Ahmed SallamSlides based on original lecture slides Dr. Temur Kutsia

LOG

IC PRO

GRA

MM

ING Lecture 2: Prolog as a language

2/27/2015

Lecture 2: Prolog as Language 1

Prolog as Language

Syntax

Equality

Arithmetic

Satisfying Goals

Structures and Trees

Lists

Recursive Search

Mapping

2/27/2015Lecture 2: Prolog as Language2

Syntax

Terms : constant Variable structure

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Constants

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Non-Constants

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Variables

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Structures

Collection of Objects, Components, grouped together in oneobject .

Help Organize . Make code more readable .

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Structures

Example: Index Card for Library Author’s Name Title Date Publisher Name could be split also first, last, etc .

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Examples

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Questions

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Prolog as Language

Syntax

Equality

Arithmetic

Satisfying Goals

Structures and Trees

Lists

Recursive Search

Mapping

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Equality

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Example: Instantiated

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Example: Symbols

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Arguments Instantiated

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Arguments Instantiated

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Equality

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Prolog as Language

Syntax

Equality

Arithmetic

Satisfying Goals

Structures and Trees

Lists

Recursive Search

Mapping

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Arithmetic Comparisons

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Arithmetic

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Example

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Runs

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Who was a Prince When

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Invalid Question

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Arithmetic Operations

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Calculating

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Questions

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Questions

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Prolog as Language

Syntax

Equality

Arithmetic

Satisfying Goals

Structures and Trees

Lists

Recursive Search

Mapping

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How Prolog Answers Questions

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Matching

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How Is this Matched

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Prolog as Language

Syntax

Equality

Arithmetic

Satisfying Goals

Structures and Trees

Lists

Recursive Search

Mapping

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Representing Structures as Trees

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Representing Structures as Trees

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Parsing

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Parsing

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Parsing

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Prolog as Language

Syntax

Equality

Arithmetic

Satisfying Goals

Structures and Trees

Lists

Recursive Search

Mapping

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Lists

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Lists

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Lists as Trees

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List Manipulation

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Head and Tail

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44

Unifying Lists

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Strings are Lists

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Membership in a List

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Membership in a List (Example)2/27/2015Lecture 2: Prolog as Language48

a. member(X,[X|_]). b. member(X,[_|Y]):-member(X,Y).------------? member(4, [1,2,4,-5,6,8]). T1.a member(4, [1|[2,4,-5,6,8]]). F1.b member(4,[_|[2,4,-5,6,8]]):- 2. member(4,[2,4,-5,6,8]). T2.a member(4,[2|[4,-5,6,8]]. F2.b member(4,[_|4,-5,6,8]):- 3. member(4,[4,-5,6,8]). T3.a member(4,[4|[-5,6,8]]). T3.b member ().

Prolog as Language

Syntax

Equality

Arithmetic

Satisfying Goals

Structures and Trees

Lists

Recursive Search

Mapping

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Recursion

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Member Success

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Member Failure

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Member. Questions

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Recursion. Termination Problems

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Recursion. Termination Problems

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Prolog as Language

Syntax

Equality

Arithmetic

Satisfying Goals

Structures and Trees

Lists

Recursive Search

Mapping

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Mapping ?

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Mapping a Sentence to Another

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Mapping a Sentence. PROLOG Program

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Boundary Conditions

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