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CHAPTER FOUR
LOndOn’s ECOnOmy
The london plan 2011 london’S eConoMY
4.1 ThischaptersetsoutpoliciestosupportdeliveryoftheMayor’svisionandobjectives–particularlythosetoensurethatLondonis:
• A city that meets the challenges of economic and population growth
inwaysthatensureasustainable,goodandimprovingqualityoflifeandsufficienthighqualityhomesandneighbourhoodsforallLondoners,andhelptacklethehugeissueofdeprivationandinequalityamongLondoners,includinginequalityinhealthoutcomes;and
• An internationally competitive and successful city withastronganddiverseeconomyandanentrepreneurialspiritthatbenefitallLondonersandallpartsofLondon;acitythatisattheleadingedgeofinnovationandresearch,andwhichiscomfortablewith–andmakesthemostof–itsrichheritageandculturalresources.
ThesepolicieswillsupportdevelopmentandgrowthofLondon’sdiverseeconomyovertheyearsto2031,enablingittocontributetotheprosperityoftheUKandprovideLondonerswiththegoods,servicesandjobopportunitiestheywillneed.
4.2 Thischapter,whichcomplementstheMayor’sEconomicDevelopmentStrategy(EDS),dealswiththeneedsofdifferentsectorsoftheeconomyandtheirworkspacerequirements.Italsoprovidesapolicybaseforinnovation,withsupportfornewandemergingeconomicsectorsanda‘connected’economy.MakingsureallLondonersareabletoshareintheircity’ssuccessisakeypriority,andthischapterdealswiththecontributionplanningpolicycanmaketoimprovingopportunitiesforallLondoners.
Economic Context
POLiCy 4.1 dEvELOPing LOndOn’s ECOnOmy
StrategicA TheMayorwillworkwithpartnersto:
a promoteandenablethecontinueddevelopmentofastrong,sustainableandincreasinglydiverseeconomyacrossallpartsofLondon,ensuringtheavailabilityofsufficientandsuitableworkspacesintermsoftype,sizeandcost,supportinginfrastructureandsuitableenvironmentsforlargeremployersandsmallandmediumsizedenterprises,includingthevoluntaryandcommunitysectors
bdriveLondon’stransitiontoalowcarboneconomyandtosecuretherangeofbenefitsthiswillbring
c supportandpromoteouterLondonasanattractivelocationfornationalgovernmentaswellasbusinesses,givingaccesstothehighly-skilledLondonworkforce,relativelyaffordableworkspaceandthecompetitiveadvantagesofthewiderLondoneconomy
d supportandpromotethedistinctiveandcrucialcontributiontoLondon’seconomicsuccessmadebycentralLondonanditsspecialistclustersofeconomicactivity
e sustainthecontinuingregenerationofinnerLondonandredressitspersistentconcentrationsofdeprivation
f emphasisetheneedforgreaterrecognitionoftheimportanceofenterpriseandinnovation
gpromoteLondonasasuitablelocationforEuropeanandotherinternationalagenciesandbusinesses.
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4.3 ProvidingthebasisforthecontinuedgrowthandeconomicdevelopmentofallpartsofLondonisakeythemeofthisPlan.Thecapitalhashadahistoryofchangeandinnovation1,andthisislikelytoremainthecaseforthefuture.TheroleofplanningistofacilitatethatchangeinwayswhichensurethatallpartsofLondonandallkindsofenterprisescanflourishandcontributetotheprosperityofthewholecity,andallofitspeople.ThisisakeycontributortothestrategysetoutinChapter1.
4.4 ThisPlanaimstoensurethatLondoncontinuestoexcelasaworldcapitalforbusiness,whilealsosupportingthesuccessoflocaleconomiesandneighbourhoodsinallpartsofthecapital(seeChapterTwo).ParticularemphasisisplacedonsupportingthegreatercontributionouterLondoncanmaketothecapital’seconomicsuccess(policies2.6-2.8).TheMayorestablishedaCommissiontoidentifythescopeforsustainablegrowththere.ItconcludedthatouterLondoncouldmakeastrongercontributiontogrowthofthecapitalandthewidercityregion,providinganattractivelocationforsectorswhicharecurrentlylocatedinsurroundingpartsofsouth-eastEngland.InnerandcentralLondon’scontinuedsuccess,andthatofthesectorsoftheeconomythatclusterthere,willalwaysbecrucialtothecapitalandtotheUnitedKingdomasawhole(policies2.9and2.10-2.12).Inaddition,thisPlanidentifiesopportunityareasacrossLondonprovidingsignificantcapacityfornewemployment(Policy2.13andAnnex1).MuchofthiscapacityisineastLondon,wherethereisboththescopeandneedforadditionaleconomicdevelopment.
4.5 ThepoliciesinthisPlanarealsointendedtoprovidethebasisforsuccessofallkindsandsizesofenterprise.Londonhasaround800,000enterprisesrangingfromlarge,office
basedemployerstosmallandmedium-sizedones(whichrepresentabout48percentofLondonemployment)andthemorethan600,000self-employedLondoners;andfrommajorcorporationstothevoluntaryandcommunity(thereareatleast3,400socialenterprisesinLondon,providinganestimated104,500jobs)andpublicsectors(thepublicsectoremploys782,000inLondon–proportionatelymuchlessthaninotherregions).AlloftheseplayanimportantroleinLondon’seconomyanddevelopment,andwillcontinuetodoso.
4.6TheMayorwishestoencouragebroad-basedgrowth,andcontinuestosupportthesuccessofeconomicsectorslikefinancialandbusinessservices,includingthoseclusteredintheCityandthenorthoftheIsleofDogs,aswellasleisureservicesandretailwhichtogetherhavebeenatthecentreofLondon’seconomicsuccessoverthepastfourdecades.Atthesametime,hewillhelptobuildtheconditionsfornewsectorstoemergeandplaytheirpartinathrivinganddiversecityeconomy.Thisdoesnotmeantryingto‘pickwinners’,inthewaygovernmentstriedinthe1960sand1970s.RatherthePlanseekstoensuretherearetheworkspaces,environments,skilledworkforcesandinfrastructuresthatenterprisesofallkindsandsizesneedtodevelopandinnovate.
4.7 TheMayorisstronglycommittedtodrivingafundamentalshiftinLondon’seconomytowardsalowcarbonfuture.Thisisvitalbothtoensuringthecitymeetsthechallengesofclimatechange(seeChapter5),andtopositioningittorealisethebusinessbenefitsandopportunitiesbeingaworldleaderinthisareawillbring.Alowcarboneconomyisoneinwhicheconomicgrowthandbusinesssuccesscoexistwithreducingcarbonintensity.RealisingthisobjectivewillmeanaddressingtheissuesraisedinChapter5–minimisingresourceusewherewecan,
The london plan 2011 london’S eConoMY
maximisingefficiencywithwhatwedohavetouse,ensuringavailabilityofinfrastructureandnetworks.Thiswillinturnhelpdevelopamarketforlowcarbongoodsandservices,andsupportinnovation.Theplanningsystemcanalsoensureenterprisesworkinginthelowcarboneconomyhavethekindofworkspacestheyneed.TheMayor’sEconomicDevelopmentStrategysetsoutpoliciestocomplementthosehere–promotinglowcarbonbusinesspracticesandensuringavailabilityofthenecessaryskillsforexample.
4.8 Whilstavailabilityofworkspacesthatarebothsuitableandaffordableisakeyconcernforsmallandmedium-sizedenterprises(SMEs),inoveralltermsthereiscurrentlysufficientmarketprovision,thoughtherewillbeparticularlocationswithsignificantconstraintsthatneedaddressing,anditwillbeimportanttoensurethattherecontinuestobesufficientcapacityintothefuture.Insomecircumstances,suchasaroundcentralLondon,tomeettherequirementsofCAZ,workspacemayneedtobesecuredthroughplanningagreementsaspartofmixedusedevelopment.TheMayoralsorecognisesthatLondon’seconomyisdisproportionatelydependentonlargeremployers.ThisPlanreflectstheirimportancetoLondon’scontinuedprosperityandensuresthattheyhavetheroomtogrow.Thesetrendswillbemonitoredrigorously.
4.9 TheMayor’sEconomicDevelopmentStrategyprovidesfurtherdetailonrealisingLondon’spotentialforeconomicgrowth.ItmakescleartheMayor’soveralleconomicdevelopmentpolicyobjectivesto:
• promoteLondonastheworldcapitalofbusiness,theworld’stopinternationalvisitordestinationandtheworld’sleadinginternationalcentreoflearningandcreativity
• ensureLondonhasthemostcompetitivebusinessenvironmentintheworld
• supportLondontobecomeoneoftheworld’sleadinglowcarboncapitalsby2025
• giveallLondonerstheopportunitytotakepartinLondon’seconomicsuccess,accesssustainableemploymentandprogressintheircareers;and
• ensureprosperityisspreadacrossthecapital,addressingareasofdeprivationacrossthecityandinparticularfosteringeconomicandemploymentgrowthinouterLondon,maintainingtheglobalroleofcentralLondonandmaximisingthebenefitsofinvestment.
Economic Sectors and Workspaces
POLiCy 4.2 OFFiCEs
StrategicA TheMayorwillandboroughsandother
stakeholdersshould:
a supportthemanagementandmixedusedevelopmentandredevelopmentofofficeprovisiontoimproveLondon’scompetitivenessandtoaddressthewiderobjectivesofthisPlan,includingenhancingitsvariedattractionsforbusinessesofdifferenttypesandsizesincludingsmallandmediumsizedenterprises
b recogniseandaddressstrategicaswellaslocaldifferencesinimplementingthispolicyto:–meetthedistinctneedsofthecentral
Londonofficemarket,includingthenorthoftheIsleofDogs,bysustaininganddevelopingitsuniqueanddynamicclustersof‘worldcity’andotherspecialistfunctionsandbusinessenvironments,and
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–consolidateandextendthestrengthsofthediverseofficemarketselsewhereinthecapitalbypromotingtheircompetitiveadvantages,focusingnewdevelopmentonviablelocationswithgoodpublictransport,enhancingthebusinessenvironmentincludingthroughmixeduseredevelopment,andsupportingmanagedconversionofsurpluscapacitytomoreviable,complementaryuses
c encouragerenewalandmodernisationoftheexistingofficestockinviablelocationstoimproveitsqualityandflexibility
d seekincreasesinthecurrentstockwherethereisauthoritative,strategicandlocalevidenceofsustaineddemandforoffice-basedactivitiesinthecontextofpolicies2.7,2.9,2.13and2.15-2.17.
LDF preparationB LDFsshould:
a enhancetheenvironmentandofferofLondon’sofficelocationsintermsofphysicalattractiveness,amenities,ancillaryandsupportingactivitiesaswellasservices,accessibility,safetyandsecurity
bprovidethebasisforworkwiththeGLAGroup,investors,developers,landownersandpotentialoccupierstobringforwardandrenewdevelopmentcapacityasefficientlyaspossible,co-ordinatingtheiractivitiesandintereststoavoidplanningdelaysandfacilitatingsiteassembly,ifnecessary,throughthecompulsorypurchaseprocessandespeciallybeyondthecentralLondonofficemarket
c workwithsub-regionalpartnerstodevelopco-ordinated,phasedstrategiestomanagelongterm,structuralchangesintheofficemarket,focusing
newcapacitywherethereisstrategicaswellaslocalevidenceofdemand,encouragingrenewalandmodernisationinviablelocationsandsupportingchangesofsurplusofficespacetootheruses
dexaminethescopeforre-useofotherwisesurpluslargeofficespacesforsmallerunits.
4.10InrecentdecadesLondon’seconomyhasbeenincreasinglyservice-based,andthisislikelytocontinue.Asaresult,ensuringthereisenoughofficespaceoftherightkindintherightplacesisakeytaskfortheLondonplanningsystem.
4.11Resultsfromthe2009LondonOfficePolicyReview2indicatethatofficebasedemploymentmaygrowbysome303,000between2011and2031.Onthebasisofthis;acentralassumptionforofficeemploymentdensityof12sq.mperworker;net:grossdevelopmentratiosof75%-85%;andafrictionalvacancyrateofeightpercent,Londonmightneedanadditional3.9millionsqm(net)or4.6-5.2millionsq.m(gross)officefloorspaceby2031(seeTable4.1).However,particularlybeyondcentralLondon,historicperformancehasshownthatemploymentgrowthhasnottranslatedintoofficefloorspacedemand3.TheMayorisconcernedthattheplanningprocessshouldnotcompromisepotentialgrowth,so3.9millionsq.m(net)providesabroad,employmentbased,monitoringbenchmarkandwillbesetamongothersaddressingdevelopmenttrends,density,rents,take-upandvacancy.
The london plan 2011 london’S eConoMY
Table 4.1 Demand for office based employment and floorspace, 2011–2031
Location Office based employment growth Demand for office floorspace (million sqm)
Total % of total growth Net floorspace Gross floorspace(75% ratio)
Gross floorspace (85% ratio)
OuterLondon 59,000 20 0.77 1.03 0.91
InnerLondon* 67,000 22 0.86 1.15 1.01
CAZandthenorthoftheIsleofDogs
177,000 58 2.30 3.07 2.71
Londontotal 303,000 100 3.93 5.24 4.62
*ExcludingCAZandnorthofIsleofDogs.Source:GLA;derivedfromLondonOfficePolicyReview2009
4.12InformedbytherecommendationsoftheOuterLondonCommission(OLC)4,theMayorencouragestherenewalandmodernisationoftheofficestockinviablelocationsinouterandinnerLondonandurgesboroughstomanagechangesofsurplusofficespacetootheruses,providingoverallcapacityissustainedtomeetLondon’slong-termofficeneeds.ThefindingsoftheOLCandtheLondonOfficeReviewPanel(LORP)indicatethatthemostviablelocationsfortherenewalandmodernisationoftheofficestockinouterLondoninclude:• StrategicOuterLondonDevelopment
Centres(Policy2.16),particularlythestrategicofficecentresatCroydonandStratfordandelsewhereifjustifiedbydemand,forexampleatBrentCross
• mid-urbanbusinessparkssuchasthatwhichhasbeendevelopedatChiswick
• towncentrebasedofficequarters• conventionalbusinessparksbeyondthe
urbanarea,suchasthoseatStockleyParkandBedfontLakes,whichshouldworktowardsgreatertransportsustainability
• scienceandinnovationparks,rangingfromurbanincubatorunitstomorespaciousprovision
• existinglinearofficedevelopmentssuchasthe‘GoldenMile’inHounslow,whichshouldbemademoresustainableintransportterms
• locallyoriented,towncentrebasedofficeprovision,whichcanbeconsolidatedeffectivelytomeetlocalneeds,orwherenecessary,changedtootheruses.
4.13Localplansandstrategiesshouldsupporttheconversionofsurplusofficestootherusesandpromotemixedusedevelopmentinthelightofintegratedstrategicandlocalstudiesofofficedemand.InformedbytheindependentLondonOfficeReviewPanela‘plan,monitorandmanage’approachwillbeusedtoreconcileofficedemandandsupplyacrossthedevelopmentcycleslikelytobeencounteredovertheyearsto2031.Thismaywellprovidescopeforchangesfromsurplusofficetootheruses,especiallyhousing,providingoverallcapacityissustainedtomeetLondon’slong-termofficeneeds.Thescopeforre-useofotherwisesurpluslargeofficespaceforsmallerunitssuitableforSMEsshouldalsobeconsidered.
4.14IntheCAZandtheIsleofDogsthereremainsstronglong-termofficedemand,andasubstantialdevelopmentpipelinewhichispartlysubjecttotheimplementationofCrossrailandothersignificantinvestmentsintransportcapacity.Environmentalimprovementsintheselocationscontinuetobeneededtoenhanceitsattractionasaglobalbusinesslocation.
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POLiCy 4.3 mixEd UsE dEvELOPmEnT And OFFiCEs
StrategicA
aWithintheCentralActivitiesZoneandthenorthoftheIsleofDogsOpportunityArea(seeChapter2andAnnex1),increasesinofficefloorspaceshouldprovideforamixofusesincludinghousing,unlesssuchamixwoulddemonstrablyconflictwithotherpoliciesinthisplan
belsewhereinLondon,mixedusedevelopmentandredevelopmentshouldsupportconsolidationandenhancementstothequalityoftheremainingofficestockinthetypesofstrategicallyspecifiedlocationsidentifiedinparagraph4.12.
LDF preparationB LDFsshould:
a developpoliciesandstrategiestakingintoaccounttheabovespatialprinciples
bdeveloplocalapproachestomixedusedevelopmentandofficeprovisiontakingintoaccountthecontributionthat‘landuseswaps’,‘housingcredits’andoff-sitecontributionscanmake,especiallytosustainstrategicallyimportantclustersofcommercialactivitiessuchasthoseintheCityofLondonandthenorthoftheIsleofDogsOpportunityArea.InouterLondon,theconsolidationofsurplusofficeprovisioncanprovideopportunitiesto‘swap’newofficeprovisiontothemostviabletypesoflocationoutlinedinparagraph4.12.
4.15TheMayorencouragesmixedusedevelopment,withdifferentapproachesforplaceswherehighofficevalueswillgenerally
supportotheruses,andthosewherevaluesforotheruses(suchasresidential)maybehigherandsupportsomeofficespacerenewal.London’seconomicgrowthdependsheavilyonanefficientlabourmarketandthisinturnrequiresadequatehousingprovisiontosustainit.Thiscanbepartlyaddressedthroughmixedusedevelopment(seealsoChapter3).Theconceptsoflanduse‘swaps’and‘credits’(seeGlossary)cansupportthisprocessaspartoflocalapproachestoimplementationofthispolicyindifferingcircumstancesandmaybeco-ordinatedforapplicationacrossboroughboundariestosupportthebroaderobjectivesofthisPlan.
4.16BeyondCAZandthenorthoftheIsleofDogs,mixeduseredevelopmentcanplayaroleinpromotingselectiverenewalandmodernisationofthestockinappropriatelocations(seeparagraph4.12)anddeliveryofotherusesincludinghousingaspartofamanagedprocesstoconsolidatethestrengthsoftheofficemarket.Supplementaryguidancewillprovideguidanceonthisprocess5.
4.17WithintheCentralActivitiesZoneandthenorthoftheIsleofDogsOpportunityArea,strategicallyimportantofficedevelopmentshouldincludeotheruses,includinghousing.Asageneralprinciple,housingandotherusesshouldberequiredon-siteornearbytocreatemixeduseneighbourhoods.Exceptionstothisshouldonlybepermittedwheremixedusesmightcompromisebroaderobjectives,suchassustainingimportantclustersofbusinessactivity,forexampleinmuchoftheCityandthenorthoftheIsleofDogs,orwheregreaterhousingprovision,especiallyofaffordablefamilyhousing,canbesecuredbeyondthisarea.Insuchcircumstances,contributionstooff-sitehousingprovisionshouldberequiredaspartofaplanningagreement.
The london plan 2011 london’S eConoMY
POLiCy 4.4mAnAging indUsTRiAL LAnd And PREmisEs
StrategicA TheMayorwillworkwithboroughsand
otherpartnersto:
a adoptarigorousapproachtoindustriallandmanagementtoensureasufficientstockoflandandpremisestomeetthefutureneedsofdifferenttypesofindustrialandrelatedusesindifferentpartsofLondon,includingforgoodqualityandaffordablespace
bplan,monitorandmanagereleaseofsurplusindustriallandwherethisiscompatiblewitha)above,sothatitcancontributetostrategicandlocalplanningobjectives,especiallythosetoprovidemorehousing,and,inappropriatelocations,toprovidesocialinfrastructureandtocontributetotowncentrerenewal.
LDF preparationB LDFsshoulddemonstratehowtheborough
stockofindustriallandandpremisesinstrategicindustriallocations(Policy2.17),locallysignificantindustrialsitesandotherindustrialsiteswillbeplannedandmanagedinlocalcircumstancesinlinewiththisstrategicpolicyandthelocationstrategyinChapter2,takingaccountof:
a theneedtoidentifyandprotectlocallysignificantindustrialsiteswherejustifiedbyevidenceofdemand
b strategicandlocalcriteriatomanagetheseandotherindustrialsites
c theboroughlevelgroupingsfortransferofindustriallandtootheruses(seeMap4.1)andstrategicmonitoringbenchmarksforindustriallandreleaseinsupplementaryplanningguidance
d theneedforstrategicandlocalprovisionforwastemanagement,transportfacilities(includinginter-modalfreightinterchanges),logisticsandwholesalemarketswithinLondonandthewidercityregion;andtoaccommodatedemandforworkspaceforsmallandmediumsizedenterprisesandfornewandemergingindustrialsectorsincludingtheneedtoidentifysufficientcapacityforrenewableenergygeneration
e qualityandfitnessforpurposeofsitesf accessibilitytothestrategicroad
networkandpotentialfortransportofgoodsbyrailand/orwatertransport
gaccessibilitytothelocalworkforcebypublictransport,walkingandcycling
h integratedstrategicandlocalassessmentsofindustrialdemandtojustifyretentionandinformreleaseofindustrialcapacityinordertoachieveefficientuseofland
i thepotentialforsurplusindustriallandtohelpmeetstrategicandlocalrequirementsforamixofotherusessuchashousingand,inappropriatelocations,toprovidesocialinfrastructureandtocontributetotowncentrerenewal.
4.18Evenanincreasinglyservice-basedeconomyneedsspaceforlesshighvalueactivitiescrucialtosustainingthecity’smetabolism,including‘servicesfortheservicesector’,manufacturingandmaintenance,wastemanagementandrecycling,wholesaleandlogistics.SufficientspacetoaccommodatedemandforworkspacesuitableforSMEsandfornewandemergingindustriesisalsorequiredincludingfortheneedsofmicro-firms.
4.19TheMayorwillpromotearigorous,evidencebasedapproachtoreconciledemandandsupplyofindustriallandandtotakeaccountoftheneedsofindustrialandrelatedusesincludingwastemanagementin
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termsofclustering,capacity,environment,accessibilityandcostrequirementsthroughthreetypesoflocation:
•strategicindustriallocations(seePolicy 2.17)
•locallysignificantindustrialsites,and•otherindustrialsites.
4.20Tojustifystrategicrecognitionandprotection,locallysignificantindustrialsitesmustbedesignatedonthebasisofrobustevidencedemonstratingtheirparticularimportanceforlocalindustrialtypefunctions.InnerLondonsitesprovidingsustainabledistributionservicesfortheCentralActivities
ZoneandCanaryWharfmaybeparticularlyappropriateforthisdesignation.BoroughsshouldmakeexplicitinDPDsthetypesofusesconsideredappropriateinlocallysignificantindustrialsitesanddistinguishthesefrommorelocalindustrialareas.Indevelopingcriteriatoguidethemanagementoftheseandmorelocalcapacity,boroughsshouldtakeintoaccountguidanceintheMayor’sIndustrialCapacitySPG.
4.21Takingaccountoftrendsinthewiderangeofindustrialtypeactivitiesandscopeformoreefficientuseofindustrialcapacity,aswellasmorespecificrequirementsforwastemanagementandrecycling(Chapter5),
© Crown copyright. All rights reserved. Greater London Authority 100032216 (2011)
Restricted
Limited
ManagedManaged
London Subregion
Map 4.1 Borough level groupings for transfer of industrial land to other uses
i ManagedTransfer:Boroughsinthiscategorytypicallyhaveagreatersupplyofvacantindustrialsitesrelativetodemandandshouldgenerallyadoptarigorousbutsensitivelymanagedapproachtotransfer.
ii RestrictedTransfer:Boroughsinthiscategorytypicallyhavelowlevelsofindustriallandrelativetodemand
(particularlyforwastemanagementorlandforlogistics)and/orlowproportionsofindustriallandwithintheSILframework.Boroughsinthiscategoryareencouragedtoadoptamorerestrictiveapproachtotransfer.
iii LimitedTransfer:Anintermediatecategorybetweenthemanagedandrestrictedcategoriesabove.
THE LOndOn PLAn 2011 LOndOn’s ECOnOmy
researchsuggestsindustriallandusechangeshouldbemonitoredagainstbenchmarksbasedonanaverage,pan-Londonannualnetreleaseof41ha2006–20266.ThebroadboroughlevelgroupingsfortransferofindustriallandtootherusesinMap4.1indicatethatthescopefortransferisgreatestineastandpartsofnorthLondon,withmorerestrictedscopeforreleaseelsewhere.ThiswillrequirecarefulmanagementbyboroughsincollaborationwiththeMayor.
4.22Themonitoringbenchmarks,theboroughlevelgroupingsandimplementationofindustriallandreleasewillbekeptunderreviewandupdatedtorollthebenchmarksforwardtocovertheperiodupto2031throughsupplementaryguidance.WhereappropriatetheMayorwillworkwithpartnerstodevelopmoredetailedframeworkstomanagethereleaseofland,wherethiswillnotprejudicehiswiderplanningobjectives.
4.23Redevelopmentofsurplusindustriallandshouldaddressstrategicandlocalobjectivesparticularlyforhousing,andforsocialinfrastructuresuchaseducation,emergencyservicesandcommunityactivities.Inlocationsontheedgesoftowncentres,surplusindustriallandcouldbereleasedtosupportwidertowncentreobjectivessubjecttootherpoliciesinthePlan.
4.24TheMayorseekstoretainanefficientwholesalemarketfunctiontomeetLondon’srequirements.RedevelopmentofanyofthemarketsshouldnotcompromiseopportunitiestoconsolidatecompositewholesalemarketfunctionstomeetLondon’slongtermwholesalingneedsatWesternInternational,NewCoventGardenandNewSpitalfields7.
POLiCy 4.5LOndOn’s visiTOR inFRAsTRUCTURE
StrategicA TheMayorwill,andboroughsandrelevant
stakeholdersshould:
a supportLondon’svisitoreconomyandstimulateitsgrowth,takingintoaccounttheneedsofbusinessaswellasleisurevisitorsandseekingtoimprovetherangeandqualityofprovisionespeciallyinouterLondon
b seektoachieve40,000netadditionalhotelbedroomsby2031,ofwhichatleast10percent8shouldbewheelchairaccessible
c ensurethatnewvisitoraccommodationisinappropriatelocations:
– beyondtheCentralActivitiesZone(CAZ)itshouldbefocussedintowncentresandopportunityandintensificationareas,wherethereisgoodpublictransportaccesstocentralLondonandinternationalandnationaltransporttermini
– withintheCAZstrategicallyimportanthotelprovisionshouldbefocussedonitsopportunityareas,withsmallerscaleprovisioninCAZfringelocationswithgoodpublictransport.Furtherintensificationofprovisioninareasofexistingconcentrationshouldberesisted,exceptwherethiswillnotcompromiselocalamenityorthebalanceoflocallanduses.
Itmaybeappropriatetolocatevisitoraccommodationrelatedtomajorvisitorattractionsofsub-regionalorgreatersignificanceinlocationsotherthanthosesetoutinthisparagraph,butonlywhereitcanbeshownthatnosuitablesiteinoneoftheselocationsexistsand
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thatthereisaclearlinkinscale,natureandlocation(particularlydemonstratingsufficientproximitytominimisetheoverallneedtotravelandmaximisewalkingandcycling)betweentheaccommodationandtheattractionbeingserved.
d supportprovisionforbusinessvisitors,includinghighquality,largescaleconventionfacilitiesinoraroundtheCAZ
e recognisetheneedforapart-hotelsinthecontextofthebroaderpoliciesofthisPlan
f promote,enhanceandprotectthespecialcharacteristicsofmajorclustersofvisitorattractionsincludingthoseidentifiedinStrategicCulturalAreasinMap4.2.
Planning decisionsB Developmentsshould:
a contributetowardsthehotelprovisiontargetandensurethatatleast10percentofbedroomsarewheelchairaccessible
bbeconsistentwiththestrategiclocationprinciplessetoutabove
c notresultinthelossofstrategicallyimportanthotelcapacity9.
LDF preparationC LDFsshould:
a seektoensurethatallnewvisitoraccommodationmeetsthehigheststandardsofaccessibilityandinclusionandencourageapplicantstosubmitanaccessibilitymanagementplanwiththeirproposals
bpromotehighqualitydesignofnewvisitoraccommodationsothatitmaybeaccreditedbytheNationalQualityAssuranceScheme
c identifyopportunitiesforrenovationoftheexistingvisitoraccommodationstock
dpromoteandfacilitatedevelopmentofarangeofvisitoraccommodation,suchashotels,bedandbreakfastaccommodation,self-cateringfacilities,youthhostelsandcampingandcaravansites
e supportandencouragedevelopmentofgoodqualitybudgetcategoryhotels,especiallyinouterLondon.
4.25Visitorsplayanimportantpartinthecity’seconomy.In2007,Londonattractedover26millionovernightvisitors,comprising16millionfromoverseasand10millionfromtheUK10.Asignificantnumberoftheseareforbusinesspurposes.Thecapitalalsoreceivedatleast130milliondayvisitorsayear11.Togethertheyhelpedtosupport253,000jobs,nearly5.5percentofthetotalemploymentforLondon.
4.26TheMayor’sTourismVision12setsoutkeyobjectivestodevelopthequalityofaccommodation;enhancevisitorperceptionsofvalueformoneyandimprovetheinclusivityandaccessibilityofthevisitorexperience.ToensureadequatehotelprovisionthisPlansetsatargetof40,000netadditionalhotelroomsby203113,recognisingthatoverthisperiodLondonmay‘mature’asavisitordestinationleadingtoareductioninhistoricgrowthrates14.Thistrendwillbemonitoredclosely.
4.27Improvingtheavailabilityofhotelaccommodationthatisgenuinelyaccessibletoallisaparticularpriorityandatleast10percentofnewprovisionshouldbewheelchairaccessible.TheMayorwillprepareguidanceonaccessiblehotelaccommodationandontheimplementationofaccessibilitymanagementplans.
4.28Withtheirrichheritageanduniqueoffers,thestrategicculturalareas(seeMap4.2
THE LOndOn PLAn 2011 LOndOn’s ECOnOmy
andparagraph4.33)areidentifiedasLondon’smajorclustersofvisitorattractions.OtherlocationssuchasouterLondontowncentresandespeciallythoseidentifiedinPolicy2.16withspecialiststrengthsinleisure/tourism,shouldplayanincreasingroleinprovisionforvisitors15inordertoextendthebenefitsoftourismacrossthecapitalandreducepressuresoncentralLondon.Forexample,optionsforacruiselinerterminalinanappropriatelocationsuchasGreenwichPeninsula,andcapturingtheregenerationbenefitsofstrategicsportingattractions,shouldbeexplored.ThereisscopetodevelopLondon’shistoricenvironmentandnaturallandscapeasvisitorattractions,workingwiththenewLondonandPartnersagency,establishedtopromotethecapital,andwithotherpartnersto
takeamoreco-ordinatedapproachtodevelopingandmarketinggroupsofouterLondonattractions.
4.29Generally,developmentofvisitoraccommodationandotherancillaryprovisionrelatedtomajorvisitorattractionsshouldsupporttheprinciplesofPolicy4.5Ac.However,theremaybeexceptionalcircumstanceswhereaccommodationandotherancillaryprovisionrelatedtoamajorvisitorattractionmaybejustifiable.SuchexceptionsshouldonlybepermittedwhereitcanbeshownthatnositecomplyingwithPolicy4.5Acexists,andwhereclearlinksbetweentheattractionandtheproposedaccommodationcanbedemonstratedintermsofscale,natureandlocation.Anyproposalofthiskindwouldhavetobejustifiedintermsoftheotherpoliciesin
thisPlan,particularlythestrongsupport fortheGreenBeltandMetropolitanOpen
Landinpolicies7.16and7.17wheretheseareapplicable.
Map 4.2 London’s Strategic Cultural AreasMap 4.2 London’s Strategic Cultural Areas
© Crown copyright. All rights reserved. Greater London Authority 100032216 (2011)
1: West End2: South Bank/Bankside/London Bridge3: Barbican4: Wembley5: Greenwich Riverside6: South Kensington Museum Complex /Royal Albert Hall7: London’s Arcadia8: Olympic Park9: Lee Valley Regional Park
Site boundaries shown on the map are indicative and and include areas with other land uses, particularly in Outer London.
Strategic Cultural Areas
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4.30Providingaworld-classexperienceisvitaltoencouragingrepeatvisitorsandthequalityofLondon’svisitoraccommodationiscentraltothis.Accommodationprovidersareencouragedtojoinnationalqualityassuranceschemes16andtoextendtherangeofproductstomeetcustomerexpectationsatalllevelsincludingbudgetprovisionsuchasbedandbreakfast,youthhostels,andcampingandcaravansites.Inconsideringproposalsforapart-hotels,boroughsshouldtakeparticularaccountoftheirpotentialimpactsonhousingcapacity.TheMayoralsosupportsamoresustainableapproachtothewaythetourismindustryoperatesinLondon,seekingtoreducecarbondioxideemissions,wateruseandwastegenerationthroughhisGreenTourismforLondonprogramme17,throughhispublicLondoncyclehirescheme,andthroughtheLegibleLondonproject,makingiteasierforvisitorstofindtheirwayonfoot.
4.31EnhancingprovisionforbusinessvisitorsisaMayoralpriorityandrequiresimprovementsnotjusttothequalityofaccommodationbutalsotothewiderrangeofservicesrequiredbythissectionofthemarket,includingcapacityforhighquality,large-scaleconventioncentrefunctionsinoraroundtheCAZ.
POLiCy 4.6sUPPORT FOR And EnHAnCEmEnT OF ARTs, CULTURE, sPORT And EnTERTAinmEnT PROvisiOn
StrategicA TheMayorwill,andboroughsandother
stakeholdersshould,supportthecontinuedsuccessofLondon’sdiverserangeofarts,cultural,professionalsportingandentertainmententerprisesandthecultural,socialandeconomicbenefitsthattheyoffertoitsresidents,workersandvisitors.
Planning decisions BDevelopmentsshould:
a fulfilthesequentialapproachandwherenecessary,completeanimpactassessment(seePolicy4.7)
bbelocatedonsiteswherethereisgoodexistingorplannedaccessbypublictransport
c beaccessibletoallsectionsofthecommunity,includingdisabledandolderpeople
daddressdeficienciesinfacilitiesandprovideaculturalfocustofostermoresustainablelocalcommunities.
LDF preparation CInpreparingLDFs,boroughsshould:
a enhanceandprotectcreativeworkandperformancespacesandrelatedfacilitiesinparticularinareasofdefinedneed
b supportthetemporaryuseofvacantbuildingsforperformanceandcreativework
c designateanddevelopculturalquarterstoaccommodatenewarts,culturalandleisureactivities,enablingthemtocontributemoreeffectivelytoregeneration
dpromoteanddevelopexistingandnewculturalandvisitorattractionsespeciallyinouterLondonandwheretheycancontributetoregenerationandtowncentrerenewal
e developinnovativeapproachestomanagingpressuresonhighvolumevisitorareasandtheirenvironments
f identify,manageandco-ordinatestrategicandmorelocalclustersofeveningandnighttimeentertainmentactivitiesto– addressneed,– providepublictransport,policingand
environmentalservices;and
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– minimiseimpactonotherlandusestakingaccountofthecumulativeeffectsofnighttimeusesandsaturationlevelsbeyondwhichtheyhaveunacceptableimpactsontheenvironmentalstandardsbefittingaworldcityandqualityoflifeforlocalresidents
gprovideartsandculturalfacilitiesinmajormixedusedevelopments
h seektoenhancetheeconomiccontributionandcommunityroleofarts,cultural,professionalsportingandentertainmentfacilities.
4.32London’sculturalandcreativesectorsarecentraltothecity’seconomicandsocialsuccess18.TheMayor’sCultural Metropolis19seekstomaintainthecapital’sstatusasoneofgreatestworldcitiesforcultureandcreativity,andaddressestheneedtoincreasetheprovisionofartsandculturefacilitiesinouterLondon,providingtargetedsupportforthecreativeindustries.Supplementaryguidancewillprovidefurtherguidanceonidentificationofareaswheretherearedeficienciesinartsandculturalfacilities.
4.33London’sinternationallyrenownedhistoricenvironment,naturallandscapeandculturalinstitutions,includingmuseums,galleriesandtheatres,areadefiningpartofthecapital’sheritageaswellasmajorvisitorattractions.Strategicculturalareas(Map4.2andPolicy4.5Af)identify,protectandseektoenhancesignificantclustersoftheseinstitutionsandtheirsettingsincludingTheatrelandintheWestEnd,theSouthBank/Bankside/LondonBridge,theBarbican,Wembley,GreenwichRiverside,theSouthKensingtonmuseumscomplex/RoyalAlbertHall,‘London’sArcadia’20coveringstrategicheritagesitesinWestLondon,andtheOlympicPark/LeeValleyRegionalPark.Otherarts,culturalandheritagefacilitiesofmorethanlocalimportance,forexampleassociatedwiththe
AngelIslingtonandFairfieldHalls,shouldbeidentifiedinLDFs.TheMayorwillworkwithVisitLondonandothersindevelopingtheconcepttocoverotherstrategicclustersofvisitorattractions,takingaccountoftherecommendationsoftheOuterLondonCommission(seeparagraph2.35).
4.34Culturealsoplaysavaluableroleinplaceshaping,especiallybyengagingyoungerpeopleinwidercommunityactivity.ItisthereforeimportanttoexpandLondon’sculturalofferbeyondcentralLondonandespeciallytotowncentresandtheopportunitiesoftheOlympicParkandThamesGateway,aswellasmaintainingandenhancingthequalityoffacilitiesinandaroundCAZ.
4.35BoroughsshouldworkwitharangeofpartnerstodesignateanddevelopculturalquartersinLDFsandthroughdevelopmentbriefs,drawingonprioritiesoutlinedintheMayor’sCulturalStrategy.Thesequarterscanhelpmeettheneedforaffordableworkspaceforcreativeindustries,includingflexiblelive/workspace;encourageclustersofactivityandprovideacatalystforlocalregeneration.Takingaccountofstrategicprioritiesforplanningobligations(Policy8.2),boroughsareencouragedtoensureculturalobjectivesareaddressedinmajordevelopmentproposals.
4.36Londonisagreatcityfornighttimeentertainmentandsocialising,withauniqueselectionofbars,restaurants,performingartsvenues,cinemasandnightclubs.ThenighttimeeconomyalsoformsanimportantpartofLondon’seconomy21.TheMayorencouragesasupportiveapproachtoplanningthesediversenighttimeactivitiesinappropriatelocations.LDFsshouldrecogniseandaddresstheopportunitiesandchallengesposedbythestrategicallyimportantclustersofnighttimeactivitiesconcentratedinsome
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ofthemaintowncentresandpartsofCAZanditsfringe(seeMap4.3andAnnex2).ThestrategicclusterinCoventGarden/SohomakesaparticularcontributiontoLondon’sworldcityofferaswellasmeetingLondoners’needs.
4.37Boroughsshouldtakeanevidence-basedapproachtomanagingthenighttimeeconomythroughanintegratedrangeofmeasuresincludingplanning,licensing,policing,transportandstreetcleaning22.Thiswillrequiretheco-ordinationandco-operationoflocalauthoritiesandtheirpartners,aswellasresidents,businessesandtheircustomers.Integrationofplanningandlicensingpolicies,whileavoidingduplication,isessentialtomanageunacceptablecumulativeimpactsandsaturationofnighttimeeconomyactivitiesinanarea.Whenaddressingsaturation,licensing-basedpoliciescanbeusedtoformpartofanintegratedpackageofmeasures,andshould
bereviewedregularly23.Whenmanagingcumulativeimpact,boroughsareencouragedtoincludepoliciesinLDFstoinfluencethescaleandnatureofnighttimeeconomydevelopment,regardingtheuseclass,timeofoperation,sizeofpremisesandproportionsofretailfrontagesindifferentnighttimeeconomyareas.
4.38Localcircumstanceswilldeterminewhethernighttimeeconomyactivitiesshouldbeencouragedtodevelopinaspecificzone,orbespreadmorewidely.Inlargecentresthedevelopmentofanighttimeeconomy‘quarter’orzonemaybemoreappropriateformanagementpurposesandenableanappropriatemixofusestobeencouraged24.
4.39Boroughsshouldencourageadiverserangeofnighttimeactivities,expandingcultureandleisurevenuesotherthaneatinganddrinking.Thisdiversificationcanenableamixofactivitiesinthepublicrealmandhelp
© Crown copyright. All rights reserved. Greater London Authority 100032216 (2011)
Strategic clustersof night time activity
International importance
Regional/sub-regionalimportanceSpecialist provision of morethan local importance
Map 4.3 Night time economy clusters of strategic importance.
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keeppublicspacessafe.Itcanalsoattractawiderrangeofvisitorstotowncentresatnight,includingthosewhofeelexcludedfromalcohol-drivenentertainmentactivities.ThisisparticularlyimportanttoouterLondon,wherethereisadeficiencyinaccesstootherleisurefacilitiessuchascinemas.
POLiCy 4.7RETAiL And TOwn CEnTRE dEvELOPmEnT
StrategicA TheMayorsupportsastrong,partnership
approachtoassessingneedandbringingforwardcapacityforretail,commercial,cultureandleisuredevelopmentintowncentres(seePolicy2.15).
Planning decisionsBIntakingplanningdecisionsonproposed
retailandtowncentredevelopment,thefollowingprinciplesshouldbeapplied:
a thescaleofretail,commercial,cultureandleisuredevelopmentshouldberelatedtothesize,roleandfunctionofatowncentreanditscatchment
b retail,commercial,cultureandleisuredevelopmentshouldbefocusedonsiteswithintowncentres,orifnoin-centresitesareavailable,onsitesontheedgesofcentresthatare,orcanbe,wellintegratedwiththeexistingcentreandpublictransport
c proposalsfornew,orextensionstoexisting,edgeoroutofcentredevelopmentwillbesubjecttoanassessmentofimpact.
LDF preparation CInpreparingLDFs,boroughsshould:
a identifyfuturelevelsofretailandothercommercialfloorspaceneedinlightofintegratedstrategicandlocalassessments
bundertakeregulartowncentrehealthcheckstoinformstrategicandlocalpolicyandimplementation
c takeaproactivepartnershipapproachtoidentifycapacityandbringforwarddevelopmentwithinor,whereappropriate,ontheedgeoftowncentres
dfirmlyresistinappropriateoutofcentredevelopment
e manageexistingoutofcentreretailandleisuredevelopmentinlinewiththesequentialapproach,seekingtoreducecardependency,improvepublictransport,cyclingandwalkingaccessandpromotemoresustainableformsofdevelopment.
4.40London’slong-termhouseholdexpenditureisprojectedtorisefrom£89billionin2006toover£160billionby2031.Takingaccountofgrowthincommuterandtouristspending,retailersmakingmoreefficientuseofexistingspaceandnewformsofretailinglikee-tailing,itisestimatedthatLondonhasa‘grosstotal’needforanadditional1.8-2.9millionsq.mcomparisongoodsretailfloorspaceby203125.Whenschemesintheplanningpipelinearefactoredintotheanalysis,Londonwillstillneedanadditional1.3-2.2millionsq.mcomparisongoodsretailfloorspaceby2031.
4.41AlmosthalfthegrosstotalneedforadditionalcomparisongoodsretailfloorspaceisinouterLondonandaboutaquarterisintheCAZ.Guidanceonthemorelocaldistributionoftheserequirementswillbesetoutinsupplementaryguidanceontowncentres,retailandleisure.
4.42Convenienceretailexpenditureisexpectedtoincreaseby1.5percentperannumbetween2006and2031.ItisestimatedthatLondonwillrequireanadditional0.1-0.3millionsqmconvenienceretailfloorspaceingrossterms
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by2016,thoughthiswillbereducediftheexistingdevelopmentpipelineisbuiltout26.IntegratedstrategicandlocalassessmentsofneedandcapacityforcomparisonandconveniencegoodsretailwillbeanimportantpartoftheprocessforLDFpreparation.
4.43Tomeetidentifiedneedsandtosupportthevitalityandviabilityoftowncentres(seePolicy2.15),theMayorsupportsaproactiveapproachtomanaginggrowthwithinandontheedgesoftowncentres,andencouragesjointworkbetweenpublicandprivatesectorstoidentifyandbringforwardnewretail,leisureandcommercialdevelopmentopportunities.Boroughsareencouragedtoconsidertheuseofcompulsorypurchasepowerstofacilitatelandassemblyfortowncentredevelopmentwhereappropriate.Incarryingouttowncentrehealthchecks,boroughsshouldincludeanassessmentofthecapacityofeachtowncentretoaccommodateadditionalretailandothercommercialdevelopmentappropriatetoitsrolewithinthenetwork.ThissupplysideassessmentshouldbesetagainstanassessmentoftheneedfornewdevelopmentonaboroughandLondonwidebasis.Whereneedisestablished,boroughsshouldadoptasequentialapproachtoidentifyingsuitablesitestoaccommodateit.
4.44AreasinandaroundtowncentreswillbemostappropriateforhigherdensitydevelopmentinlinewiththelocationalstrategyinChapter2.Developmentofedge-of-centrelocationsshouldbewellintegratedwiththetowncentre,particularlyintermsofprovidingsafe,convenientandattractiveaccessbywalkingandcycling.
4.45New,orextensionstoexisting,outofcentreretailingandleisuredevelopmentcancompromisethestrong‘towncentresfirst’policy(seealsoPolicy2.15)whichisessentialtoLondon’sdevelopment
asasustainable,liveablecityaswellasexacerbatingroadtrafficcongestionand,forthelargenumbersofLondonerswhodonothaveacar,underminingthisPlan’ssocialinclusionpolicies.InappropriateoutofcentredevelopmentincludesthatwhichcausesharmtotheobjectivesofthisPlan,whichfailstofulfiltherequirementsofthesequentialtest,orwhichgivesrisetosignificantadverseimpacts(forexample,onthevitalityandviabilityofexistingtowncentres,accessibilitybyachoiceofmeansoftransportorimpactsonoveralltravelpatterns).
4.46Londonhasalegacyofout-andedge-of-centreretailandothertowncentretypeactivitieswhichareheavilycardependent.Theyshouldbemanagedinwaysthatreducethisdependencyandimprovepublictransport,cyclingandpedestrianaccess.Insomecircumstances,generallyrelatingtoedgeofcentredevelopments,theremaybepotentialforawidermixofusesandgreaterintegrationwithexistingcentres.
POLiCy 4.8 sUPPORTing A sUCCEssFUL And divERsE RETAiL sECTOR
StrategicA TheMayorwill,andboroughsandother
stakeholdersshould,supportasuccessful,competitiveanddiverseretailsectorwhichpromotessustainableaccesstothegoodsandservicesthatLondonersneedandthebroaderobjectivesofthespatialstructureofthisPlan,especiallytowncentres(Policy2.15).
Planning decisions and LDF preparation
BLDFsshouldtakeaproactiveapproachtoplanningforretailingand:
a bringforwardcapacityforadditionalcomparisongoodsretailingparticularly
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inInternational,MetropolitanandMajorcentres
b supportconvenienceretailparticularlyinDistrict,Neighbourhoodandmorelocalcentres,tosecureasustainablepatternofprovisionandstrong,lifetimeneighbourhoods(seePolicy7.1)
c provideapolicyframeworkformaintaining,managingandenhancinglocalandneighbourhoodshoppingandfacilitieswhichprovidelocalgoodsandservices,anddeveloppoliciestopreventthelossofretailandrelatedfacilitiesthatprovideessentialconvenienceandspecialistshopping
didentifyareasunder-servedinlocalconvenienceshoppingandservicesprovisionandsupportadditionalfacilitiesatanappropriatescaleinlocationsaccessiblebywalking,cyclingandpublictransporttoserveexistingornewresidentialcommunities
e supporttherangeofLondon’smarkets,includingstreet,farmers’and,whererelevant,strategicmarkets,complementingothermeasurestoimprovetheirmanagement,enhancetheirofferandcontributetothevitalityoftowncentres
f supportthedevelopmentofe-tailingandmoreefficientdeliverysystems.
4.47Avibrant,diverseretailsectorisessentialtoLondon’ssuccess.NotonlyisitvitaltoensuringthatLondonershaveaccesstothegoodsandservicestheyneed,butitplaysakeyroleinLondon’seconomy,employingover400,000people27andsupportingtheeconomicvitalityandhealthofthewholerangeoftowncentresacrossLondon,fromitsinternationalcentresintheWestEnd
andKnightsbridgetothelargenumberofsmallerlocalcentresandparadesofshopsinouterLondon.
4.48Largercentresareappropriatelocationsforaccommodatingmuchofthegrowthincomparisongoodsretailexpenditureandfloorspacebecausetheyarethemostaccessiblebypublictransportandhavegreatercapacitytoprovidechoiceandcompetition.Whileprovisiontomeetneedforconveniencegoodscanbemadeinlargercentres,smallercentres,especiallydistrict,neighbourhoodandmorelocalcentres,areparticularlysuitableforaccommodatinggrowthinconveniencefloorspace,providingthenewshopsareofappropriatescale.Thisisbecausetheyformadensernetworkandareparticularlyaccessiblebywalkingandcyclingaswellaspublictransport.Theavailabilityofaccessiblelocalshopsandrelatedusesmeetinglocalneedsforgoodsandservices(includingpostofficesandpublichouses)isalsoimportantinsecuring‘lifetimeneighbourhoods’(seePolicy7.1)–placesthatarewelcoming,accessibleandinvitingtoeveryoneregardlessofage,healthordisabilityandwhichprovidelocalfacilitiesavailabletoall.
4.49TheMayorrecognisesthatstreetandfarmers’marketscanmakevaluableanddistinctivecontributionstomeetingLondoners’varieddietaryrequirementsandextendingcompetitivechoiceandaccesstoarangeofgoods,aswellascontributingtothevitalityandwiderofferoftowncentres.StrategicmarketssuchasPortobelloRoad,Borough,andColumbiaRoadhaveawiderthansub-regionalofferandaresignificantattractionsforLondonersandvisitorsalike.Researchshowsthatwhilesomemarketsarethrivingothersfacearangeofchallenges28.Theplanningsystemcanhelpaddresssomeofthese,butbroaderactionsareoftenrequired,especiallyintermsofmanagementandinvestment.Theseareusuallylocalmattersbutgiventheimportanceofmarkets
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toLondoners,theyarecumulativelyofstrategicimportance.TheMayorencouragesandsupportsboroughsandotherstakeholdersintacklingtheseissuesinlightoflocalcircumstancesandinthecontextofhisbroaderpoliciestoenhancetowncentresandfosteravibrantretailsectorinthecapital.FurtherguidanceonmarketprovisionwillbeprovidedintheTownCentresSPG.
4.50Localretailstrategiesdevelopedinpartnershipbetweencommunities,theretailindustryandlocalauthoritiescanidentifyareasunder-servedbyessentialretailfacilitiesandestablishthemeanstostimulateinvestmentandregeneration.InLDFs,boroughsshouldconsideropportunitiesforneworexpandedlocalcentreswherethereiscapacitytomeettheneedsofexistingunder-servedareasornewresidentialcommunities.Co-ordinatedplanningandotherinterventionsmayberequiredtoretainfacilitiessuchascornershopsorsmallparades(suchasthoseinhousingestates)thatprovideanessentialsocialfunctionbutareonthemarginsofeconomicviability.Improvementsine-infrastructureshouldbeencouragedtoenhanceaccesstoacompetitivechoiceofgoodsandservicesforallcommunities.
POLiCy 4.9smALL sHOPs
Planning decisions AInconsideringproposalsforlargeretail
developments,theMayorwill,andBoroughsshould,considerimposingconditionsorseekingcontributionsthroughplanningobligationswhereappropriate,feasibleandviable,toprovideorsupportaffordableshopunitssuitableforsmallorindependentretailersandserviceoutletsand/ortostrengthenandpromotetheretailoffer,attractivenessandcompetitivenessofcentres.
LDF preparation BInLDFs,Boroughsshoulddeveloplocal
policieswhereappropriatetosupporttheprovisionofsmallshopunits.
4.51TheMayoriscommittedtosupportingtowncentres,adynamic,competitiveanddiverseretailsectorandsmallandmediumsizedenterprises.InpartsofLondon,smallshopsareinshortsupplyandaffordabilityisakeyconcern,particularlyforindependentretailersandsmallenterprises.Inconsideringproposalsforlargeretaildevelopments(typicallyover2,500sqm),theMayorandboroughsmayimposeplanningconditionsorseektonegotiateplanningobligationswhereappropriate,feasibleandviable,tomitigatethelossof,and/orprovideorsupportaffordableshopunitssuitableforsmallorindependenttraders.Thispolicycanalsobeusedtosupportimprovementsandmeasurestohelpstrengthentheretailoffer,attractivenessandcompetitivenessofcentresthroughstepstoimproveenvironmentalquality,asappropriateandhavingregardtoprovisionsonStateAid.Inrelationtodistrictandlocalcentres,boroughsmaywishtousealowerthresholdrecognisingthescaleofdevelopmentsthatmaybelikelyatsuchcentres.
4.52TheappropriatenessofapplicationofthispolicywilldependuponlocalcircumstancesandshouldbeweighedagainstotherstrategicprioritiesforplanningobligationssetoutinPolicy8.2,andtakeaccountofotherpoliciesonplaceshaping(Policy7.1)andtowncentres(2.15,4.7and4.8).Accountshouldalsobetakenofsitecharacteristicsandpracticalconsiderationsincludingdesignandlayout.Viabilityisalsoaconsideration,includingitsbearingondevelopmentcostsandotherpriorityplanningobligations.Whererelevant,thenumberandsizeofunitsshouldbedeterminedonthemeritsofeachcase.Tosecureaffordabilityinthelonger
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term,theobligationshouldincludemeasurestosecuretheiraffordabilityovertime.Supplementaryguidancewillprovidefurtheradviceonimplementingthispolicy.
New and emerging economic sectors
POLiCy 4.10nEw And EmERging ECOnOmiC sECTORs
Strategic, planning decisions and LDF preparation
ATheMayorwill,andboroughsandotherrelevantagenciesandstakeholdersshould:
a supportinnovationandresearch,includingstrongpromotionofLondonasaresearchlocationandencouragetheapplicationoftheproductsofresearchinthecapital’seconomicdevelopment
bgivestrongsupportforLondon’shigherandfurthereducationinstitutionsandtheirdevelopment,recognisingtheirneedsforaccommodationandthespecialstatusofthepartsofLondonwheretheyarelocated,particularlytheBloomsbury/EustonandStranduniversityprecincts
c workwithbusinessesand,whereappropriate,highereducationinstitutionsandotherrelevantresearchandinnovationagenciestoensureavailabilityofworkspaces
d supportthedevelopmentofgreenenterprisedistrictssuchasthatproposedintheThamesGateway
epromoteclustersofresearchandinnovationasfocalpointsforresearchandcollaborationbetweenbusinesses,HEIs,otherrelevantresearchandinnovationagenciesandindustry.
4.53Neweconomicsectorswillemergeandgrowinimportancebetweennowand2031.ThisPlanprovidestheplanning
frameworktocomplementtheEDSandsupportdevelopmentthroughtheplanningsystemincludinguseofplanningobligationsandlandacquisitionpowers,forexample,tosupportbiomedicalresearchanddevelopment.ThisPlan’smanagedapproachtoprovisionforofficesandindustrialtypeactivitieswillhelpunderpininnovativefirmsseekingaffordablepremises,aswellasensuringthereisadequatecapacitytoaccommodateinnovationamongmoreestablishedbusinessesandthosewhichhavebespokerequirementsforscienceandtechnologyparktypeenvironments(seepolicies2.7,2.17,4.2and4.4).
4.54TheMayorstronglysupportsmeasurestosecureanddevelopLondon’sleadingroleasacentreofhigherandfurthereducationofnationalandinternationalimportance.TheseareimportanteconomicsectorsintheirownrightwithakeyparttoplayindevelopingLondon’sworldcityoffer,aswellashavingconsiderablepotentialforgreatersynergiesinfosteringinnovationintheprivate,andotherpartsofthepublicsectorsuchastheNationalHealthService.Policy2.11underpinstheMayor’scommitmenttoaddressingtheiraccommodationneedsinthedistinctcircumstancesofcentralLondon,andmoregenerallythroughpolicies3.2,3.17and3.18.Hewillsupportabroadlybasedforumofacademicandotherstakeholderstoaddresstheseandotherrequirements.
4.55TheMayor’scommitmenttotacklingtheeffectsofclimatechangethroughnewdevelopmentandhissupportforretrofittingthesubstantialstockofexistingbuildingsmeanthatLondoniswellpositionedtoaccommodateexpansionofthe‘green’businesssector,withopportunitiesinrenewableenergy,lowcarbontechnology,wastereductionandrecycling.Forexample,theMayorispromotinga‘GreenEnterpriseDistrict’intheThamesGatewaystretching
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fromtheLowerLeetoLondonRiverside,aconceptthatcouldbeextendedtootherpartsofLondon.
POLiCy 4.11EnCOURAging A COnnECTEd ECOnOmy
Strategic ATheMayorandtheGLAGroupwill,andall
otherstrategicagenciesshould:
a facilitatetheprovisionanddeliveryoftheinformationandcommunicationstechnology(ICT)infrastructureamodernanddevelopingeconomyneeds,particularlytoensure:adequateandsuitablenetworkconnectivityacrossLondon(includingwelldesignedandlocatedstreet-basedapparatus);datacentrecapability;suitableelectricalpowersuppliesandsecurityandresilience;andaffordable,competitivebroadbandaccessmeetingtheneedsofenterprisesandindividuals
b supporttheuseofinformationandcommunicationstechnologytoenableeasyandrapidaccesstoinformationandservicesandsupportwaysofworkingthatdeliverwiderplanning,sustainabilityandqualityoflifebenefits.
4.56Successfulservice-basedeconomieslikeLondonincreasinglydependuponinfrastructurefacilitatingrapidtransferofinformation,speedyandeasyaccesstoadviceandservicesandaflexibleapproachtowhereworktakesplaceandwhen.Thiscanalsohelpdeliverwiderplanningobjectives,suchasreducingcongestionontrafficnetworksatpeakhoursbysupportingformsofhomeworkingandfacilitatinggreatereconomicdevelopmentinouterLondon.Increasingly,thiswillmeanlookingtotheinfrastructureneededtosupport‘ubiquitousnetworks’–thosesupportinguseofarange
ofdevicestoaccessICTservicesbeyonddesk-basedpersonalcomputers,andtheMayorwillexaminetheplanningissuesthesemightraise.
4.57TheMayorwishestoensuresufficientICTconnectivitytoenablecommunicationanddatatransferwithinLondon,andbetweenLondon,therestoftheUKandglobally.Hewillworkwithinfrastructureproviders,developersandotherstakeholderstosupportcompetitivechoiceandaccesstocommunicationstechnology,notjustinstrategicbusinesslocationsbutmorebroadlyforfirmsandresidentselsewhereininnerandouterLondon,andtoaddresse-exclusion,especiallyamongdisadvantagedgroups.Inparticular,hewillsupportthedevelopmentandextensionofhighspeedsymmetricalbroadbandnetworks.Inensuringrobuste-infrastructurecapacityadditionaldatacentres(facilitieshousingcomputerandassociatedsystems)mayberequired,togetherwithreliable,sustainableandresilientelectricitysupplies.Thesewillbeappropriateusesinpreferredindustriallocationsandindustrialbusinessparks.Appropriatelylocatedanddesignedstreet-basedapparatuswillalsobeneeded.
Improving opportunities for all
POLiCy 4.12imPROving OPPORTUniTiEs FOR ALL
StrategicA Workingwithstrategicpartners,principally
theLondonEnterprisePartnership,theMayorwillprovidethespatialcontexttoco-ordinatetherangeofnationalandlocalinitiativesnecessarytoimproveemploymentopportunitiesforLondoners,toremovebarrierstoemploymentandprogressionandtotacklelowparticipationinthelabourmarket.
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Planning decisions BStrategicdevelopmentproposals
shouldsupportlocalemployment,skillsdevelopmentandtrainingopportunities.
4.58Withagrowingworkingagepopulation,itwillbeessentialtoensurethatLondonersareabletoaccessjobsandotheropportunitieswithintheircity.Thiswillalsobringtransportandenvironmentalbenefitsbyreducingtheneedforlongerdistancecommuting.WhileLondonhasexperiencedgrowthintermsofeconomyandemployment,therearestilllargeinequalitiesinaccesstojobsandlevelsofworklessnessinthecapital.LondonersfromBlack,Asianandminorityethnic(BAME)groupsforinstancearemorethantwiceaslikelytobeunemployedasthosefromWhitegroups.
4.59ThefirststepinaddressingtheseissuesistobuildonLondon’sstrengths–itsworld-renownedhighereducationinstitutions,thehighestskilledworkforceinEurope,theknowledgebaseandcreativityofitsbusinesses.Secondly,thereisaclearneedtotacklesignificantlabourmarketbarrierssuchasthecostandavailabilityofchildcare,labourmarketdiscriminationandthemismatchbetweenlaboursupplyanddemandintermsofeducation,skillsorotherbarrierstosuccessinachangingeconomy,focusingparticularlyonkeytargetgroupsandcommunitieslivingwithinLondon’smostdisadvantagedareas.
4.60WorkingwithandthroughtheLondonEnterprisePartnership(LEP),theMayorwillinfluencedeliveryofskillsandemploymentsupportforpeoplewhoworkinLondon,toenhanceLondoners’chancesofemploymentandprovideamorehighlyskilledworkforcefororganisationsacrossthecity.Helpingpeoplewhoaredisadvantagedorexcludedfromtheworkplace,includingthosewhoareunemployedorwholackbasicskills,willbe
aparticularpriority.Inparticular,theMayorwillworkwithcentralGovernmenttoensurethatthenationalWorkProgrammemeetstheparticularneedsofLondoners.
4.61DeliveryoftheMayor’sEconomicDevelopmentStrategy(EDS)willbeessentialtoachievementoftheobjectivesofthisPlan,whichsetsoutthespatialdevelopmentpoliciesthatwillbeneeded.TheEDShighlightstheimportanceofextendingopportunitytoallLondonersandoutlinesactionsto:
• tackleworklessnessandgetmoreLondonersintowork
• addresstherootcausesoflowskills• promoteequalityandtackledeprivation• ensuremoreeffectiveeducation,training
andemploymentsupportforall• helppeoplegetintowork,stayin
employmentandprogressintheircareer• providemorepersonalisedsupportand
improvedelivery.
4.62WhilstrecognisingthattheLondonlabourmarketisrelativelyintegrated,andpeoplewillfindemploymentatvaryingdistancesfromwheretheylive,thereisanimportantrolefortheplanningsysteminensuringthatanadequatemixofbusinessesandpublicservices(andthereforeemploymentopportunities)areprovidedclosetothosecommunitieswhoparticularlybenefitfromlocaljobs.Inthesameway,planningcanhelptoremovemanybarrierstoemploymentandtrainingopportunitiesby:
• supportingprovisionforaffordablechildcarefacilities(seePolicy8.2)
• providingforbusinessstartupunits• providingfortrainingfacilitiesinnew
developmentscreatinghighlevelsofjobs,tohelptheskillsoflocalpeoplematchtheneedsofLondon’sgrowingeconomy
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• ensuringfacilitiesforemploymentarewell-designedandaccessibletoallsectionsofthecommunity(includingdisabledpeopleandolderpeople)
• locatingemploymentandtrainingfacilitieswithinwalking/cyclingandorpublictransportaccessoflocalcommunities.
Alongsidethis,London’stransportinfrastructureprovisionshouldensurethatLondon’sworkforcecanaccessjobsacrossthecapital.
4.63Thesephysicallyfocussedinitiativesshouldbecomplementedbybusinessadviceandskillsdevelopmentthathelpbusinessesandindividualstakeadvantageoftheopportunitiesavailabletothem.
4.64Boroughsareencouragedtoinvestigatewithdevelopersthepossibilityofprovidinglocalbusinessesandresidentstheopportunitytoapplyforemploymentduringtheconstructionofdevelopmentsandintheresultantenduse.
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Endnotes1 GLAEconomics.JointStrategicEvidenceBase.
GLA,2009
2 RamidusConsultingLimited,RogerTym&Partners.
LondonOfficePolicyReview2009.GLA,2009
3 RamidusConsultingLimited2009,ibid
4 MayorofLondon.TheMayor’sOuterLondon
CommissionReport,GLA2010
5 MayorofLondon.EIPDraftHousingSPG.GLA,
2010.MayorofLondon.TownCentreSPG.GLA,
forthcoming
6 URS,GVAGrimley.LondonIndustrialLandRelease
Benchmarks.GLA2007
7 URS.LondonWholesaleMarketsReview.GLA,2007
8 GrantThornton.AccessibleHotelsinLondon.GLA,
2010
9 Strategicallyimportanthotelcapacitywilldepend
onlocalcircumstances,buttypicallycomprises
developmentexceeding100,000m2intheCity;
20,000m2inCentralLondonand15,000m2outside
CentralLondon.
10 Theoverseasovernightvisitorfiguresaresourced
fromInternationalPassengerSurvey(IPS)andthe
domesticonesfromUnitedKingdomTourismSurvey
(UKTS).Bothfiguresincludebusinessvisitors.
11 ThedayvisitorfiguresaresourcedfromtheLDA
OmnibusSurvey2008andrepresentleisuretourism
dayvisitsonly.
12 MayorofLondon.LondonTourismVision2006–
2016.LDA,2006andMayorofLondon.London
TourismActionPlan2009-2013.LDA,2009
13 GrantThornton.HotelDemandStudy.GLA,2006and
GrantThornton.AccessibleHotelsinLondon.GLA,
2010
14 Ibid
15 LondonAssemblyReport.TourisminOuterLondon.
LondonAssembly,2006
16 InformationabouttheQualityAssessmentScheme
canbefoundathttp://www.qualityintourism.com/
asp/letsgetassessed.asp
17 GreenTourismforLondon,launchedbytheLDAand
withthesupportofVisitLondon,isthenewscheme
forhotels,guesthouses,attractionsandvenuesinthe
capital.
18 GLAEconomics.London’sCreativeSector:2007
Update.GLA,2007
19 MayorofLondon.CulturalMetropolis:theMayor’s
PrioritiesforCulture2009-2012.GLA,2010
20 London’sArcadiareferstotheparks,gardens,historic
buildingsandlandscapescenescoveringthestretch
oftheThamesrunningfromTeddingtontoKew.
21 GLAEconomics.SpendingTime:London’sLeisure
Economy.GLA,2003
22 Boroughsshouldmanagetheeveningandnight-
timeeconomyincentres,takingaccountofand
complementingthelocalauthority’sStatementof
LicensingPolicyandthepromotionofthelicensing
objectivesunderthelicensingAct2003.
23 DepartmentforCulture,MediaandSport.Revised
GuidanceIssuedundersection182oftheLicensing
Act2003.DCMS,2007(paragraph13.31)
24 MayorofLondon.BestPracticeGuidanceon
ManagingtheNightTimeEconomy.GLA,2007
25 ExperianBusinessStrategies.ConsumerExpenditure
andComparisonGoodsRetailFloorspaceNeedin
London.GLA,2009
26 ExperianBusinessStrategies.ConvenienceGoods
FloorspaceNeed.GLA,2005
27 GLAEconomics.JointStrategicEvidenceBase.GLA,
2009
28 LondonAssembly.London’sStreetMarkets.GLA,
2007.CLGSelectCommittee.MarketFailure,can
theTraditionalMarketSurvive?HouseofCommons,
2009.Regenerisconsulting,London’sRetailStreet
Markets.LDA,2010