Los Mandatos

Spanish III

Mrs. Pacheco

What does these words have in common?What does these words have in common?

Stop!

Sit down!

Please open the window.

Please wash the dishes.

Go to the party.

Pet the puppy.

Do not eat the cookies!

Don't take the car out tonight!

← (command)(command)← (command)(command)← (request)(request)← (request)(request)← (grant permission)(grant permission)← (grant permission)(grant permission)← (deny permission)(deny permission)← (deny permission)(deny permission)

Commands

Commands are used when ordering, or telling someone to do something. This is often referred to as the "imperative mood" form of the verb.

By now, you are well acquainted with the fact that Spanish has both a formal and an informal style of speech (Tú / Usted). This distinction applies to commands.

Informal, or familiar, speech is used among friends, coworkers, relatives, or when addressing a child. Formal speech is generally used to be polite or to express respect. For that reason, the formal commands are often referred to as polite commands.

Los Mandatos

vs.

Informal Commands (affirmative)

Take the form and drop the .

OR

Just use the form if that’s easier to remember!

preparar -->

barrer-->

servir-->

tú s

él / ella / ud

¡Prepara!

¡Barre!¡Sirve!

Informal Commands (Negative)

To make a negative tú command, start with the form of the verb, drop the , and add the ending.

preparar-->

barrer-->

servir-->

yo oopposite tú

-ar--> es -er/-ir--> as

¡No prepares!¡No barras!¡No sirvas!

Opposite endings

Verbs that end in -ar won’t take the -as ending, but instead will take .

Verbs that end in -er or -ir won’t take the -es ending, but instead will take .

-es

-as

Práctica

1. cantar (+)6. escribir (-)

2. mirar (+)7. comer (+)

3. beber (-)8. salir (-)

4. escuchar (+)9. hacer (-)

5. hablar (-)10. perder (-)

¡Canta!¡Canta!

¡Mira!

¡No bebas!

¡Escucha!

¡No hables!

¡No escribas!

¡Come!

¡No salgas!

¡No hagas!

¡No pierdas!

-car, -gar, -zar verbs

When we make negative commands from a verb that ends in -car, -gar, or -zar, we make some spelling changes to keep the original sound.

-car

For verbs that end in -car, the changes to , then we add the opposite ending, which will ALWAYS be since these are -ar verbs!

cqu

-es

-gar

For verbs that end in -gar, the changes to .

g-gu

-zar

For verbs that end in -zar, the changes to a .

Remember these rules only apply to

zc

negative commands

Cómo se hace…

• Buscar:

• Pagar:

• Cruzar:

• Empezar:

¡No busques!

¡No pagues!

¡No cruces!

¡No empieces!

Irregulars

Remember, if the first person singular (yo) form is irregular, that irregularity is carried over into the formation of the formal command.

– Tengan Uds. un buen viaje. (yo tengo) Have a good trip. – Traiga Ud. el dinero. (yo traigo) Bring the money. – Venga Ud. conmigo. (yo vengo) Come with me.

This also applies to stem-changing verbs.– Cuente Ud. sus beneficios. (yo cuento) Count your blessings. – Vuelvan Uds. pronto. (yo vuelvo) Return quickly. – Pida dinero. (yo pido) Ask for money.

Irregular Affirmative + Commands

Venir ¡Ven! = Come!Decir ¡Di! = Say! Tell!Salir ¡Sal! = Go out! Leave!Hacer ¡Haz! = Do! Make!Tener ¡Ten! = Have!Ir ¡Ve! = Go!Poner ¡Pon! = Put!

“Vin Diesel has 10 weapons.”

TWO Negative Irregulars

Ir

ser

¡No vayas

¡No seas!

Don’t go!

Don’t be!

Cómo se hace…

1. Poner

2. Tener

3. Venir

4. Salir

5. Hacer

6. Decir

¡No pongas!

¡No tengas!

¡No vengas!

¡No salgas!

¡No hagas!

¡No digas!

Don’t put!

Don’t have!

Don’t come!

Don’t go out! Don’t leave!

Don’t do! Don’t make!

Don’t say! Don’t tell!

¡A Practicar!

A. Choose the correct answer, in order to create a command in the "tú" form.

1. Put the gun here._________ la pistola acá.

2. Don't put the gun there.No la _________ pistola allá.

3. Tell the truth._________ la verdad.

4. Don't tell lies.No _________ mentiras.

5. Come here._________ acá.

Common Expressions

1. Be careful!

2. Come here!

3. Tell me the truth!

4. Don’t go!

5. Don’t tell me! You don’t say!

6. Don’t be afraid!

7. Put on the hat!

8. Don’t be like that!

→¡Ten cuidado!

→¡Ven aca!/¡Ven aquí!

→¡Dime la verdad!

→¡No te vayas!

→¡No me digas!

→¡No temas!

→¡Ponte la gorra!

→¡No seas así!

Common Expressions

1. Be patient!

2. Come with me!

3. Do me a favor!

4. Make the table!

5. Put your shoes on!

6. Be organized!

→¡Ten paciencia!

→¡Ven conmigo!

→¡Hazme un favor!

→¡Pon la mesa!

→¡Ponte los zapatos!

→¡Sea organizado(a)!

Common Expressions

1. Don’t go!

2. Don’t worry!

3. Vete!

4. Sal!

5. Se simpático!

6. Be quiet!/Shut-up!

→¡No te vayas!→¡No te preocupes!→¡Go!→¡Get out!/¡Move!→Be nice!→Calláte!

¡A Practicar!

Choose the correct answer, in order to create a command in the "tú" form.

1. Speak more slowly. (hablar)_______________ más lentamente.

2. Don't speak so quickly.No _______________ tan rápido.

3. Write a letter to your mother. (escribir)_______________ una carta a tu mamá.

4. Don't write on the wall.No _______________ en la pared.

5. Johnny, sing. (cantar)Juanito, _______________ .

Reflexive Verbs & Commands with DIRECT OBJECTS PRONOUNS

With the affirmative command all we did

was ____________ the object pronoun to the affirmative command. (Notice we added an accent mark to keep the stress in the original place.)

ATTACH

Quick Span. II Review

How to use Double Objects to create reflexives verbs?

I.O.P. D.O.P.

Overview: Indirect Object Pronouns

Point of view

Singular Plural

1st person

me (to/for me)

nos (to/for us)

2nd person

te (to/for you informal)

os (to/for you informal)

3rd person

Le/SE (to/for you formal, him, her, it)

Les/SE (to/for them, you formal)

Indirect objects tell “to whomto whom” or “for whomfor whom” something is done (or who is receiving). Just like direct object pronouns replace direct objects, indirect object pronouns are the replacements for indirect objects, which are always personal nouns.INDIRECT OBJECT INCLUDES "TO/FOR" SINCE THEY ALWAYS INDICATE WHERE THE OBJECT IS GOING.

A direct object is a thing or person that answers whatwhat or whomwhom, respectively, in the

following equation:

SUBJECT + VERB + WHAT (WHOM)

DIRECT OBJECT

Yo como los tamales

Identifying a Direct Object Pronoun (DOP)

The direct object pronouns in Spanish are as follows:

mete

lo, la

nosos

los, las

for people

(lo, la) (los, las)for people and things

These are used exclusively

These are used

Cómo se hace…Reflexivo

Lavarse (tú) _________________

Secarse (tú)_______________

Lávate (Wash yourself!)

Sécate (Dry yourself!)

Cómo se hace…con objeto

Vender la casa _________________

Prestar el dinero ________________

Escuchar a nosotros _____________

Dar a mi _______________________

¡Véndela! Sell it!

¡Préstalo! Loan it!

¡Escúchanos! Listen to us!

¡Dame! Give me!

Negative Commands

The difference with the negative commands is that the object pronoun will be placed _______________ the verb.

BEFORE

RECUEDA..USE “TE” because they are informal Tú Commands

• No levantarse: __________________

• No secarse: ____________________

• No comerse: ____________________

¡No te levantes! (Don’t get yourself up!)

¡No te seques! (Don’t dry yourself!)

¡No te comas! (Don’t gobble down!)

Cómo se hace…

• No comprar el carro

_________________________________

• No apagar la lámpara

_________________________________

¡No lo compres! (Don’t buy it!)

¡No la apagues! (Don’t turn it off!)

¡A Practicar!¡A Practicar!Use the information in parenthesis to translate the following sentences. Do not include the subject pronoun in your answer. (The subject pronoun is underlined in parenthesis.)

1. Buy it. (comprar / tú / el libro)

2. Open them. (abrir / tú / las ventanas)

3. Don't open them. (abrir / tú / los libros)

4. Bring it to me. (traer / tú / la comida)

5. Bring it to her. (traer / tú / el coche)

6. Don't bring them to him. (traer / tú / las plumas)

7. Open them. (abrir / tú / las ventanas)

8. Don't open them. (abrir / tú / las cartas)

9. Tell it to me. (decir / tú / el secreto)

10. Give it to me. (dar / tú / la pluma)

Los Mandatos Formales

Regular Formal commands (affirmative AND negative)

1. Start with the form of the verb

2. Drop the

3. Then put on the

yo

(Ud./Uds./Nosotros)

O.

opposite personal ending.

Formal Commands (+/-)

-ar verbs -er/-ir verbs

Ud.

Nosotros

Uds.

E A

EMOS

EN

AMOS

AN

habl

habl

habl

corr

corr

corr

-car, -gar, -zar verbs

Verbs that end in –car will have a spelling change in which the changes to

Verbs that end in –gar will have a spelling change in which the changes to

Verbs that end in –zar will have a spelling change in which the changes to

C QU

G GU

Z C

“IR” Stem-changers (O-U Burrito Verbs)

DORMIR MORIR

Ud. (no) duerma Ud (no) muera

Uds. (no) duerman Uds (no) mueran

Nosotros (no) durmamos Nosotros (no) muramos

Irregulares

Ir Ud. Uds. Nosotros

SerUd. Uds. Nostros

SaberUd. Uds. Nosotros

EstarUd. Uds. Nosotros

Dar Ud. Uds. Nosotros

VAYA VAYAN VAMOSNO VAYAMOS!

SEAMOSSEANSEA

SEPAMOSSEPANSEPA

ESTÉ ESTÉN ESTEMOS

DÉ DEN DEMOS

Reflexive Verbs & Commands with DIRECT OBJECTS PRONOUNS

With the affirmative command all we did

was ____________ the object pronoun to the affirmative command. (Notice we added an accent mark to keep the stress in the original place.)

ATTACH

A PRACTICAR

lavarse (Ud.) _________________

secarse (Uds.)_______________

Lávese (Wash yourself!)

Séquense (Dry yourselves!)

Negative Reflexive Commands

The difference with the negative commands is that the object pronoun will be placed _______________ the verb.

BEFORE

RECUEDA..USE “Se” because they are formal Ud. & Uds. Commands

21. No lavarse __________________

(Ud.)

22. No secarse ____________________

(Uds.)

23. No comerse ____________________

(Uds.)

¡No se lave! (Don’t wash yourself!)

¡No se sequen! (Don’t dry yourselves!)

¡No se coman! (Don’t gobble down!)

¡A Practicar!

A. Write the imperative form (formal command) for the given verb and pronoun.

1. Buy the book. (comprar)______________ usted el libro.

2. Bring the food. (traer)______________ ustedes la comida.

3. Don't cry so much. (llorar)No ______________ usted tanto.

4. Don't smoke here, please. (fumar)No ______________ ustedes aquí, por favor.

5. Read the book. (leer)______________ usted el libro.

Nosotros Commands

Nosotros commands are used when the speaker is included, and are used to express the idea "let's + verb." To form these commands, use the nosotros form of the present subjunctive.– Comamos allí.

Let's eat there.– Contemos el dinero.

Let's count the money.

Negative Nosotros Command

To form the negative command, place the word no before the same verb form (present subjunctive).

• No comamos allí.Let's not eat there.

• No contemos el dinero.Let's not count the money.

The only exception is the verb ir(se), which uses the present indicative for the affirmative command only.

– Vamos ahora.Let's go now.

– No vayamos a la tienda.Let's not go to the store.

Reflexive Verbs - Nosotros

Regla: When attaching the pronoun to nosotros formal commands, remove the “s” from the “amos”/”emos”

LAVARSE

Lavémosnos Lavémonos No nos lavemos

A practicar – Affirmative Nosotros

• Quitarse los zapatos• Ponerse las sandalias

• Despertarse temprano

• Quitémonos los zapatos.• Pongámonos las sandalias.• Despertémonos temprano.

Nosotros Commands -

• No nos acostemos tarde!

• No nos pongamos un suetér!

• No nos bañemos!

• No acostarse tarde!

• No ponerse un suetér!

• No bañarse!

Indirect Commands

When the command is given through a third party, indirect commands are used (add “no” before to make it negative).

The form is:

"que + present subjunctive.”

Que (no) entre María.(Don’t) Let María come in.

Que vengan a las cuatro.Have them come at four o'clock.

Indirect commands are also used to convey a hope or a wish.

Que lo hagas tú.(I want) You (to) do it.

Que vivas para siempre.May you live forever.

¡Practíquen!

1.May you (tú) feel better soon. (sentirse)___________ te sientas mejor pronto.

2. May the boys feel better soon. (sentirse)Que se ___________ los chicos mejor pronto.

3. Let Juan come in first. (entrar)___________ entre Juan primero.

4. Don't let Juan come in first. (entrar)Que no ___________ Juan primero.

5. Have Pablo put on the clean shirt. (ponerse)___________ se ponga Pablo la camisa limpia.

Summary~Regular~

Projecto (Video Project)Create a scene in which one character is giving instructions to another. You are expected to demonstrate good use of vocabulary related words and both affirmative and negative commands. *Remember commands are often used in live or present events/situations.

•Students, you’re to do the following in your projects:

• use at least 10 vocabulary words

• use at least 8 commands (3 of these were to be negative)

• express yourself with emotion (if necessary)

• Turn in a written copy of the dialogue with the vocabulary and commands underlined.

• All group members must speak.

Topics (Role Playing):

1.Giving health advice to another person.

2.Giving cooking instructions for a recipe.

3.Giving directions of how to build, create, do something. (e.g. origami)

4.Giving a friend directions on how to get to the mall.

5.Etc.