluorescent Systemsc) Timers HID/HPSd) Occupancy Sensors for Fluorescent and Incandescent lights

5) LEDs Are Inherently Controllable; Evacuated-Tube Based Technologies –Not So Much.

Solid-State Lighting R&D PlanJune 2016

31Lighting Control Occupancy Technologies

Occupancy SensingOccupancy vs. Vacancy

Passive Infrared (PIR) Detection

Most common

Detects movement and increased heat in an area as people enter/use a space.

Ultrasonic

Emits ultra-sonic waves that bounce off objects in a room with an echo sent to the sensors that recognizes movement in a space.

Acoustic

Listens for irregular sound patterns to detect motion in a space.

Occupancy Sensing Technologies

Sensor Tradeoffs

Resolution vs. cost; single vs. multiple sensors.

32Passive Infrared Detectors Dominate Motion Detection

• Sensor (Fresnel) Lenses for Differing Coverage

33Ambient Illumination Sensors

Daylight Harvesting

Electric lights are dimmed in the presence of daylight.

Task Tuning (High-End Trim)

Dimming lights in an area to “appropriate” levels for the occupants and activities performed within that space.

Lighting and Green Building Convergence: 6 Important Trends

351. Traditional Lighting Control Strategies Lag in the Face of Mandates

How intelligently are these spaces really being managed?

=++

Networked Lighting ControlsQualified Products List

• Traditional Lighting Control Schemes Rely on Few Precision Sensors

• Today’s Intelligent Control Lighting Systems Simplify Things by Using Lots of Sensors

2. Sensor Scarcity vs. Sensor Abundance

Smartphone Analogy – Sensors Today are Abundant and Affordable

3. Improved Efficacy and Affordability of LED Technology

DLC QPL Premium Troffer LPW Requirement = 125 LPWDLC QPL Standard Troffer LPW Requirement = 100 LPW

What’s Happen to the Cost of an LED?Price of LED Luminaires?

~ 75% Price Reduction from 2007 – 2017 for Similar or Better Performance

383A. Declining Prices Drives Affordability of LED Technology

Effi

cacy

(LP

W)

100 LPW125 LPW

150 LPW

175 LPW

200 LPW

$/l

m, n

orm

aliz

ed

(Co

ol W

hit

e, 6

50

0K

)

394. Evolution of PoE Current Density

We can now power LED luminaires with PoE.

5. Software Systems/Big Data Analytics

Increased Data Storage Capacity Increased Computing Power

Computing Cost (1992-2012)Storage Cost (1992-2012)

$What’s Happened to These Costs?

Down 99.99% Down 99.97%

Single Converged IP Network & MediaSeparate Building System Networks

SIMPLIFIED MANAGEMENT, LOWER COSTS

6. The Smart Building & Intelligent Lighting Movement

Broken Silos Enables Analytics

Lighting Phone Emergency Wi-Fi Fire HVAC IT System Security

42Why is Lighting So Important in All of This?

BIG DATA is EVERYWHERE…And so are the Luminaires to Gather It.

A Digital Building Example

• High voltage cabling for lighting (110V or 277V Power)

• Legacy RS-485 protocol for control

A/C Power

ControlModule

Control Network (DMX, DALI, LonWorks, BACnet, KNX, RS-485)

DigitalLighting ControlDriver Modules

Sensors(Light, Motion, CO2/CO, etc.) WiFi

Access Point

IP Video Surveillance

Camera

Wall Switches

HVACVariable Air Valves

Digital Building Devices

…Wiring Closet

Energy MgmtBldg Mgmt Lighting Control

Cisco/Partner Cloud Services

CommercialLED PoE Fixtures

• PoE powers LED lights and other edge devices

• Both power and control provided through Ethernet cable

• Lower TCO: reduced material & labor cost, energy savings

• Intelligent IP platform: software analytics for broader building automation initiatives

Digital Building InfrastructureTraditional Infrastructure

PoE – New Construction or “Heavy” Renovation

Color beacons create pathway lighting or indicate room status

Integrated BTLE for nearby devices

Integrated Speaker modules

Any light can be backed up with a UPS

Integrated CO2 and other gas or

particle sensors

LiFi to data streaming

applications

Lighting provides strategic ceiling placement for advanced sensing technologies and other devices

The Digital Luminaire – Functional Light, Data Source

Analysis

Operational Environment

You Driving Your Car in the Rain

Data

Sensors Capture Lots of Data

Data Reveals Information

You’re Stopping, But Car is Skidding

Information Enables Intelligence

Car Automatically Activates ABS

Familiar Operational Environment

Analysis

Operational Environment

Commercial Office Building

Data

Sensors Capture Lots of Data About the Building

Data Reveals Information

Conference Room Unoccupied

Information Enables Intelligence

Shut Off Lights Show Space as Available

Less Familiar Operational Environment

The 3-30-300 Rule

Where’s the Value?

Energy$3

SqFt/Yr

Real Estate$30

SqFt/Yr

Employee$300

SqFt/Yr

Energy$3

SqFt/Yr

• Energy Efficient LED Lighting• Occupancy Detection (Lights On or Lights Off)• Daylight Harvesting

• Integration with HVAC to Respond Not Only to Occupancy, But the Number of Occupants within the Space

Where’s the Value? Energy Savings

Where’s the Value? Real Estate

• Space Optimization• Occupancy Rates Within Your Building

• What spaces can we repurpose to accommodate growth with minimal impact?• Hoteling (Reserve Work Station) or Hot Desking (Take Open Work Station)

• Changing Workplace (No Permanent Desk for Infrequent or Remote Employees)• Smaller buildings can accommodate far more employees without dedicated desks.

Where’s the Value? Employee (Productivity, Wellness, Safety, Effectiveness)

• Have It Your Way• Customize Light Levels, CCT, Even Room Temperature

• ID Badge or Phone Carries Your Preferences and Rooms Deliver Those Preferences• Optimized Environment for Your Optimized Productivity

• ID Badge or Phone (or lack there of) Determine Unauthorized Access • Security Alerted

• Could Be Applied to Anomalies (Activity in Building at 3 AM)

• Human (Health) Centric Lighting• CCT Changes Throughout the Day Mimicking Outside World

• Lighting for Better Circadian Health• Healthcare (Improving the Patient Environment)

• Lighting to Improve the Patient Experience • Education (Lighting for Learning)

• Lighting to Improve Student Performance

Where’s the Value? Employee (Productivity, Wellness, Safety, Effectiveness)

• Staff Allocation• Deploy Resources to Maximize Value

• Where do We Need Help Right Now?• What Bathroom Should I Clean First?• Is there a Guest in this Room?

• Clean / No Clean

Where’s the Value? Employee (Productivity, Wellness, Safety, Effectiveness)

The 3-30-300 Rule

Where’s the Value?

Energy$3

SqFt/Yr

Real Estate$30

SqFt/Yr

Employee$300

SqFt/Yr

Assume a 650,000 sq. ft. building with plans to lease an additional 100,000 sq. ft. offsite due to expansion.

Reduce Energy By 50%

Difficult to prove, but undoubtedly impactful!!

Where’s the Value?

Energy$3

SqFt/Yr

Real Estate$30

SqFt/Yr

Employee$300

SqFt/Yr

Avoid Leasing Additional 100,000 sq. ft. Offsite

Increase Employee Productivity by 0.5%

$975,000 $9,750,000$3,000,000

New Granularity and Data Sources for Building Management

PIR can do that???

Energy Analytics By the Cubicle!

Real-Time Space Availability

Smart Lighting Disruption

The Internet of Things

Intelligent Buildings

Power over Ethernet

New Workforce Experience

A Perfect Storm

This concludes The USGBC Continuing Education Course

Ameren Lighting Incentives

• Both New Construction and Retrofit incentive programs available

• Different in MO and IL• Always check with an Ameren Trade Ally for assistance in

applying for incentives. Look for Allies with a great track record.

• Check the fine print – make sure you meet all criteria.

Ameren MO Incentives

• Standard control incentives include daylight sensors (dimming OR on/off) and occupancy sensors (dimming OR on/off) but nothing that does both.

• Custom controls – to pay $.075/kwh saved above LED retrofit savings

• NB:– Do the math – sometimes a dimming occ sensor offers more

incentive money than a custom control.

Ameren IL Incentives – Retrofit

Standard Program• Must be vacancy sensing• If exterior, must have photocell and occupancy sensor• BPL72 - Fixture Mounted Occupancy Sensors for Fluorescent or

LED Systems - $30/control – BUT each sensor must control over 125w ea.

• BPL79 - Low Wattage Occupancy Sensors or Daylight Dimming Controls - $15/control – must control 50-124w ea.– http://amerenillinoissavings.com/portals/0/business/forms/PYTR-

lighting.pdf

Ameren IL Incentives - Custom

• $.06/kwh saved - custom could be less than standard• Payback must be between 1/2 and 10 years• Pre-approval required • $500,000 max • Capped at 50% of incremental cost • Installation and final application due 12/31/17• http://amerenillinoissavings.com/portals/0/business/forms/PY

TR-custom.pdf