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Super-Kamiokande Gadolinium R&D Project:
Status and Outlook
68th JPS annual meeting. Kyoto. September 11th, 2012.
Lluís Martí Magro (Univ. Tokyo, ICRR) for the Super-Kamiokande collaboration.
Flux limit at Super-K
Phys. Rev. D 85, 052007 (2012)
Supernova Relic Neutrino
Lluís Martí Magro 68th JPS annual meeting 11th September, 2012
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The goal is the discovery of SRN !
→ Measurement limits getting closer to predictions→ Large backgrounds dominate this analysis→ Expand the energy range starting from 10 MeV
Gadolinium Antineutrino Detector Zealously Outperforming Old Kamiokande Super!
Inverse beta decay(2.2MeV)
~8 MeV
•ΔT~30μsec•Vertices within ~50cm
GADZOOKS!
Lluís Martí Magro 68th JPS annual meeting 11th September, 2012
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→Dissolve Gd in SK pure water (0.2%)→Neutrons captured on Gd produce a cascade of photons of ~8 MeV→The coincidence detection of e+ and those photons we can single out inverse beta decays and greatly reduce backgrounds!!
J.Beacom and M.Vagins, Phys.Rev.Lett.93 (2004) 17110
Evaluating Gadolinium’s Action on Detector Systems
Kamioka mine
200 ton tank
EGADS
Lluís Martí Magro 68th JPS annual meeting 11th September, 2012
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Our Goals: Water purification system Monitor the water transparency Effects on detector components Adding/removing Gd Neutron background
New hall
240 20' PMT
200 ton tank (d=6.5 m, h=6.5 m)
15 ton tankWater system
Water transparency
measurem
ent
Achieve and maintain a high water quality while keeping Gd
Lluís Martí Magro 68th JPS annual meeting 11th September, 2012
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EGADS plan schedule
- Step 1: Circulation through the 200 ton tank with pure water (no PMTs mounted) Done!- Step 2: Circulation through the 15 ton tank with Gd2(SO4)3 Done!- Step 3: Circulation though the 200 ton tank with Gd2(SO4)3 loaded water- Step 4: PMT mounting (240 in total)- Step 5: Full realization of the EGADS project
Lluís Martí Magro 68th JPS annual meeting 11th September, 2012
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EGADS plan schedule
- Step 1: Circulation through the 200 ton tank with pure water (no PMTs mounted) Done!- Step 2: Circulation through the 15 ton tank with Gd2(SO4)3 Done!- Step 3: Circulation though the 200 ton tank with Gd2(SO4)3 loaded water- Step 4: PMT mounting (240 in total)- Step 5: Full realization of the EGADS project
Lluís Martí Magro 68th JPS annual meeting 11th September, 2012
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EGADS plan schedule
- Step 1: Circulation through the 200 ton tank with pure water (no PMTs mounted) Done!- Step 2: Circulation through the 15 ton tank with Gd2(SO4)3 Done!- Step 3: Circulation though the 200 ton tank with Gd2(SO4)3 loaded water- Step 4: PMT mounting (240 in total)- Step 5: Full realization of the EGADS project
Lluís Martí Magro 68th JPS annual meeting 11th September, 2012
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EGADS plan schedule
- Step 1: Circulation through the 200 ton tank with pure water (no PMTs mounted) Done!- Step 2: Circulation through the 15 ton tank with Gd2(SO4)3 Done!- Step 3: Circulation though the 200 ton tank with Gd2(SO4)3 loaded water- Step 4: PMT mounting (240 in total)- Step 5: Full realization of the EGADS project
Lluís Martí Magro 68th JPS annual meeting 11th September, 2012
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EGADS plan schedule
- Step 1: Circulation through the 200 ton tank with pure water (no PMTs mounted) Done!- Step 2: Circulation through the 15 ton tank with Gd2(SO4)3 Done!- Step 3: Circulation though the 200 ton tank with Gd2(SO4)3 loaded water- Step 4: PMT mounting (240 in total)- Step 5: Full realization of the EGADS project
- Step 1: Circulation through the 200 ton tank with pure water (no PMTs mounted) Done!- Step 2: Circulation through the 15 ton tank with Gd2(SO4)3 Done!- Step 3: Circulation though the 200 ton tank with Gd2(SO4)3 loaded water- Step 4: PMT mounting (240 in total)- Step 5: Full realization of the EGADS project
Lluís Martí Magro 68th JPS annual meeting 11th September, 2012
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EGADS plan schedule
Lluís Martí Magro 68th JPS annual meeting 11th September, 2012
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EGADS plan schedule
- Step 1: Circulation through the 200 ton tank with pure water (no PMTs mounted) Done!- Step 2: Circulation through the 15 ton tank with Gd2(SO4)3 Done!- Step 3: Circulation though the 200 ton tank with Gd2(SO4)3 loaded water- Step 4: PMT mounting (240 in total)- Step 5: Full realization of the EGADS project
Filtration of Gd loaded water
Impurities size ++ ―>
Porous size ++ ―>
(NF)
(UF)
(RO)
12 11th September, 2012
68th JPS annual meetingLluís Martí Magro
Water system
M.Vagins
15 ton EGADS
Test Tank
Intake Pump
(>4 ton/hr)
5 m 1st Stage
Filter
Concentrated Gd NF Reject Lines
UV#1
Mem
braneD
egas
0.2 m 2nd Stage Filter
0.5 ton Collection
Buffer Tank
RepressurizationPump
(>0.6 MPa, >4 ton/hr)
RepressurizationPump
(>0.6 MPa, >3 ton/hr)
NF #2
NF #1
Ultrafilter #1
Repressur-izationPump
(>0.9 MPa, >2 ton/hr)
TOC
5 m Filter
0.5 ton Buffer Tank
RO #1
UF #1
UF #2
Repressurization Pump
(>0.9 MPa, >1.5 ton/hr)
DI#2
5 m Filter
RO #2
RO Permeate Lines
Conveying Pump
(~0.35 MPa, >4 ton/hr)
Recycles RO Reject Lines
ChillerUF#1 Reject Line
UF#2 Reject
UV#2
DI#1
To Drain
Lluís Martí Magro 68th JPS annual meeting 11th September, 2012
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Anion-rem
oval resin
5 m
Anion-rem
oval resin
The EGADS Hall
Pre-treatment system
15m3 tank for pre-treatment
200 ton tank UDEAL
Water system
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Anion-removal resin
(AJ4400)
Lluís Martí Magro 68th JPS annual meeting 11th September, 2012
The EGADS Hall
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15 m3 tank and pre-treatment
Gadolinium removal systemWater system
New New AJ4400July 11th
Flushing system13th August
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New run (20th July)
Gadolinium sulfate concentrationCo
ncen
tratio
n [p
pm]
NF1-R reduced from 12L → 9L (19th April)
Pump 4 off (2nd May)
01/01/2012 31/01/2012 01/03/2012 31/03/2012 30/04/2012 30/05/2012 29/06/2012 29/07/2012 28/08/20120
500
1000
1500
2000
2500Gadolinium Sulfate Concentration in 15 ton tank Run 2 Run 3
NF1-R reduced from 12L → 9L (19th April)
Pump 4 off (2nd May)
Sampling date
We can keep the Gd concentration constant !
Summary
Hollow cathode lamp
Step 1: the EGADS main water system is able to reach and maintain SK pure water quality level Step 2: after adding Gd, the water system can obtain and maintain a high pure water quality level (see Yano-san's talk) while keeping Gd → New AJ4400 resin installed in the main water system → Membrane flushing system upgraded Step 3: soon we will start the circulation of Gd loaded water though the 200 ton tank Preparations for the next steps are well advanced: PMT pre-calibration and installation, DAQ system, etc (see Mori-san and Yamaguchi-san's talks!)
Lluís Martí Magro 68th JPS annual meeting 11th September, 2012
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Done!
Done!
Hollow cathode lamp
BACKUP
The EGADS main water system reached SK level pure water
Transparency (pure water, step1)
Lluís Martí Magro 68th JPS annual meeting 11th September, 2012
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Hollow cathode lamp
BACKUP