Living system Living system interactionsinteractions

District Assessment ReviewDistrict Assessment Review

Cell, tissue, organs, organ systems

Cardiovascular system- transports needed materials to body cells,

removes waste

Skeletal system- supports and protects

Muscular- enables body to move

• muscles

• diaphram

What are smooth muscles and where are they located?

Smooth muscles are involuntary muscles such as inside of many internal organs.

Skin- protects the body- keeps water inside, sense external environ

• Skin and Hair

Digestive system-breaks down food, absorbs nutrients, eliminates waste

• Small & large intestine

• Liver• Stomach• pancreas

Digestive system

Reproductive- creates offspring

• Female- ovaries• Male- testes

Endocrine system- controls hormones• Glands• Pancreas

Nervous- obtains & process info• Brain• Spinal Cord

Respiratory- gets oxygen into the body, removes carbon dioxide

Excretory system- removes wastes- regulate water

Immune system- fights disease• Lymphoid organs include:

• adenoids

• blood vessels (the arteries, veins, and capillaries through which blood flows)

• bone marrow

• lymph nodes

• spleen

• thymus

• tonsils

Equilibrium

• Balance

• System is stable- parts function smoothly

• Homeostasis

Homeostasis

• Process by which the body’s internal environment is kept stable in spite of change in the external environment

• 1. Heart rate

• 2. Breathing rate

• 3. Temperature (body)

• 4. Blood cell count

Negative feedback

• Living systems maintain internal equilibrium (homeostasis) process is turned off by the condition it produces

• 1. Levels of sugar (glucose)

• 2. Shivering

• 3. Perspiring

• 4. Turgor pressure in plants – helps give shape and firmness (wilts- less pressure)

Hormone

• Chemical produced by an endocrine gland (that affects the activity of a tissue or organ)

• Insulin

Diffusion

• Substances move back and forth through cell membrane (high to low)

Osmosis

• Diffusion of water through a selectively permeable membrane

• Ms. May is not feeling well. She has a fever and has been vomiting. What type of internal stimulus would cause this type of response?

A. Heat exhaustion

B. Invasion of a virus

C. Freezing temperature

D. Lack of nutrients in the body

Which of the following describes the function of the organ shown above?

A. The transportation of oxygen to the lungsB. The transportation of water to the kidneysC. The transportation of messages from the brainD. The transportation of oxygen and nutrients to

the body

Which of the following happens to your eyes as you leave a dark movie theatre and

walk in to a bright room?

A. Your pupils dilate.

B. Your pupils remain the same size.

C. Your pupils constrict to limit the amount of light.

D. Your pupils dilate to limit the amount of light.

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Example of stimulus and response

• Within the context of the integumentary (skin) system: An ant crawling on your arm disturbs the hairs on your arm. You feel that stimulus and brush the ant away!

Example of stimulus and response

• Within the context of the circulatory system: If foreign invaders such as a bacteria enter your body, your body sounds an alert and dispatches an army of white blood cells to the wound site to attack the invaders.

Example of stimulus and response• Within the context of the respiratory

system: If you hold your breath (a conscious act), carbon dioxide begins to build up in the blood stream. Your body detects this; you faint and lose consciousness; you begin to breathe normally, your body receives the oxygen it needs, and you return to consciousness.

Example of stimulus and response• Within the context of the endocrine

system: If there is too much glucose in your blood stream, the pancreas will produce a chemical called insulin which enables body cells to take in glucose from the blood and use it for energy. If the glucose returns to the normal level, the production of insulin from the pancreas would stop.

An organ where gas exchange occurs in the

• A. Heart

• B. lung

• C. kidney

• D. brain

Which of these structures are most abundant in the human body?

• A. systems

• B. tissues

• C. cells

• D. organs

Example of stimulus and response

• Within the context of the excretory system: If you eat the fish with mercury in it, your liver will filter the poison out of your body.