Post on 21-Dec-2015
Live in blood and tissues for the human and animals ,The
trypanosoma four shape :-
1.(Amastigote) Leishmania form
Rounded shape , absence of free flagellum , kinetoplast is small
arise from inside short flagellum .
Kinetoplast Nucleus
2.(Promastigote )Leptomondia form
Long body ,emerge of forefront body free flagellum arise of
blepharoplast , has no undulating membrane ,central nucleus ,
kinetoplast in anterior end .
Flagella
Kinetoplast
Blepharoplast
Nucleus
3.(Epimastigote) crithidial form:-Longer than previous, central
nucleus in front of kinetoplast ,short undulating membrane .
Flagella
Undulating membrane
Kinetoplast Nucleus
Blepharoplast
4. (trypomastigote ) trypanosomal form:Spindle shape, central
nucleus , kinetoplast behind nucleus , undulating membrane is
extend on long the body ,emerge like free flagellum in anterior
end
There are three Types of Trypanosoma
Genus and species Vector disease
1.Trypanosoma gambiense
2. Trypanosoma
rhodesiense
3. Trypanosoma cruzi.
Tsetse flies from
genus Glossina palpalis
Glossina morsitans
Reduviid bug
Gambian trypanosomiasis or centeral African sleeping sickness
Rhodesiantrypanosomiasis or East African sleeping sickness
Chaga's disease
Hosts :-
1.Human is final host but Tsetse fly is reservoir
host in Trypanosoma gambiense and
Trypanosoma rhodesiense .
2. In Trypanosoma cruzi pigs is final host but
Cats ,dogs and reduviid bug are reservoir host .
Location in Definitive host :-
1.Trypanosoma gambiense and Trypanosoma
rhodesiense in human blood , lymph nodes, central
nervous system and spinal fluid.
2.In Trypanosoma cruzi in human blood and spleen.
Infective Stage:-Trypomastigote shape
Mode of transmission-:
The disease is mostly transmitted through the bite of
an infected tsetse fly in Trypanosoma gambiense and
Trypanosoma rhodesiense , reduviid in Trypanosoma
cruzi
Mother-to-child infection: the trypanosome can cross
the placenta and infect the fetus.
Accidental infections have occurred in laboratories due
to pricks from contaminated needles.
Laboratory Diagnosis
Direct microscopy
1. Identify Trypomastigote shape in blood smear , Lymph
nodes ,bone marrow and spinal fluid in Trypanosoma
gambiense and Trypanosoma rhodesiense
2 .Identify Trypomastigote shape in blood smear or biopsy of
spleen in Trypanosoma cruzi .
Serological test .
Leishmania has two shapes
1.Amastigote (Leishmania) form :- found in final host
infect the Liver ,Spleen ,bone marrow ,lymph nodes and
Macrophage.
Amastigote from biopsy of
macrophages(Leishman stain)
2.Leptomonad(Promastigote ) form:- found in
mid gut and Salivary gland for the infective
Sand fly or in culture media.
Promastigote culture from
There are three types of Leishmania
Genus disease
1. Leishmania donovani
Visceral leishmaniasis or Kala-azar or Black fever
2. Leishmania tropica
Cutaneous leishmaniasis or oriental sor or Baghdad boil or Delhi boil
3. Leishmania braziliensis
Muco-cutaneous leishmaniasis or American leishmaniasis
Infective stage :- Promastigote shape
Hosts:-
human , dogs and rodents are final hosts .
female Sand fly genus phlebtomus papatsi
is intermediate host.
Laboratory diagnosis:-
1. Examination the samples of tissues on the margin of ulcer
for seeing the promastigote shape in Leishmania
tropica .
2.In Leishmania donovani doing the biopsy by the bone
marrow , liver , spleen and lymph nodes .
Immunological Diagnosis : ELISA & Polymerize
chain reaction (PCR)